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A new WHO bottle bioassay method to assess the susceptibility of mosquito vectors to public health insecticides: results from a WHO-coordinated multi-centre study

Corbel V 1 , Kont MD 2 , Ahumada ML 3 , Andréo L 4 , Bayili B 5 , Bayili K 5 Show all authors , Brooke B 6 , Pinto Caballero JA 7 , Lambert B 8 , Churcher TS 2 , Duchon S 4 , Etang J 9 , Flores AE 10 , Gunasekaran K 11 , Juntarajumnong W 12 , Kirby M 13 , Davies R 14 , Lees RS 14 , Lenhart A 15 , Lima JBP 16 , Martins AJ 16 , Müller P 17 , N'Guessan R 18 , Ngufor C 18 , Praulins G 14 , Quinones M 19 , Raghavendra K 20 , Verma V 20 , Rus AC 21 , Samuel M 6 , Ying KS 22 , Sungvornyothin S 23 , Uragayala S 24 , Velayudhan R 25 , Yadav RS 26

Affiliations 

  • 1 Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), MIVEGEC, CNRS, IRD, Université de Montpellier, 911 Av Agropolis, 34 394, Montpellier, France. Vincent.corbel@ird.fr
  • 2 MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (ICL), Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
  • 3 Grupo de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Avenida calle 26 No. 51-20-Zona 6 CAN, 111321, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
  • 4 Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), MIVEGEC, CNRS, IRD, Université de Montpellier, 911 Av Agropolis, 34 394, Montpellier, France
  • 5 Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), 399 Avenue de la liberte., 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
  • 6 Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases/NHLS and Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
  • 7 Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Entomología (LRNE), Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Av. Defensores del Morro 2268 (Ex Huaylas) Chorrillos, Lima 9-(511) 748-0000, Anexo 1548, Lima, Peru
  • 8 Department of Mathematics, University of Exeter, North Park Rd, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
  • 9 Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY)-Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), BP 288, Yaoundé, Cameroun
  • 10 Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Laboratorio de Entomologia Medica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Universidad S/N Ciudad Universitaria, 66455, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL, Mexico
  • 11 Indian Council of Medical Research-Vector Control Research Centre (VCRC), Indira Nagar, Puducherry, 605006, India
  • 12 Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University (KU), 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
  • 13 Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College-The Pan African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (KCMUCo-PAMVERC), Off Sokoine Road, PO Box 2228, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
  • 14 Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
  • 15 Entomology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
  • 16 Laboratório de Fisiologia E Controle de Artrópodes Vetores (Laficave), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
  • 17 Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Kreuzstrasse 2, 4312, Allschwil, Switzerland
  • 18 London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
  • 19 Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
  • 20 Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR), Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, India
  • 21 Vector Control Research Unit (VCRU), School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
  • 22 Environmental Health Institute (EHI), National Environmental Agency (NEA), 11 Biopolis Way, #06-05/08 Helios Block, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
  • 23 Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (MU), 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
  • 24 Field Unit, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR), Poojanahalli, Kannamangla Post, Devanahalli Taluk, Bengaluru, 562110, India
  • 25 Vector Control, Veterinary Public Health and Environment Unit, Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland
  • 26 Vector Control, Veterinary Public Health and Environment Unit, Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland. YadavRaj@who.int
Parasit Vectors, 2023 Jan 20;16(1):21.
PMID: 36670470 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05554-7

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The continued spread of insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors of malaria and arboviral diseases may lead to operational failure of insecticide-based interventions if resistance is not monitored and managed efficiently. This study aimed to develop and validate a new WHO glass bottle bioassay method as an alternative to the WHO standard insecticide tube test to monitor mosquito susceptibility to new public health insecticides with particular modes of action, physical properties or both.

METHODS: A multi-centre study involving 21 laboratories worldwide generated data on the susceptibility of seven mosquito species (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto [An. gambiae s.s.], Anopheles funestus, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles minimus and Anopheles albimanus) to seven public health insecticides in five classes, including pyrethroids (metofluthrin, prallethrin and transfluthrin), neonicotinoids (clothianidin), pyrroles (chlorfenapyr), juvenile hormone mimics (pyriproxyfen) and butenolides (flupyradifurone), in glass bottle assays. The data were analysed using a Bayesian binomial model to determine the concentration-response curves for each insecticide-species combination and to assess the within-bioassay variability in the susceptibility endpoints, namely the concentration that kills 50% and 99% of the test population (LC50 and LC99, respectively) and the concentration that inhibits oviposition of the test population by 50% and 99% (OI50 and OI99), to measure mortality and the sterilizing effect, respectively.

RESULTS: Overall, about 200,000 mosquitoes were tested with the new bottle bioassay, and LC50/LC99 or OI50/OI99 values were determined for all insecticides. Variation was seen between laboratories in estimates for some mosquito species-insecticide combinations, while other test results were consistent. The variation was generally greater with transfluthrin and flupyradifurone than with the other compounds tested, especially against Anopheles species. Overall, the mean within-bioassay variability in mortality and oviposition inhibition were

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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