Expansion and systematics redefinition of the most threatened freshwater mussel family, the Margaritiferidae

Lopes-Lima M 1 , Bolotov IN 2 , Do VT 3 , Aldridge DC 4 , Fonseca MM 5 , Gan HM 6 Show all authors , Gofarov MY 2 , Kondakov AV 2 , Prié V 7 , Sousa R 8 , Varandas S 9 , Vikhrev IV 2 , Teixeira A 10 , Wu RW 11 , Wu X 11 , Zieritz A 12 , Froufe E 5 , Bogan AE 13

Affiliations 

  • 1 CIBIO/InBIO - Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; SSC/IUCN - Mollusc Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission, International Union for Conservation of Nature, c/o The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, CB2 3QZ Cambridge, United Kingdom. Electronic address: manuelpmlopeslima@gmail.com
  • 2 IBIGER - Institute of Biogeography and Genetic Resources, Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Severnaya Dvina Emb. 23, 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation; Northern Arctic Federal University, Severnaya Dvina Emb. 17, 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
  • 3 Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Environment, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
  • 4 Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QY, United Kingdom
  • 5 CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
  • 6 Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220 Victoria, Australia
  • 7 Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP26, F-75005 Paris, France
  • 8 CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
  • 9 CITAB/UTAD - Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Forestry Department, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
  • 10 CIMO-ESA-IPB - Mountain Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-854 Bragança, Portugal
  • 11 School of Life Sciences, Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China
  • 12 School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Malaysia
  • 13 Research Laboratory, North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences, MSC 1626, Raleigh, NC 27699-1626, United States
Mol Phylogenet Evol, 2018 10;127:98-118.
PMID: 29729933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.04.041

Abstract

Two Unionida (freshwater mussel) families are present in the Northern Hemisphere; the Margaritiferidae, representing the most threatened of unionid families, and the Unionidae, which include several genera of unresolved taxonomic placement. The recent reassignment of the poorly studied Lamprotula rochechouartii from the Unionidae to the Margaritiferidae motivated a new search for other potential species of margaritiferids from members of Gibbosula and Lamprotula. Based on molecular and morphological analyses conducted on newly collected specimens from Vietnam, we here assign Gibbosula crassa to the Margaritiferidae. Additionally, we reanalyzed all diagnostic characteristics of the Margaritiferidae and examined museum specimens of Lamprotula and Gibbosula. As a result, two additional species are also moved to the Margaritiferidae, i.e. Gibbosula confragosa and Gibbosula polysticta. We performed a robust five marker phylogeny with all available margaritiferid species and discuss the taxonomy within the family. The present phylogeny reveals the division of Margaritiferidae into four ancient clades with distinct morphological, biogeographical and ecological characteristics that justify the division of the Margaritiferidae into two subfamilies (Gibbosulinae and Margaritiferinae) and four genera (Gibbosula, Cumberlandia, Margaritifera, and Pseudunio). The systematics of the Margaritiferidae family is re-defined as well as their distribution, potential origin and main biogeographic patterns.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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