Browse publications by year: 2024

  1. Zhang X, Tang QQ, Cai YY
    Front Public Health, 2024;12:1445778.
    PMID: 39703487 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1445778
    INTRODUCTION: The role of social media in providing fitness-related health information has been widely discussed; however, there is a notable lack of research on fitness-related health information behaviors among youth within the social media context. This study aims to address this gap by integrating Self-Determination Theory (SDT)-based internal factors and external factors (social media algorithms and source credibility).

    METHODS: A voluntary sample of 600 participants, aged 15 to 29, was recruited. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine the relationships between variables.

    RESULTS: The analysis revealed that all three intrinsic needs-competence, autonomy, and relatedness-along with social media algorithms and source credibility, positively correlated with fitness-related health information use behaviors among youth. Additionally, social media algorithms moderated the relationship between the need for relatedness and fitness-related health information behavior.

    DISCUSSION: These findings provide new insights into developing health communication strategies on social media, particularly targeted toward the youth demographic, enhancing our understanding of effective health information dissemination in digital environments.

    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Algorithms; China; Female; Humans; Male; Physical Fitness; Surveys and Questionnaires; Personal Autonomy; Young Adult; Social Media*
  2. Xu L, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, Li L, Looi LJ, et al.
    Front Plant Sci, 2024;15:1492036.
    PMID: 39703548 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1492036
    Climate change not only leads to high temperatures, droughts, floods, storms and declining soil quality, but it also affects the spread and mutation of pests and diseases, which directly influences plant growth and constitutes a new challenge to food security. Numerous hormones like auxin, ethylene and melatonin, regulate plant growth and development as well as their resistance to environmental stresses. To mitigate the impact of diverse biotic and abiotic stressors on crops, single or multiple phytohormones in combination have been applied. Melatonin is a multifunctional signaling molecule engaged in the development and stress response of plants. In the current review, we discuss the synthesis and action of melatonin, as well as its utilization for plant resistance to different stresses from the perspective of practical application. Simultaneously, we elucidate the regulatory effects and complex mechanisms of melatonin and other plant hormones on the growth of plants, explore the practical applications of melatonin in combination with other phytohormones in crops. This will aid in the planning of management strategies to protect plants from damage caused by environmental stress.
  3. Abdullah S, Ghazali KAB, Soh EZF, Sapuan J, Gill PS, Lim CH
    J Hand Surg Glob Online, 2024 Nov;6(6):814-817.
    PMID: 39703592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.06.008
    PURPOSE: Fixation of metacarpal or phalanx bone fractures is usually performed under general anesthesia (GA) or regional anesthesia and with the use of a tourniquet to minimize bleeding. However, the use of tourniquet causes pain and discomfort after surgery. Wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) enables the surgery to be performed with the patient fully awake and without a tourniquet, which allows intraoperative assessment of function during surgery. This study aims to compare the perioperative parameters and clinical outcomes between GA versus WALANT in hand fracture fixations.

    METHODS: Forty-eight patients with hand fractures were recruited over a period of 15 months. Twenty-one patients had undergone fracture fixation under GA, whereas another 27 patients had the surgery under WALANT. Parameters including vital signs (heart rate and systolic blood pressure), surgery duration, estimated blood loss, visual analog scale, and quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire were evaluated.

    RESULTS: Wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet group had significantly higher systolic blood pressure values and higher estimated blood less than GA group. Wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet group also documented shorter surgical time compared with GA group, but the difference was not significant. In terms of clinical outcomes, WALANT group recorded significantly lower visual analog scale score at 2 hours and 2 weeks postsurgery. However, WALANT has a comparable QuickDASH score with GA group except at 3 months postsurgery.

    CONCLUSIONS: Wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet surgery for hand fracture fixation provides a similar analgesic effect and comparable QuickDASH score except at 3 months postsurgery compared with GA.

    TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IIb.

  4. Wan-Chiew N, Baki MM, Lokanathan Y, Fauzi MB, Azman M
    Front Cell Dev Biol, 2024;12:1489901.
    PMID: 39703693 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1489901
    Approaches to regenerate vocal fold in glottic insufficiency remains to be a focus for exploration. This is attributed to the applications of cells or biological molecules alone result in fast degradation and inadequate for regeneration. Development of an injectable hydrogel for glottic insufficiency is challenging, as it needs to be non-cytotoxic, elastic yet possess good strength and easy to fabricate. This gap prompts us to study the feasibility of our genipin(gn)-crosslinked gelatin (G) hydrogel in encapsulating Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (WJMSCs) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) WJMSCs with the aim to provide regeneration in glottic insufficiency. WJMSCs was encapsulated into two optimised formulations with the density of 2,000,000 cells/mL. The encapsulated cells were tested for its morphology, cell viability, proliferation and migration. Then, the incorporation of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was done into a final formulation and was tested for the cellular response and in vitro inflammation. 6G 0.4gn demonstrated better cell viability after in vitro culturing for 7 day. After incorporation of bFGF into cell-laden 6G 0.4gn, encapsulated WJMSCs showed to have improved viability and migration. The inflammatory profile of the hydrogel was imperceptible and was regarded as minimal or no pro- and anti-inflammation. Altogether, we have first formulated 6G 0.4gn which is suitable to encapsulate WJMSCs and incorporation of bFGF. Current study fulfils the market need in vocal fold regeneration, by suggesting its rejuvenating potential in glottic insufficiency, yet this combined formulation should be studied further to justify its translation to clinical setting.
  5. Rajoo AR, Kannairan S, Habeebullah Khan HA, Md Idris MA, Tan GC, Chandra Sakaran KR, et al.
    Front Oncol, 2024;14:1462956.
    PMID: 39703846 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1462956
    Paragangliomas originating from blood vessels are exceptionally rare, presenting diagnostic challenges due to their histological resemblance to other vascular neoplasms. We present a case study of a 60-year-old woman with underlying hypertension and dyslipidemia with obesity, initially diagnosed with angiosarcoma based on imaging and histological characteristics viewed via CT-guided biopsy. Intraoperative exploration revealed a lobulated tumor located between the inferior vena cava (IVC) and aorta measuring 7 cm × 8 cm, during which the patient developed transient hemodynamic instabilities. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining using neuroendocrine markers (chromogranin, synaptophysin, S-100 protein, and CD-56) later confirmed the tumor as a retroperitoneal paraganglioma. Retroperitoneal paraganglioma was initially misdiagnosed as angiosarcoma due to the overlapping imaging characteristics between the two tumors. This highlights the importance of raising suspicion on the possibility of retroperitoneal paraganglioma when imaging examination indicates angiosarcoma and to incorporate histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis to avoid misdiagnosis.
  6. Ding J, Yeong C
    Front Oncol, 2024;14:1504139.
    PMID: 39703856 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1504139
    Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains one of the most aggressive and challenging malignancies to treat, with limited therapeutic options and poor outcomes. Recent advances in understanding SCLC biology have identified Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) as a promising target for novel therapies. This review explores the evolving landscape of DLL3-targeted therapies in SCLC, examining their mechanistic basis, preclinical promise, and clinical development. We discuss various therapeutic modalities, including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies, and emerging approaches such as near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) and radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT). The review highlights the challenges encountered in translating these promising approaches into clinical practice, including the setbacks faced by early DLL3-targeted therapies like Rovalpituzumab Tesirine (Rova-T). We also explore potential strategies to overcome these obstacles, emphasizing the need for a more nuanced understanding of DLL3 biology and its role in SCLC pathogenesis. The integration of cutting-edge technologies and interdisciplinary collaboration is proposed as a path forward to optimize DLL3-targeted therapies and improve outcomes for SCLC patients. This comprehensive overview provides insights into the current state and future directions of DLL3-targeted therapies, underscoring their potential to revolutionize SCLC treatment paradigms.
  7. Engku Abd Rahman ENS, Irekeola AA, Yamin D, Elmi AH, Chan YY
    PeerJ, 2024;12:e18604.
    PMID: 39703916 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18604
    Borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (BORSA) has been a persistent yet under-researched concern in the realm of antibiotic resistance, characterized by unique resistance mechanisms and potential for severe infections. This systematic review and meta-analysis consolidates data from 29 studies encompassing 18,781 samples, revealing a global BORSA prevalence of 6.6% (95% CI [4.0-10.7]). The highest prevalence was found in animals (46.3%), followed by food (8.9%), and humans (5.1%). Notably, significant regional disparities were observed, with Brazil exhibiting the highest prevalence at 70.0%, while The Netherlands reported just 0.5%. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of BORSA epidemiology, influenced by local antibiotic usage practices and healthcare infrastructures. The analysis also reveals substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 96.802%), highlighting the need for improved reporting practices and tailored surveillance protocols that account for the specific contexts of each study. As antibiotic resistance continues to escalate, understanding BORSA's global footprint is crucial for informing targeted interventions and optimizing antibiotic stewardship programs. This study fills critical gaps in current knowledge of BORSA and highlights the need for coordinated efforts among researchers, healthcare providers, and policymakers to develop effective strategies for addressing the rising threat of antibiotic-resistant pathogens like BORSA, including further exploration of its genetic and phenotypic characteristics.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Humans; Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects; Global Health; Prevalence; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/drug effects
  8. Abid SK, Sulaiman N, Al-Wathinani AM, Goniewicz K
    J Glob Health, 2024 Dec 20;14:04290.
    PMID: 39703989 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04290
    BACKGROUND: Flooding is a frequent and devastating hazard in Malaysia, exacerbated by the country's tropical climate and rapid urbanisation. Traditional flood management strategies, predominantly focused on engineering solutions, have proven inadequate in addressing evolving flood risks. Community-based flood mitigation (CBFM) has emerged as an alternative approach, leveraging local knowledge and public participation to enhance flood resilience. This study aims to evaluate the role of CBFM in Malaysia, focusing on the effectiveness of public involvement and policy implementation in flood risk management.

    METHODS: We conducted 20 in-depth interviews with stakeholders, including government officials, community members, and representatives of non-governmental organisations (NGOs), using a qualitative methodology. The data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify key themes surrounding public participation, policy challenges, and successful community-led flood mitigation initiatives.

    RESULTS: The findings highlight the critical role of public involvement in improving flood preparedness and resilience. Communities that actively participated in mitigation efforts, such as early warning systems and nature-based solutions, demonstrated enhanced resilience. However, significant challenges remain, including inadequate funding, outdated infrastructure, and bureaucratic delays. Public awareness and education on flood preparedness, especially in rural areas, were found to be insufficient, hindering the effectiveness of flood management strategies.

    CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that while CBFM initiatives in Malaysia show promise, their success depends on stronger policy enforcement, increased public engagement, and sustained investments in both green and grey infrastructure. Greater collaboration between local communities, NGOs, and government agencies is essential for improving flood risk management and building long-term resilience, particularly in the face of increasing climate-driven disasters.

    MeSH terms: Consumer Participation*; Disaster Planning; Humans; Malaysia; Risk Management; Qualitative Research; Floods*
  9. Chan R, Mugisha CS, Chuenchob V, Moquin SA, Manjunatha UH, Jarrousse N, et al.
    SLAS Discov, 2024 Dec;29(8):100189.
    PMID: 39499968 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2024.100189
    Over the past 25 years, the global community has faced challenges posed by three distinct outbreaks of coronaviruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The identification of a novel alphacoronavirus canine CoV (CCoV-HuPn2018) in human patients in Malaysia underscores the potential for crossover infections to humans. The threat of the ever-evolving nature of viral infections as well as the lingering health and socioeconomic effects of the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic emphasize the urgent need for advanced antiviral drug screening tools that can be quickly implemented to strengthen preparedness and preventive measures against future outbreaks. Here, we present the development and validation of a novel RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) imaging assay as a 384-well, high-throughput rapid response platform for antiviral drug discovery. RNA-FISH is a powerful tool to visualize specific mRNA in cultured cells using a high-content imaging platform. The flexibility of RNA-FISH probe sets allows for the rapid design of viral genome-specific probes, enabling in vitro assay development to test for inhibition of viral replication by either biologic or small molecule inhibitors. Screening of 170 antiviral compounds in concentration-response demonstrates a strong correlation between the RNA-FISH assay and an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for both human coronaviruses HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E. Additionally, we successfully applied this methodology in the context of CCoV strain 1-71, proving rapid development and deployment, opening new avenues for the evaluation of antiviral drugs to potential future emerging threats.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods; Humans; RNA, Viral/genetics; Coronavirus/drug effects; Coronavirus/genetics
  10. Puspalingam K, Suppamutharwyam M
    Cureus, 2024 Nov;16(11):e73849.
    PMID: 39691137 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.73849
    Post-COVID-19 sequelae can include various complications, including musculoskeletal manifestations. Unvaccinated against COVID-19, a 21-year-old woman initially experienced severe COVID-19 and subsequently recovered. She later developed mild COVID-19, which was followed by severe myalgia and joint pain in her upper extremities. After a third COVID-19 infection, she experienced intense pain in multiple hand joints and lethargy. The blood tests were normal, and the ultrasound report revealed tenosynovitis of the wrist joint. Her pain improved with combined treatment approaches.  To our knowledge, this is the first case report of post-COVID-19 tenosynovitis. We have also highlighted the predisposing factors for the development of tenosynovitis, which may include being unvaccinated and lifestyle changes, such as a sedentary routine. This case also emphasizes the need for further research into the long-term effects of the condition on mobility and quality of life.
  11. Nasuruddin H, Che Yusoff MA, Che Ahmad A, Rosdi MH
    Cureus, 2024 Nov;16(11):e73848.
    PMID: 39691140 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.73848
    The increasing prevalence of proximal humerus fractures in the elderly population, particularly osteoporotic fractures, necessitates a biomechanical evaluation of Kirschner wire (K-wire) configurations used in percutaneous fixation. This study investigates the stability of different K-wire configurations and examines the effect of wire size and type (smooth vs. threaded). Using 27 synthetic humeri models, we compare three configurations as follows: four parallel ascending K-wires (box-type), two ascending and two descending K-wires, and a combination of both. Results show that adding descending K-wires significantly enhances stability, particularly against torsional forces. This study highlights the importance of wire type and configuration in stabilizing proximal humerus fractures. Multiplanar constructs with descending K-wires, especially threaded ones, offer better stability. These insights help improve surgical techniques for elderly and osteoporotic patients, but further research using cadaver models is needed for clinical validation.
  12. Bouregba H, Hachemi M, Samatar AM, Mekhilef S, Stojcevski A, Seyedmahmoudian M, et al.
    Heliyon, 2024 Dec 15;10(23):e40650.
    PMID: 39691197 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40650
    This study evaluates the energy efficiency of an urban dairy farm in Tlemcen, Algeria, by assessing the feasibility of a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV)/wind hybrid energy system. Using HOMER and MATLAB software, the study explores the potential for replacing the farm's existing energy systems with a hybrid system integrated into a low-voltage electrical grid. The HOMER software determined the configuration that resulted in the lowest net present cost, energy cost in kWh, greenhouse gas emission mitigation, and renewable fraction (RF). The selected specifications of the renewable energy (RE) system components, power rates, and costs are based on the local market. The results indicate a net current cost of $106,117.90 and a levelized cost of energy of $0.0959/kWh, with a reduction in CO2 emissions by 594 kg/day. The system delivers 98 % RF with 4 kWh/m2/day medium solar radiation and 4 m/s wind speeds, and the ideal investment recovery takes 33 months. On the other hand, generation includes 933 kWh/year in grid buys and 42,488 kWh/year in sold-backs. The PV array generates 5457 kWh annually, the wind turbine produces 40,761 kWh/year, and an additional 939 kWh/year is purchased from the grid. Additionally, hybrid power systems in dairy farms reduce energy consumption by 90 % and increase milk production by 40 %, promoting sustainable agriculture. The findings highlight the importance of adopting RE systems in agricultural operations to achieve both economic and environmental sustainability.
  13. Fata Nahas ARM, Omar N, Osman AMY, Taufek NHM
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2024;16(3):108-113.
    PMID: 39691543 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_802_24
    INTRODUCTION: The future of our healthcare services highly depends on the current generation of health science students since they are the ones who will work in the healthcare setting. Ensuring their mental well-being is an utmost priority so that they can offer top-tier quality care and services to people in need. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of mental well-being and mental help-seeking attitude among undergraduate sciences students and the impact of socioeconomic status toward both variables.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among students (N = 364) from six sciences schools at International Islamic University Malaysia via an online survey, which contained three main parts; socioeconomic status, mental well-being assessment using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS), and assessment of mental help-seeking attitude using the General Mental Help-Seeking Attitude Scale (MHSAS). Data were analysed using SPSS, version 29.0.

    RESULTS: Only 7.1% of the students have positive mental well-being, while 44.8% scored positive mental help-seeking attitude. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in students' mental well-being and any of SES components. There was a significant association between students' year of study and mental help-seeking attitude (P = 0.029), in addition, WEMWBS and MHSAS scores showed a positive correlation (P < 0.01).

    CONCLUSION: Future studies are essential to find out the contributing factors, prevention, and intervention that can be done to help the student in need.

  14. Ashruf R, Parasuraman S, Ismail NE, Thamby SA
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2024;16(3):87-92.
    PMID: 39691544 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_291_24
    Cancer is a highly prevalent noncommunicable disease with low levels of awareness among the general public, as reported in numerous studies worldwide. Given the daunting nature of cancer, poor knowledge and awareness levels of this disease with regard to its warning signs, risk factors, and the importance of cancer screening among the public may lead to unfavorable health-related outcomes, such as delayed diagnosis and treatment initiation. However, there is potential to tackle this issue with properly designed health educational interventions. Quasi-experimental studies can be implemented to raise awareness in this subject matter via a myriad of traditional and digitalized educational intervention methods. Relevant studies identified across electronic databases were categorized based on the various educational interventions employed in promoting cancer knowledge and awareness. The effectiveness of these interventional approaches was assessed based on the pre-test and post-test scores, which captured the changes in knowledge and awareness levels before and after the educational intervention. Varying outcomes were observed across the diverse methods in individuals of different age groups. Nevertheless, evidence-based cancer educational interventions often yield multifaceted positive outcomes. The aim of this article is to review the various approaches of educational interventions utilized to positively alter the knowledge and awareness on cancer among the general public.
  15. Ismaeil R, Mat-Nor MB, Kamarudin NB, Abubakar U, Fata Nahas AR, Nik Mohamed MH
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2024;16(3):114-120.
    PMID: 39691545 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_512_24
    BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of reducing healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) depends on increasing healthcare providers' awareness, skills, and adherence to standard practices. Mhealth applications provide an innovative approach to enhancing access to information and resources while reducing time and expenses.

    OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to develop and evaluate a mhealth application for healthcare providers that offers quick access to updated recommendations, evidence-based guidelines, and protocols for managing patients with HCAIs.

    METHOD: The study included the development of the app, followed by a pilot test of its usability among physicians and nursing staff by using the Mobile Application Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ).

    RESULTS: The mhealth application, named HCAI Shield, was developed with four main menus. The menu includes HCAI's care bundle: hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, and standard precautions. The information has been gathered following standards established by both national and international organizations. Twenty-one participants took part in the evaluation, and the mean score for the application's usability was 5.28 ± 0.38. The areas of "ease of use," "interface and satisfaction" received high mean scores.

    CONCULSION: The HCAI Shield app provides convenient access to evidence-based guidelines and standards for HCAI management. Further evaluation is recommended.

  16. Savio SD, Artha K, Wiguna I
    Malays Orthop J, 2024 Nov;18(3):66-70.
    PMID: 39691565 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2411.009
    In young patients, the use of total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is rarely preferred due to its high rate of mechanical failure. Poor compliance and psychological problems encountered may lead to increased difficulty in management. A 38-year-old male complained stiffness and pain on his left elbow. History of trauma was present 10 months ago, when he fell down from a tree of 6m high. Immediate closed reduction and immobilisation with backslab was performed, but he was lost to follow-up due to Schizophrenia. In physical examination, we found varus and recurvatum deformity with inability to flex the elbow beyond 30° and perform pronation. Plain radiograph and CT scan confirmed the terrible triad of elbow with callus formation. Total elbow arthroplasty with soft tissue release was then performed, resulting in satisfactory range of motion at one year follow-up. The management of neglected terrible triad of the elbow is challenging not only due to the bony problems, but also contracted muscles and fibrotic joint. TEA previously has been described in cases of inflammatory arthritis and degenerative arthritis, less in post-traumatic conditions especially in young patients. Though there is still scarcity in literatures discussing the burden of psychiatric problems in arthroplasty patients, but the existing literatures proved the correlation between psychiatric comorbidity with higher rate of post-operative adverse events. Total elbow arthroplasty can be considered as a surgical treatment for a young patient with neglected fracture dislocation of elbow with satisfactory result; however close post-operative monitoring and routine physiotherapy exercise should always be performed.
  17. Mishra JK, Sahu SA, Sindhuja A, Kar BK, Saha A
    Malays Orthop J, 2024 Nov;18(3):71-74.
    PMID: 39691566 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2411.010
    Free fibula flap has been a workhorse for head, neck, and extremity long bone defects. We discuss the reconstruction challenge in an unusual hand injury case involving the loss of multiple metacarpals and soft tissue with surprising preservation of finger vascularity. The reconstructive goals were addressed with a microvascular osteocutaneous fibula flap transfer with multiple osteotomies to create spitting images of metacarpals and soft tissue defects restored with the skin paddle. The outcome, in terms of functional gain, was sufficient for managing day-to-day activities. We share our experience in reconstructing this unique presentation of a complex hand injury.
  18. Khan AQ, Raza Q, Abbas MB, Chowdhry M, Khan MJ
    Malays Orthop J, 2024 Nov;18(3):42-50.
    PMID: 39691567 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2411.006
    INTRODUCTION: Recurrence after Giant Cell Tumour (GCT) treatment depends on the type of treatment used. Poly-Methyl-Meth-Acrylate (PMMA) after extended curettage provides structural support and allows for early identification of recurrence but carries a risk of thermal damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. The aim of this study was to compare long-term functional outcomes and complications in patients with GCT around the knee treated with extended curettage and bone grafting or cementation.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: All patients with biopsy-proven GCT, involving either the distal femur or proximal tibia, and treated with either curettage with bone grafting (CBG), curettage with bone cementation (CBC), or curettage combined with grafting and cementation (the Sandwich technique) were included. They were further classified according to Campanacci grading. Patients were followed for a minimum of two years, and all complications were recorded.

    RESULTS: The three groups showed a statistically significant difference in terms of persistent pain after surgery (p=0.03), development of long-term arthritis (p=0.01), as well as overall complications (p=0.005). There was no significant difference in terms of the overall recurrence rate between each group (p>0.05). For Campanacci Grade II lesions, there was a statistically significant difference in terms of local recurrence (p=0.01), with lower recurrence rates observed after cementation procedures.

    CONCLUSION: The study indicates that the Sandwich technique was associated with a lower rate of complications compared to CBG or CBC. Patients in the CBG group reported persistent pain, while those in the CBC group exhibited early arthritic changes within five years of the index surgery. Although there was no overall difference in recurrence rates, cementation procedures had a significantly lower rate of recurrence in Campanacci Grade II lesions.

  19. Idulhaq M, Mudigdo A, Utomo P, Wasita B, Trapsilantya ME
    Malays Orthop J, 2024 Nov;18(3):27-31.
    PMID: 39691569 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2411.004
    INTRODUCTION: This study compares the quality of hydroxyapatite in Anadara granosa waste and laying chicken eggshell waste to commercial synthetic hydroxyapatite.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: This experimental research included 27 samples of hydroxyapatite derived from clam shell waste (CSW-HAP), hydroxyapatite derived from eggshell waste (ESW-HAP), and commercial synthetic hydroxyapatite, with nine samples of each. The calcination method was used to process clam shell waste and eggshell waste into hydroxyapatite, which was then compared with synthetic hydroxyapatite from Bongros® for calcium and phosphate content. Scanning electron microscopy was used to compare their morphological structures.

    RESULT: The mean calcium levels in the CW-HAP, EW-HAP, and control groups were 41.3±2.9%, 41.5±2.3%, and 39.6±5.0%, respectively. According to One Way ANOVA, there was no significant difference between the CW-HAP or EW-HAP groups and the control group (p=0.49). The mean phosphate levels in the CW-HAP, EW-HAP, and control groups were 8.1±1.2%, 8.1±1.3%, and 9.4±2.0%, respectively. The results were also not significant (p=0.146).

    CONCLUSION: Clam shell waste and eggshells can be an alternative source of hydroxyapatite substitution, as demonstrated by the structural and porous formation of hydroxyapatite obtained from these sources (CW-HAP and EW-HAP) when compared to commercial synthetic hydroxyapatite.

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