CNT and rGO reinforced PMMA based bone cement for fixation of load bearing implants: Mechanical property and biological response

Pahlevanzadeh F 1 , Bakhsheshi-Rad HR 2 , Kharaziha M 3 , Kasiri-Asgarani M 4 , Omidi M 4 , Razzaghi M 4 Show all authors , Ismail AF 5 , Sharif S 6 , RamaKrishna S 7 , Berto F 8

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Tissue Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
  • 2 Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran; Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Electronic address: rezabakhsheshi@pmt.iaun.ac.ir
  • 3 Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
  • 4 Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
  • 5 Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • 6 Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • 7 Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 1157, Singapore
  • 8 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: filippo.berto@ntnu.no
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2021 04;116:104320.
PMID: 33571842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104320

Abstract

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cements (BCs) have some drawbacks, including limited bioactivity and bone formation, as well as inferior mechanical properties, which may result in failure of the BC. To deal with the mentioned issues, novel bioactive polymethyl methacrylate-hardystonite (PMMA-HT) bone cement (BC) reinforced with 0.25 and 0.5 wt% of carbon nanotube (CNT) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized. In this context, the obtained bone cements were evaluated in terms of their mechanical and biological characteristics. The rGO reinforced bone cement exhibited better mechanical properties to the extent that the addition of 0.5 wt% of rGO where its compressive and tensile strength of bioactive PMMA-HT/rGO cement escalated from 92.07 ± 0.72 MPa, and 40.02 ± 0.71 MPa to 187.48 ± 5.79 MPa and 64.92 ± 0.75 MPa, respectively. Besides, the mechanisms of toughening, apatite formation, and cell interaction in CNT and rGO encapsulated PMMA have been studied. Results showed that the existence of CNT and rGO in BCs led to increase of MG63 osteoblast viability, and proliferation. However, rGO reinforced bone cement was more successful in supporting MG63 cell attachment compared to the CNT counterpart due to its wrinkled surface, which made a suitable substrate for cell adhesion. Based on the results, PMMA-HT/rGO can be a proper bone cement for the fixation of load-bearing implants.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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