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The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression within front-line healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-regression

Salari N 1 , Khazaie H 2 , Hosseinian-Far A 3 , Khaledi-Paveh B 2 , Kazeminia M 4 , Mohammadi M 5 Show all authors , Shohaimi S 6 , Daneshkhah A 7 , Eskandari S 2

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 2 Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 3 Department of Business Systems & Operations, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK
  • 4 Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. mohsenkaz221@gmail.com
  • 5 Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Masoud.mohammadi1989@yahoo.com
  • 6 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 7 School of Computing, Electronics and Maths, Coventry University, London, UK
Hum Resour Health, 2020 12 17;18(1):100.
PMID: 33334335 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-020-00544-1

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Stress, anxiety, and depression are some of the most important research and practice challenges for psychologists, psychiatrists, and behavioral scientists. Due to the importance of issue and the lack of general statistics on these disorders among the Hospital staff treating the COVID-19 patients, this study aims to systematically review and determine the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression within front-line healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.

METHODS: In this research work, the systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression approaches are used to approximate the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression within front-line healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients. The keywords of prevalence, anxiety, stress, depression, psychopathy, mental illness, mental disorder, doctor, physician, nurse, hospital staff, 2019-nCoV, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 and Coronaviruses were used for searching the SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, ScienceDirect, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (ISI) and Google Scholar databases. The search process was conducted in December 2019 to June 2020. In order to amalgamate and analyze the reported results within the collected studies, the random effects model is used. The heterogeneity of the studies is assessed using the I2 index. Lastly, the data analysis is performed within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.

RESULTS: Of the 29 studies with a total sample size of 22,380, 21 papers have reported the prevalence of depression, 23 have reported the prevalence of anxiety, and 9 studies have reported the prevalence of stress. The prevalence of depression is 24.3% (18% CI 18.2-31.6%), the prevalence of anxiety is 25.8% (95% CI 20.5-31.9%), and the prevalence of stress is 45% (95% CI 24.3-67.5%) among the hospitals' Hospital staff caring for the COVID-19 patients. According to the results of meta-regression analysis, with increasing the sample size, the prevalence of depression and anxiety decreased, and this was statistically significant (P 

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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