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Tuning the optical band gap of DH6T by Alq3 dopant

Fahmi Fariq Muhammad, Khaulah Sulaiman

Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40.

Dihexyl-sexithiophene (DH6T) was doped with tris (8-hydroxyquinolinate) aluminum (Alq3) to prepare blends of DH6T/ Alq3 by dissolving the mixture in the chloroform/hexane co-solvent. Solid films with different thickness deposited on quartz substrates were obtained from the blends via casting process. Optical absorption spectroscopy has been performed to measure the optical band gap of pure and doped DH6T as well as variations in the band gap with dopant concentration (weight %). This variation in optical band gap with dopant concentration was determined quantitatively with fitted and extrapolated techniques and observed qualitatively from the red shift appeared along the optical absorption spectra. The results showed that within a specific dopant content, the optical energy gap, Eg of DH6T decreases from 2.69 eV to 1.8 eV with increasing dopant concentration to 23.1%.
Structural, magnetic and electrical properties of barium titanate and magnesium ferrite composites

Mohamad Fahmi Amin, Zalita Zainuddin

Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:967-963.

Structural, magnetic and electrical characteristics of multiferroics (1-x)BaTiO3-xMgFe2O4 composites with weight fractions of x = 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 are reported. MgFe2O4 powders were prepared using sol-gel auto combustion technique. It was combined with commercial BaTiO3 to form composites by using wet milling solid state reaction technique. Formation of tetragonal perovskite for the ferroelectric BaTiO3 and cubic spinel for the ferrimagnetic MgFe2O4 phases, were identified from the XRD pattern. The average grain size for each composite was about 0.5 μm. The M-H loop showed soft ferrimagnetic properties due to the presence of MgFe2O4 in the composites. The increment of the MgFe2O4 weight fraction increased the saturation magnetization and slightly changed the coercive field. The complex impedance plot can be represented by a parallel R and C circuit. Composite sample with x = 0.5 has the highest resistance with lowest capacitance and dielectric constant value at room temperature. The dielectric constant showed a very strong dispersion at low frequencies, due to the Maxwell-Wagner mechanism and a slight dispersion at higher frequencies. Based on the results obtained, all of the composite samples exhibited high dielectric constant and tangent loss at the low frequency range.
Fulltext Laser versus dissection technique of tonsillectomy

Wan Ishlah L, Fahmi AM, Srinovianti N

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Mar;60(1):76-80.
PMID: 16250284

Tonsillectomy is the single most common operation performed in Ear Nose and Throat Department. Various methods of tonsillectomy have been practiced over the century aimed at reducing or eliminating intraoperative and postoperative morbidity. Due to various blood supplies received, intraoperative bleeding is the most difficult problem and securing it is time-consuming. The time taken to control the bleeding would invariably determine the length of operation. Common postoperative complications are bleeding and pain. This study evaluated the operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain and other postoperative complications of tonsillectomy performed by laser as compared to conventional dissection technique. This is a prospective randomized study whereby sixty patients were divided into two groups of equal number. In one group, the tonsillectomy performed by laser and in the other group the tonsillectomy performed by conventional dissection technique. Operative time and amount of blood loss is significantly reduced in the laser group. Total postoperative pain and post operative complications were not significantly different between the two groups. Tonsillectomy by using laser have shown less intraoperative bleeding and shortened the operative time. In the hospital where laser machine and expertise are available, it is justifiable to use this technique as effective method of performing tonsillectomy.
Fulltext Concept the greatness of Al-Quran as a constitution of life and its manifestation towards mercy for all nature

Muhammad Fahmi Md Ramzan, Nurfarhana Mohd Daud

Borneo Akademika, 2019;3(2):23-30.
MyJurnal
Fulltext Surgical Challenges in Management of Transected Pancreatic Duct in Blunt Trauma

Fahmi I, Zailani M, Nik H

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2019;18(101):16-0.
MyJurnal

Isolated blunt pancreatic injury with ductal involvement is rare following a motor vehicle collision, but correlates with significant morbidity and mortality. We reported a15-year-old male who presented to emergency department after sustained motor vehicle collision. Post trauma, he appeared drowsy but hemodynamically stable. Abdominal examination was unremarkable but FAST scan was positive and he was subjected for CECT abdomen and showed pancreatic laceration at the body with suspicious of pancreatic ductinjury. He was planned for emergency exploratory laparotomy and intra-operatively noted pancreatic head laceration with transected pancreatic duct. The case proceeded with ligation of pancreatic duct cephalic stump, and distal pancreaticogastrostomy. Postoperatively, the patient recovered well and he was discharged home on day 6 post operatively. Upon follow up visit, he was asymptomatic with repeated ultrasonography of abdomen showed no evidence of intra-abdominal collection. Discussion: Pancreatic injuries with ductal disruption are of special significance. Apart from bleeding, the leak of enzyme rich of pancreatic juice incites vigorous inflammatory cascade that lead to catastrophic changes in patient metabolism and its sequelae including pancreatic necrosis, peripancreatic abscess, pseudocyst, enteric fistulae and organ failures. In a hemodynamically stable patient, CECT abdomen is the investigation of choice to detect pancreatic duct involvement. Pancreatic injury with ductal involvement require surgical management to prevent the complication of pancreatic enzyme leak. Non operative measure is found to be useful in selected patient. The criteria for non-operative group are stable hemodynamically, a controlled leak wall off like pseudocyst, absent associated injury or pancreatic necrosis. Non-operative strategy requires multidisciplinary involvement with excellent nutritional support, expert endoscopist and interventional radiologist.
Editorial: Advances in drainage system management and development

Ridwan FM, Shao W

Water Sci Technol, 2023 Apr;87(7):iii.
PMID: 37051783 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.080
Fulltext Explorative Xylitol Detection from Lignocellulosic Biomass Fermentation of Coconut Husk Using HPLC C18 Column

Mariam-Aisha Fatima, Muhammad Fahmi Mehdin, Nurain Nasrudin, Neelam Shahab

Journal of Management & Science, 2018;16(2):29-38.
MyJurnal

Lignocellulosic biomass, found in wooden plant husks is a potent renewable material source which can be utilised to form various chemicals and biomaterials including polyols such as xylitol. Xylitol has been used commercially as an alternative to sucrose in many products as bulk sweetener in non-cariogenic confectionery as well as in diabetic diets and solutions for parenteral nutrition. Therefore, this study aims to optimise separation parameters of the Shimadzu high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Model No: LC-20A) and quantify the potential of coconut husk as substrate for Candida albicans in producing xylitol using HPLC. Pretreatment to depolymerise components of biomass i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were done using dilute acid hydrolysis method which yielded fermentable reducing sugars, xylose. Xylose is a monosaccharide with an aldehyde functional group, a reducing sugar which is then utilised and fermented by the yeast Candida albicans to form xylitol. In this study, the media used for fermenting pretreated coconut husk and Candida albicans is a synthetic defined (SD) minimal broth. Growth curves against concentration of reducing sugar were plotted to determine utilisation and production trends with specific mixes of carbon sources. The presence of reducing sugars were tested using 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) assay in pretreated coconut husk yielded 13.22 g/L. In order to analyse the product with HPLC, an existing protocol is modified for Hypersil GOLD™ C18 column with acetonitrile as the mobile phase. Results obtained from HPLC analyses using developed protocol suggested the formation of xylitol from the fermentation of pretreated husk by Candida albicans. These can be followed by purification of fermented media in obtaining a better separation of contaminating peaks.
Fulltext Yield improvement study on a reduced size blank metal sheet for stamping product

Izwan Hamid, Sharuddin Mohd Dahuri, Syed Fahmi Syed Putra

Journal of Engineering and Science Research, 2018;2(5):44-48.
MyJurnal

This paper is about the reduction of the overall size of metal blanking sheet that is being used to form a stamping product or car body panel of a car manufacturer in Malaysia. The current blanking sheet produces extra waste which will be recycled and does not contribute to increase productivity but increases inventory cost. The reduction in the blanking sheet size will lead to the reduction of raw material hence reduced the production cost. However, the reduced size of blanking sheet could affect the yield strength of the product. The study of the yield strength and yield improvement of the product are done by simulating stress analysis by using CATIA software. The results show that the new proposed size of the metal blanking sheet provides accuracy of the product dimension as well as maintaining the yield strength of the product and it reduced a significant amount of metal scrap which is nearly 4% of material weight and save around 10% of inventory cost.
Fulltext Development and validation of website on nutrition for premature baby

Sharifah Izzatul Syahirah Syed Rahmad, Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi Teng

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(4):218-225.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Proper nutrition for premature babies is vital for optimal growth. However, a lack of confidence and knowledge among parents causes them to search for online information which may sometimes be misleading or un- reliable. The primary objective of this study is to develop a validated website as an educational tool for parents about nutrition for premature babies. Methods: This study was conducted by referring to the Waterfall Software Develop- ment Life Cycle (SDLC) model, which consists of five main stages. Stages one to three are related to the development of the website, namely, the requirements stage, design stage and implementation stage. This is then followed by a testing stage where 11 expert panels evaluated the content and face validity of the website. The final stage is the main- tenance stage. Results: The website was developed with nine topics. The value of Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI) for every item exceeded the minimum value of I-CVI (0.78), the value of the content validity index by scale, average (S-CVI/Ave) is 0.98, and the content validity index by scale, universal agreement (S-CVI/UA) is 0.83. Both S-CVIs have exceeded the minimum value, which is 0.90 and 0.80 respectively. The value of Krippendorff's Alpha (Kalpha) for the overall section of face validity is 0.53, which does not achieve the minimum acceptable value of Kalpha (0.67). Conclusion: The content validation has high agreement among the expert panels. However, the interphase, layout, and design of the website need to be improvised.
Pelancongan islam di Pulau Besar, Melaka: potensi dan cabaran

Khairul Azhar Meerangani, Mohammad Fahmi Abdul Hamid, Syafiq Akmal Sazali

Journal of Hospitality and Networks, 2020;2020(1):1-6.
MyJurnal

Penubuhan Islamic Tourism Centre (ITC) pada tahun 2009 di bawah kendalian Kementerian Pelancongan telah merancakkan lagi pelancongan Islam di Malaysia. Organisasi ini bertanggungjawab membangun dan mempromosikan produk-produk pelancongan Islam di Malaysia kepada pelancong luar. Ini kerana Malaysia merupakan antara tumpuan utama yang menjadi destinasi pilihan hampir 25% pengunjung daripada keseluruhan pelancong Muslim di serata dunia. Pulau Besar merupakan antara lokasi tumpuan di Melaka yang banyak dikaitkan dengan kisah mistik dan lagenda. Para pelancong dari dalam dan luar negara sering melawati pulau ini atas pelbagai tujuan dan keperluan. Kajian ini bertujuan menilai potensi dan cabaran Pulau Besar sebagai salah satu lokasi tumpuan pelancongan Islam khususnya di Melaka. Kajian dijalankan secara kualitatif menerusi sumber primer dan sumber sekunder yang dianalisis secara induktif. Keindahan alam semula jadi dan kewujudan makam para ulama Nusantara yang masyhur seperti Syeikh Ismail, Syeikh Ibrahim dan Syeikh Yusuf telah menjadi tarikan para pelancong khususnya dari rantau Asia Tenggara. Namun, amalan-amalan khurafat yang masih berleluasa terutamanya di beberapa lokasi ‘keramat’ perlu diberi perhatian bagi memastikan potensi pulau ini sebagai salah satu hub pelancongan Islam berjaya direalisasikan.
Fulltext Facilitators and barriers to Sunnah eating practices among overweight middle-aged Muslim women

Nashrah Adilah Ismail, Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi Teng

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(113):35-36.
MyJurnal

Sunnah eating practices (SEP) as guided by the Prophet Muhammad contains an element of healthy eating practices. This study assessed the facilitators and barriers towards SEP among overweight middle-aged Muslim women. A total of 22 participants were recruited through purposive sampling technique and were interviewed face-to-face using a semi-structured interview guide. The major facilitators of SEP are health status, awareness, observed Sunnah practice and culture. Meanwhile, the major barriers are time constraints, outside foods, preferences and culture. Overall, the facilitators and barriers to SEP were much influenced by several factors including family, environment and education.
Fulltext Reproducibility and effect of delayed readout on LiF: Mg, Ti TLD treated with different preheat time techniques: a glow curve study

M. Fahmi M. Yusof, Nornashriah A. Rashid, Reduan Abdullah

Jurnal Sains Nuklear Malaysia, 2013;25(1):35-44.
MyJurnal

The glow curve in TLD-100 was compared by applying long preheat time, short preheat time
techniques and without preheat technique before the TLD readout. Fading effect of the TLD signal
upon certain storage time with long preheat time (100°C, 10 minutes using the oven) and short
preheat time techniques (100°C, 10 seconds using the reader) were also studied. 15 TLD-100 chips
were used with 3 of the TLD chips were used for measuring background radiation. 12 TLD chips
were annealed, irradiated, preheated long and short preheat time techniques) and analyzed. The TL
signals output from TLD chips of without preheated were used as the control. Two sets of data were
taken using TLD chips irradiated with 6 MV and 10 MV photon beams. TL signal output was
recorded the highest for short preheat time, followed by long preheat time and no preheating. The
TL signal loss upon certain storage time was also reduced when short preheat time technique was
applied. By applying long preheat time technique the low temperature peak in the glow curve was
completely removed for both energies. Whereas, TLD chips exposed to 6 MV and with short preheat
time technique the low temperature peak did not disappear completely but decreased in intensity as
compared to the control data by 19.80%, 37.69%, 48.19% and 100% at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours
after exposure prior to readout, respectively. Meanwhile, for 10 MV photon beam with short
preheat time, the small peak intensity was reduced by 19.58% for readout at 24 hours after
irradiation and 100% for 48,72 and 96 hours delayed time prior to readout. It was observed that
the TLD-100 was highly dependent on preheat heating time before readout. Short preheat time
technique was able to reduce post irradiation fading of TLD-100 dosimeters
Fulltext The effectiveness of Hyoscine-N-Butylbromide (Buscopan) in reducing physiological bowel uptake in 18F-FDG PET/CT

Mohd Fahmi Shukur Ramli, Fadzilah Hamzah, Muhamad Zabidi Ahmad

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(201):1-7.
MyJurnal

Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT) was introduced over four decades ago as an imaging tool to evaluate functional and anatomical aspects of disease such as malignancy. Besides pathological uptake, PET-CT also shows physiological uptake, especially in the gastrointestinal system, thus impacting diagnostic accuracy in these cases. There are many conditions that can attribute to increasing physiological uptake in PET-CT including microbial activity and drugs. Therefore, certain anti-spasmodic agents have been introduced to help reduce physiological uptake during scanning such as Hyoscine-n-butylbromide (Buscopan). This study aims to establish its effectiveness in reducing physiological bowel uptake on 18F-FDG PET-CT scan. Methods: 133 subjects were recruited in random for this study and divided into hyoscine (68 subjects) and control groups (65 subjects), respectively. Subjects in control group not given any anti-spasmodic medications and both groups received intravenous 18F-FDG according to body weight. PET-CT scan and images were interpreted by experienced nuclear medicine physician who scored the images according to the degree of bowel uptake and difficulty of image interpretation. Results: There were no statistical difference in bowel uptake based on SUV mean of the bowel and bowel-to-liver ratio between hyoscine and control groups. Conclusion: There was no significant effect of Hyoscine-n-butylbromide in reducing physiological bowel uptake in PET-CT scan.
Authors' Response

Abdullah AF, Chang KH

J Forensic Sci, 2016 09;61(5):1411-2.
PMID: 27621078 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13166
Reliability of postural measures in elite badminton players using Posture Pro 8

Hébert-Losier K, Abd Rahman F

Physiother Theory Pract, 2018 Jun;34(6):483-494.
PMID: 29281461 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2017.1420117

The Posture Pro software is used for photogrammetry assessment of posture and has been commercially available for several years. Along with symmetry-related measures, a Posture Number® is calculated to reflect the sum of postural deviations. Our aim was to investigate the intra- and inter-rater reliability of measures extracted using the Posture Pro 8 software without using reference markers on subjects. Four raters assessed the standing posture of 40 badminton players (20 males, 20 females) from anterior, lateral, and posterior photographs. Thirty-three postural measures were extracted using visual landmarks as guide. Reliability was quantified using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and typical error of measurement (TEM). Overall, the intra-rater reliability was considered good to excellent for nearly all measures. However, only two measures had excellent inter-rater reliability, with 13 and 18 measures exhibiting good and fair inter-rater reliability, respectively. Posture Pro specific measures (n = 9) exhibited good-to-excellent intra-rater and fair-to-excellent inter-rater reliability, with small-to-moderate and small-to-large TEM, respectively. Overall, the Posture Pro 8 software can be considered a reliable tool for assessing a range of posture-relevant measures from photographs, particularly when performed by the same examiner. The Posture Number® demonstrated generally acceptable intra- and inter-rater reliability. Nonetheless, investigations on the validity, sensitivity, and interpretation of this measure are essential to confirm its clinical relevance.
Fulltext Immunomodulatory effect of an isolated fraction from Tinospora crispa on intracellular expression of INF-γ, IL-6 and IL-8

Abood WN, Fahmi I, Abdulla MA, Ismail S

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2014;14:205.
PMID: 24969238 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-205

Immunomodulators are substances that modify immune system response to a threat. Immunomodulators modulate and potentiate the immune system, keeping it highly prepared for any threat. The immunomodulatory effect of the traditional medicine Tinospora crispa is investigated in this work.
Fulltext Emergent Caesarean section in parturient with congenital complete atrioventricular block

Azarisman S, Fahmi L, Huda AN, Azam Y

JRSM Short Rep, 2010;1(6):50.
PMID: 21234113 DOI: 10.1258/shorts.2010.010033
The synthesis of hydroxyapatite through the precipitation method

Shah RK, Fahmi MN, Mat AH, Zainal AA

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:75-6.
PMID: 15468826

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been earmarked as suitable for implantation within the human of its chemical makeup to human bone. In this paper, HA powders were synthesized via the precipitation method where phosphoric acid (H3PO4) was titrated into calcium hydroxide solution [Ca(OH)2]. Two parameters such as temperature and stirring rate were identified as factors that influenced the amount and purity of HA powder. Phase identification of the synthesized powder was done using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results show that HA phase can be synthesized from this titration process of Ca(OH)2 and H3PO4 with yield amount of HA powder around 45 - 61 grams but with less than hundred percent purity. In order to study the effect of heat treatment to HA crystals structure, HA powder was calcined at 850 degrees C for 2 hours. It's found that the degree of crystallinity increases after calcination because of lattice expansion when the materials were heated at higher temperature
Fulltext Bioavailability and leaching of Cd and Pb from contaminated soil amended with different sizes of biochar

Fahmi AH, Samsuri AW, Jol H, Singh D

R Soc Open Sci, 2018 Nov;5(11):181328.
PMID: 30564418 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181328

Biochars have been successfully used to reduce bioavailability and leaching of heavy metals in contaminated soils. The efficiency of biochar to immobilize heavy metals can be increased by reducing the particle size, which can increase the surface area and the cation exchange capacity (CEC). In this study, the empty fruit bunch biochar (EFBB) of oil palm was separated into two particle sizes, namely, fine (F-EFBB < 50 µm) and coarse (C-EFBB > 2 mm), to treat the contaminated soil with Cd and Pb. Results revealed that the addition of C-EFBB and F-EFBB increased the pH, electrical conductivity and CEC of the contaminated soil. The amounts of synthetic rainwater extractable and leachable Cd and Pb significantly decreased with the EFBB application. The lowest extractable and leachable Cd and Pb were observed from 1% F-EFBB-treated soil. The amount of extractable and leachable Cd and Pb decreased with increasing incubation times and leaching cycles. The application of F-EFBB to Cd and Pb-contaminated soil can immobilize the heavy metals more than that of C-EFBB. Therefore, the EFBB can be recommended for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils, and a finer particle size can be applied at a lower application rate than the coarser biochar to achieve these goals.
Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index is comparable to the mini nutritional assessment for assessing nutritional status in elderly hospitalized patients

Abd Aziz NAS, Mohd Fahmi Teng NI, Kamarul Zaman M

Clin Nutr ESPEN, 2019 02;29:77-85.
PMID: 30661705 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.12.002

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Malnutrition is common among hospitalized elderly patients, and the prevalence is increasing not only in Malaysia but also in the rest of the world. The Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index (GNRI) and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) were developed to identify malnourished individuals among this group. The MNA was validated as a nutritional assessment tool for the elderly. The GNRI is simpler and more efficient than the MNA, but studies on the use of the GNRI and its validity among the Malaysian population are absent. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malnourished hospitalized elderly patients and assess the criterion validity of the GNRI and MNA among the geriatric Malaysian population against the reference standard for malnutrition, the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), and determine whether the optimal cutoff value of the GNRI is suitable for the Malaysian population and determine the optimal tool for use in this population.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 134 geriatric patients with a mean age of 68.9 ± 8.4 who stayed at acute care wards in Hospital Tuanku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang from July 2017 to August 2017. The SGA, MNA, and GNRI were administered through face-to-face interviews with all the participants who gave their consent. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the GNRI and MNA were analyzed against the SGA. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to obtain the area under the curve (AUC) and suitable optimal cutoff values for both the GNRI and MNA.
RESULTS: According to the SGA, MNA, and GNRI, 26.9%, 42.5%, and 44.0% of the participants were malnourished, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for the GNRI were 0.622, 0.977, 0.982, and 0.558, respectively, while those for the MNA were 0.611, 0.909, 0.932, and 0.533, respectively. The AUC of the GNRI was comparable to that of the MNA (0.831 and 0.898, respectively). Moreover, the optimal malnutrition cutoff value for the GNRI was 94.95.
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of malnutrition remains high among hospitalized elderly patients. Validity of the GNRI is comparable to that of the MNA, and use of the GNRI to assess the nutritional status of this group is proposed with the new suggested cutoff value (GNRI ≤ 94.95), as it is simpler and more efficient. Underdiagnosis of malnutrition can be prevented, possibly reducing the prevalence of malnourished hospitalized elderly patients and improving the quality of the nutritional care process practiced in Malaysia.

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