Agarwood oil nanoemulsion counteracts LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages

Malik R 1 , Paudel KR 2 , Manandhar B 3 , De Rubis G 3 , Shen J 4 , Mujwar S 5 Show all authors , Singh TG 5 , Singh SK 6 , Gupta G 7 , Adams J 8 , MacLoughlin R 9 , Oliver BGG 10 , Hansbro PM 2 , Chellappan DK 11 , Dua K 12

Affiliations 

  • 1 Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
  • 2 Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney 2007, Australia
  • 3 Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
  • 4 De'Aurora Pty Ltd., Dean, VIC 3363, Australia
  • 5 Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
  • 6 Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
  • 7 Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
  • 8 Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
  • 9 IDA Business Park, H91 HE94 Galway, Connacht, Ireland; School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Leinster, Ireland; School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, D02 PN40 Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
  • 10 School of Life Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
  • 11 Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia. Electronic address: dinesh_kumar@imu.edu.my
  • 12 Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia. Electronic address: kamal.dua@uts.edu.au
Pathol Res Pract, 2023 Nov;251:154895.
PMID: 37879146 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154895

Abstract

PURPOSE: Oxidative stress and inflammation are key pathophysiological features of chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Agarwood oil obtained from Aquilaria trees has promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its clinical application is hampered by poor solubility. A viable approach to overcome this involves formulation of oily constituents into emulsions. Here, we have investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of an agarwood oil-based nanoemulsion (DE'RAAQSIN) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 mouse macrophages in vitro.

METHODS: The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of DE'RAAQSIN was assessed by measuring the levels of ROS and nitric oxide (NO) produced, using the DCF-DA assay and the Griess reagent assay, respectively. The molecular pathways activated by DE'RAAQSIN were investigated via qPCR.

RESULTS: LPS stimulation of RAW264.7 cells increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and ROS and resulted in the overexpression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene. Furthermore, LPS induced the upregulation of the expression of key proinflammatory genes (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and CXCL1) and of the antioxidant gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). DE'RAAQSIN demonstrated potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity by significantly reducing the levels of ROS and of secreted NO, simultaneously counteracting the LPS-induced overexpression of iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and HO-1. These findings were corroborated by in silico activity prediction and physicochemical analysis of the main agarwood oil components.

CONCLUSIONS: We propose DE'RAAQSIN as a promising alternative managing inflammatory disorders, opening the platform for further studies aimed at understanding the effectiveness of DE'RAAQSIN.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

MeSH terms
Similar publications