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Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a web-based multinational cross-sectional study

Kajdy A 1 , Sys D 1 , Pokropek A 2 , Shaw SW 3 , Chang TY 4 , Calda P 5 Show all authors , Acharya G 6 , Ben-Zion M 7 , Biron-Shental T 7 , Borowski D 8 , Czuba B 9 , Etchegaray A 10 , Feduniw S 1 , Garcia-Mandujano R 11 , Santacruz MG 12 , Gil MM 13 , Hassan S 14 , Kwiatkowski S 15 , Martin-Arias A 13 , Martinez-Portilla RJ 16 , Prefumo F 17 , Rabijewski M 1 , Salomon LJ 18 , Tiller H 19 , Verlohren S 20 , Voon HY 21 , Yanque-Robles OF 22 , Yong SL 23 , Poon LC 24 , Mind-COVID Collaborative Team

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Reproductive Health, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
  • 2 Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
  • 3 Department of Obstetrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
  • 4 Department of Fetal Medicine, Taiji Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan
  • 5 Fetal Medicine Center, First Medical Faculty of the Charles University and General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
  • 6 Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  • 7 Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
  • 8 Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Perinatology, Gynacology and Gynecologic Oncology, Toruń, Poland
  • 9 Chair and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Poland
  • 10 Hospital Universitario Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • 11 Fetal Medicine Mexico A.C, Tabasco, Mexico
  • 12 Centro Hondureño De Medicina Fetal, Honduras
  • 13 Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, School of Medicine. Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
  • 14 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
  • 15 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
  • 16 Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
  • 17 Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy
  • 18 Médecine et Chirurgie Foetales, Maternité-Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université de Paris, France
  • 19 Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Institute of Clinical medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
  • 20 Department of Obstetrics, Medical School - Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
  • 21 Maternal Fetal Medicine Specialist, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
  • 22 Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru
  • 23 Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Malaysia
  • 24 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2023 Jan;160(1):167-186.
PMID: 35932096 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14388

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To assess risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic using Mind-COVID, a prospective cross-sectional study that compares outcomes in middle-income economies and high-income economies.

METHODS: A total of 7102 pregnant women from 12 high-income economies and nine middle-income economies were included. The web-based survey used two standardized instruments, General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).

RESULT: Pregnant women in high-income economies reported higher PHQ-9 (0.18 standard deviation [SD], P 

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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