METHODS: Five Schiff base ligands and their complexes were synthesized, characterized, and screened against β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity.
RESULTS: In the series, compounds 3e, 3c, 2b, and 2c ascribed powerful inhibition ranging from (IC50 = 3.0 ± 0.7 µM) to (IC50 = 19.2 ± 0.8 µM). A precise and particular arrangement of atoms is suggested by the triclinic p-1 space group and the existence of a single molecule in an asymmetric unit, which are indispensable for the reactivity as well as the stability of the compounds. The analysis of the Hirshfeld surface provides information about the hydrogen intermolecular and π-π interactions. Based on molecular docking, binding potency increasing by complexation 3a-e compared to ligands 2a-e as well as reference Saccharic acid and uronic isofagomine inhibitor, suggesting that it may be a potent inhibitor of these receptors.
CONCLUSION: The work recognizes latent active compounds for novel β-glucoronidase inhibitors, by further support these may be harnessed for the development of potent drugs.
METHODS: The development of RaHEM followed the ADDIE framework. A comprehensive analysis was conducted through literature reviews, cross-sectional surveys, and stakeholder interviews. The module's content was designed and developed based on the Modified Health Belief Model and Mayer's Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning. Validation was performed by a panel of six experts and ten dog owners through content and face validity indices, respectively.
RESULTS: The module was organized into five core topics, each addressing specific aspects of rabies prevention. Content validity indices for all topics exceeded the acceptable threshold of 0.83, with an overall module CVI of 0.91 for relevance and 0.88 for clarity. Face validity indices also surpassed the 0.83 threshold, with overall module FVI scores of 1.00 for understandability and 0.99 for clarity.
CONCLUSION: The RaHEM MOOC was successfully developed and thoroughly validated, ensuring it met its intended objectives and was suitable for the target audience. This educational module offers a promising approach to enhancing rabies prevention through accessible and engaging online education, potentially contributing to reduced rabies transmission and fatalities. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the module's effectiveness in improving rabies knowledge and attitudes.
METHODS: We retrospectively collected and analyzed the clinical data of patients with pathologic diagnosis of PCa from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022 in two hospitals in Yangzhou, China. Patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University were divided into a training set and patients from the Affiliated Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Yangzhou University were divided into a validation set. Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and logistic regression were used to screen key risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, c-index, calibration curves, and decision curves analysis (DCA) were used for the validation, calibration, clinical benefit assessment, and external validation of nomogram models.
RESULTS: A total of 204 cases were collected from the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, including 64 cases diagnosed as PCa BM and 50 cases collected from the Affiliated Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Yangzhou University, including 12 cases diagnosed as PCa BM. Results showed that history of alcohol consumption, prostate stiffness on Digital rectal examination(DRE), prostate nodules on DRE, FIB, ALP, cTx, and Gleason score were high-risk factors for BM in PCa and nomogram was established. The c-index of the final model was 0.937 (95% CI: 0.899-0.975). And the model was validated by external validation set (c-index: 0.929). The ROC curves and calibration curves showed that the nomogram had good predictive accuracy, and DCA showed that the nomogram had good clinical applicability.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified seven high-risk factors for BM in PCa and these factors would provide a theoretical basis for early clinical prevention of PCa BM.
METHOD: Case report and literature review.
RESULT: A 53-year-old gentleman with underlying Stage III B renal cell carcinoma with lung metastasis and gout presented in June 2021 with bilateral red eyes following Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination. He had undergone a nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma and was on Pembrolizumab therapy for 5 years. Examination showed right eye injected conjunctiva with diffuse punctate epithelial erosions over the cornea, which was treated with topical steroids. The left eye is suspected to have infective keratitis, which is treated with topical antibiotics and subsequently steroids for the ocular surface inflammation. However, he developed a left eye paracentral sterile corneal melt which rapidly progressed to perforation measuring 1 mm in size. The perforation was temporarily sealed with tissue glue, but he eventually required a full thickness corneal patch graft. Patient has been doing well post-operatively for the last 3 years.
CONCLUSION: The diagnosis and management of irAEs are challenging and necessitate continuously updated diagnostic and monitoring tools. As checkpoint inhibitors become more promising in the management of malignancies, it is crucial for both the oncologist and ophthalmologist to be aware of the potential ocular adverse effects of these drugs.
METHODS: This study was conducted based on the PRISMA 2020 criteria. Initial searching was conducted using MeSH (Medical Subject Headings)-based keywords with no time limitation (by August 1, 2024). Collected papers were transferred to Citation Management Software (EndNote). Duplicate studies were merged and primary and secondary screenings were applied based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Validation was considered to find high-quality assessments. Finally, eligible extractable papers were enrolled for data collection. Data was analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (v.2) The random effects model was used in case of I2 index above 50%.In order to investigate the factors affecting the heterogeneity of studies, meta-regression tests were used to examine factors such as sample size and year of study.
RESULTS: One hundred thirty-eight eligible studies with a total sample size of 135,098 pregnant women individuals were selected for data extraction and analysis. The heterogeneity index was found high (I2:98.9) and the random effect model was used for analysis. The egger test revealed the absence of publication bias in collected studies (p:0.088). Thus, the global seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women was reported at 36.6% (95%CI:33.7-39.6). the highest prevalence reported based on meta-analysis was reported in South America with 52.8% (95% CI:46.6-59), while only 15 studies were reviewed in this continent, most of which were in Brazil. Therefore, after the continent, the highest prevalence reported was reported in Africa with 46.8% (95% CI:39.5-54.3). Also, the lowest prevalence reported based on meta-analysis was in North America with 19.7% (95% CI:8.4-39.6) and Europe with 24.6% (95% CI:17.8-32.9).
CONCLUSION: This study revealed a high level of seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women worldwide. This value mostly depends on the individual's age, lifestyle, and disease awareness regarding toxoplasmosis in pregnant women. Thus, public awareness, along with comprehensive health programs regarding the detrimental effects of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women, seems necessary for prevention or even early diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women.
OBJECTIVE: This study explores the factors, characteristics, and effects of MAP changes caused by KOA, providing a neuromuscular-based causal analysis for the rehabilitation treatment of KOA.
METHODS: Keywords including the association of MAP with KOA will be included. "Knee, Osteoarthritis, Electromyography(EMG), Muscle Activity patterns, activation amplitudes, activation time, Muscle Synergy, Co-contraction/activation" were used to search the databases of Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Wiley. The criteria include studies from the past fifteen years that document changes in muscle contraction characteristics and causality analysis in patients with KOA. we compared MAP changes between individuals with and without KOA, such as the activation amplitudes, activation time, muscle synergy and co-contraction index(CCI). Additionally, we explored the potential relationship between muscle weakness, pain, and lower limb mechanical changes with the variations of MAP.
RESULTS: A total of 832 articles were reviewed, and 44 articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected for analysis. The changes in biomechanical structure, pain, and muscle atrophy may contribute to the formation and progression of the changes in MAP in KOA patients. In moderate KOA patients, the vastus lateralis (VL) and biceps femoris (BF) exhibits larger activation amplitudes, with earlier and longer activation times. The vastus medialis (VM) shows a delayed activation time relative to VL. Gastrocnemius activation time is prolonged during mid-gait, while the soleus exhibits lower activation amplitudes during the late stance phase. There are fewer, merged synergies with prolonged activation coefficients, and a higher percentage of unclassifiable synergies. Additionally, the CCI is positively correlated with task difficulty and symptoms. It is higher in the medial and lateral than hamstrings and quadriceps, and CCI specifically respond to joint stabilisation and load.
CONCLUSION: In patients with moderate KOA, changes in MAP are mainly related to symptoms and the difficulty of tasks. MAP changes primarily result in variations in amplitude, contraction duration, muscle synergy, and CCI. The MAP changes can subsequently affect the intermuscular structure, pain, joint loading, and stiffness.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: These contribute to the progression of KOA and create a vicious cycle that accelerates disease advancement. Clinical rehabilitation treatments can target the MAP changes to break the cycle and help mitigate disease progression.