Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 67 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Fulltext Acanthomatous ameloblastoma in anterior mandibular region of a young patient: A rare case report
    Ugrappa S, Jain A, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S
    Ann Afr Med, 2017 Apr-Jun;16(2):85-89.
    PMID: 28469123 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_51_16
    Ameloblastoma is the most known of the epithelial odontogenic benign tumor. It is slow growing and locally aggressive in nature and most commonly seen in the posterior mandible. Various histopathological variants exist, among which acanthomatous type of ameloblastoma is one of the rarest types. Acanthomatous ameloblastoma is usually seen in older aged human population and most commonly reported in canine region of dogs in literature. Here, we report a rare case of acanthomatous ameloblastoma in a young male patient involving mandibular anterior region crossing the midline with recurrence over a period of 2 years of follow-up after surgical resection.
  2. Design and synthesis of newer 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole based Topsentin analogues as anti-proliferative agent targeting tubulin
    Naaz F, Ahmad F, Lone BA, Pokharel YR, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S, et al.
    Bioorg Chem, 2020 01;95:103519.
    PMID: 31884140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103519
    A set of two series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole (11a-n) and 1,2,4-Triazole (12a, c, e, g, h, j-n) based topsentin analogues were prepared by replacing imizadole moiety of topsentin through a multistep synthesis starting from indole. All the compounds synthesized were submitted for single dose (10 µM) screening against a NCI panel of 60-human cancer cell lines. Among all cancer cell lines, colon (HCC-2998) and Breast (MCF-7, T-47D) cancer cell lines were found to be more susceptible for this class of compounds. Among the compounds tested, compounds 11a, 11d, 11f, 12e and 12h, were exhibited good anti-proliferative activity against various cancer cell lines. Compounds 11d, 12e and 12h demonstrated better activity with IC50 2.42 µM, 3.06 µM, and 3.30 µM respectively against MCF-7 human cancer cell line than that of the standard drug doxorubicin IC50 6.31 µM. Furthermore, 11d induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and also disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential with reducing cell migration potential of MCF-7 cells in dose dependent manner. In vitro microtubule polymerization assays found that compound 11d disrupt tubulin dynamics by inhibiting tubulin polymerization with IC50 3.89 μM compared with standard nocodazole (IC50 2.49 μM). In silico docking studies represented that 11d was binding at colchicine binding site of β-tubulin. Compound 11d emerged as lead molecule from the library of compounds tested and this may serve as a template for further drug discovery.
  3. Fulltext Natural Bioactive Thiazole-Based Peptides from Marine Resources: Structural and Pharmacological Aspects
    Dahiya R, Dahiya S, Fuloria NK, Kumar S, Mourya R, Chennupati SV, et al.
    Mar Drugs, 2020 Jun 24;18(6).
    PMID: 32599909 DOI: 10.3390/md18060329
    Peptides are distinctive biomacromolecules that demonstrate potential cytotoxicity and diversified bioactivities against a variety of microorganisms including bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi via their unique mechanisms of action. Among broad-ranging pharmacologically active peptides, natural marine-originated thiazole-based oligopeptides possess peculiar structural features along with a wide spectrum of exceptional and potent bioproperties. Because of their complex nature and size divergence, thiazole-based peptides (TBPs) bestow a pivotal chemical platform in drug discovery processes to generate competent scaffolds for regulating allosteric binding sites and peptide-peptide interactions. The present study dissertates on the natural reservoirs and exclusive structural components of marine-originated TBPs, with a special focus on their most pertinent pharmacological profiles, which may impart vital resources for the development of novel peptide-based therapeutic agents.
  4. Impact of COVID-19 in public health: Prevalence and preventive approaches
    Subramaniyan V, Chakravarthi S, Seng WY, Kayarohanam S, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2020 Jul;33(4):1739-1745.
    PMID: 33583811
    The outbreak of CoVID-19 infection rapidly increases worldwide. Most of the continents affecting from CoVID-19 and still widening its burden disease (Jones DS, 2020; Lai et al., 2020). Along with its fatality rates, CoVID-19 has caused physiological disturbances in the society and termed as "coronophobia". CoVID-19 with renal failure, severe pneumonia and respiratory syndrome patients have been reported to increase the severity of disease conditions (Sevim et al., 2020). Also, CoVID-19 with cancer patients increase the higher risk of infections. Currently, there is no vaccine or specific treatment against CoVID-19 and drug research centres continuously investigating the potential drug against CoVID-19 (Osama and Amer, 2020). For the past 20 years two major coronavirus epidemics have occurred in public includes SARS-CoV approximately 8000 cases and 800 deaths and MERS-CoV 2,500 cases and 800 deaths and these continuing sporadically (Cascella et al., 2020).
  5. Fulltext A Comprehensive Review on Source, Types, Effects, Nanotechnology, Detection, and Therapeutic Management of Reactive Carbonyl Species Associated with Various Chronic Diseases
    Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Karupiah S, Kumari U, Sathasivam K, Meenakshi DU, et al.
    Antioxidants (Basel), 2020 Nov 02;9(11).
    PMID: 33147856 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111075
    Continuous oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids generate extremely reactive carbonyl species (RCS). Human body comprises some important RCS namely hexanal, acrolein, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, methylglyoxal, malondialdehyde, isolevuglandins, and 4-oxo-2- nonenal etc. These RCS damage important cellular components including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which manifests cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, multitude of adducts and crosslinks that are connected to ageing and various chronic diseases like inflammatory disease, atherosclerosis, cerebral ischemia, diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular disease. The constant prevalence of RCS in living cells suggests their importance in signal transduction and gene expression. Extensive knowledge of RCS properties, metabolism and relation with metabolic diseases would assist in development of effective approach to prevent numerous chronic diseases. Treatment approaches for RCS associated diseases involve endogenous RCS metabolizers, carbonyl metabolizing enzyme inducers, and RCS scavengers. Limited bioavailability and bio efficacy of RCS sequesters suggest importance of nanoparticles and nanocarriers. Identification of RCS and screening of compounds ability to sequester RCS employ several bioassays and analytical techniques. Present review describes in-depth study of RCS sources, types, properties, identification techniques, therapeutic approaches, nanocarriers, and their role in various diseases. This study will give an idea for therapeutic development to combat the RCS associated chronic diseases.
  6. Fulltext Synthesis and Bioactivity of a Cyclopolypeptide from Caribbean Marine Sponge
    Dahiya R, Rampersad S, Ramnanansingh TG, Kaur K, Kaur R, Mourya R, et al.
    Iran J Pharm Res, 2020;19(3):156-170.
    PMID: 33680019 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.15405.13075
    Synthesis of a natural proline-rich cyclopolypeptide - rolloamide A was carried out by coupling of tri- and tetrapeptide units Boc-Phe-Pro-Val-OMe and Boc-Pro-Leu-Pro-Ile-OMe after proper deprotection at carboxyl and amino terminals using carbodiimide chemistry in alkaline environment followed by cyclization of linear heptapeptide segment in the presence of base. The structure of synthesized peptide was confirmed by spectral techniques including FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS analyses. Newly synthesized peptide was subjected to biological screening against pathogenic microbes and earthworms. Cyclopeptide 8 possessed promising activity against pathogenic fungi Candida albicans (ZOI: 24 mm, MIC: 6 μg/mL) and Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ZOI: 27 mm, MIC: 6 μg/mL) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ZOI: 23 mm, MIC: 12.5 μg/mL), in comparison to reference drugs - griseofulvin (ZOI: 20 mm, MIC: 6 μg/mL) and ciprofloxacin (ZOI: 25 mm, MIC: 6 μg/mL/ZOI: 20 mm, MIC: 12.5 μg/mL). Also, newly synthesized heptacyclopeptide exhibited potent anthelmintic activity against earthworms Megascoplex konkanensis,Pontoscotex corethruses, and Eudrilus species (MPT/MDT ratio - 8.22-16.02/10.06-17.59 min), in comparison to standard drugs - mebendazole (MPT/MDT ratio - 10.52-18.02/12.57-19.49 min) and piperazine citrate (MPT/MDT ratio - 12.38-19.17/13.44-22.17 min).
  7. Natural cyclic polypeptides as vital phytochemical constituents from seeds of selected medicinal plants
    Dahiya R, Dahiya S, Shrivastava J, Fuloria NK, Gautam H, Mourya R, et al.
    Arch Pharm (Weinheim), 2021 Feb 01.
    PMID: 33522644 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000446
    Cyclopolypeptides are among the most predominant biomolecules in nature, especially those derived from plant seeds. This category of compounds has gained extraordinary attention due to remarkable variety of structures and valuable biofunctions. These congeners display enormous variation in terms of both structure and function and are the most significant biomolecules due to their widespread bioproperties. The estrogenic activity, immunosuppressive activity, cytotoxicity, vasorelaxant activity, and other properties possessed by cyclic peptides from seeds of plants make these congeners attractive leads for the drug discovery process. The current study covers the important structural features, structure-activity relationship, synthesis methods, and bioproperties of plant seeds-originated bioactive peptides from Vaccaria segetalis, Linum usitatissimum, and Goniothalamus leiocarpus, which may prove vital for the development of novel therapeutics based on a peptide skeleton.
  8. Fulltext Determination of Temperature-Dependent Coefficients of Viscosity and Surface Tension of Tamarind Seeds (Tamarindus indica L.) Polymer
    Malviya R, Jha S, Fuloria NK, Subramaniyan V, Chakravarthi S, Sathasivam K, et al.
    Polymers (Basel), 2021 Feb 18;13(4).
    PMID: 33670569 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040610
    The rheological properties of tamarind seed polymer are characterized for its possible commercialization in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Seed polymer was extracted using water as a solvent and ethyl alcohol as a precipitating agent. The temperature's effect on the rheological behavior of the polymeric solution was studied. In addition to this, the temperature coefficient, viscosity, surface tension, activation energy, Gibbs free energy, Reynolds number, and entropy of fusion were calculated by using the Arrhenius, Gibbs-Helmholtz, Frenkel-Eyring, and Eotvos equations, respectively. The activation energy of the gum was found to be 20.46 ± 1.06 kJ/mol. Changes in entropy and enthalpy were found to be 23.66 ± 0.97 and -0.10 ± 0.01 kJ/mol, respectively. The calculated amount of entropy of fusion was found to be 0.88 kJ/mol. A considerable decrease in apparent viscosity and surface tension was produced when the temperature was raised. The present study concludes that the tamarind seed polymer solution is less sensitive to temperature change in comparison to Albzia lebbac gum, Ficus glumosa gum and A. marcocarpa gum. This study also concludes that the attainment of the transition state of viscous flow for tamarind seed gum is accompanied by bond breaking. The excellent physicochemical properties of tamarind seed polymers make them promising excipients for future drug formulation and make their application in the food and cosmetics industry possible.
  9. Fulltext Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Regenerative Potential and Challenges
    Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Dahiya R, Dahiya S, Sudhakar K, Kumari U, et al.
    Biology (Basel), 2021 Feb 25;10(3).
    PMID: 33668707 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030172
    Evidence suggests that stem cells exert regenerative potential via the release of extracellular vesicles. Mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles (MSCEVs) offer therapeutic benefits for various pathophysiological ailments by restoring tissues. Facts suggest that MSCEV action can be potentiated by modifying the mesenchymal stem cells culturing methodology and bioengineering EVs. Limited clinical trials of MSCEVs have questioned their superiority, culturing quality, production scale-up and isolation, and administration format. Translation of preclinically successful MSCEVs into a clinical platform requires paying attention to several critical matters, such as the production technique, quantification/characterization, pharmacokinetics/targeting/transfer to the target site, and the safety profile. Keeping these issues as a priority, the present review was designed to highlight the challenges in translating preclinical MSCEV research into clinical platforms and provide evidence for the regenerative potential of MSCEVs in various conditions of the liver, kidney, heart, nervous system, bone, muscle, cartilage, and other organs/tissues.
  10. Fulltext Fabrication and Characterization of Chitosan-Tamarind Seed Polysaccharide Composite Film for Transdermal Delivery of Protein/Peptide
    Malviya R, Tyagi A, Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Sathasivam K, Sundram S, et al.
    Polymers (Basel), 2021 May 10;13(9).
    PMID: 34068768 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091531
    Transdermal drug delivery is used to deliver a drug by eliminating the first-pass metabolism, which increases the bioavailability of the drug. The present study aims to formulate the chitosan-tamarind seed polysaccharide composite films and evaluate for the delivery of protein/peptide molecules. Nine formulations were prepared and evaluated by using different parameters, such as physical appearance, folding endurance, thickness of film, surface pH, weight variation, drug content, surface morphology, percentage moisture intake and uptake, drug release kinetics, and drug permeability. The film weight variance was observed between 0.34 ± 0.002 to 0.47 ± 0.003 g. The drug level of the prepared films was found to be between 96 ± 1.21 and 98 ± 1.33μg. Their intake of moisture ranged between 2.83 ± 0.002 and 3.76 ± 0.001 (%). The moisture absorption of the films ranged from 5.33 ± 0.22 to 10.02 ± 0.61 (%). SEM images revealed a smooth film surface, while minor cracks were found in the film after permeation tests. During the first 4 days, drug release was between 13.75 ± 1.64% and 22.54 ± 1.34% and from day 5 to day 6, it was between 72.67 ± 2.13% and 78.33 ± 3.13%. Drug permeation during the first 4 days was 15.78 ± 1.23 %. Drug permeation (%) during the first 4 days was between 15.78 ± 1.23 and 22.49 ± 1.29 and from day 5 to day 6, it was between 71.49 ± 3.21 and 77.93 ± 3.20.
  11. Fulltext Chemical Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Phytoconstituents from Swertia alata
    Bajaj S, Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Meenakshi DU, Wakode S, Kaur A, et al.
    Plants (Basel), 2021 May 31;10(6).
    PMID: 34072717 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061109
    Swertia alata C.B Clarke (Gentianaceae) is a well-reported plant in the traditional system of medicine. The present study was intended to isolate the phytoconstituents from the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of S. alata; and evaluate for in vitro COX-1/COX-2 inhibition activity, in vivo anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activity. Phytoisolation involved partitioning of S. alata ethanolic extract into petroleum ether and chloroform soluble fractions using silica gel-based column chromatography. The isolation afforded two phytoisolates, namely oleanolic acid (SA-1) and 3-hydroxylup-12-(13)-ene-17-carboxylic acid (SA-4). Phytoisolates structures were established by melting point, ultraviolet (UV), attenuated total reflection-Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HMBC) and mass spectrometry. Phytoisolates were further evaluated for in vitro cyclooxygenase (COX-1/COX-2) inhibitory activity, in vivo anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activity. The study revealed SA-4 (COX-1/COX-2 inhibition activity of 104/61.68 µM with % inhibition of 61.36) to be more effective than SA-1 (COX-1/COX-2 inhibition activity of 128.4/87.25 µM, with % inhibition of 47.72). SA-1 and SA-4, when subjected to ulcerogenic study, exhibited significant gastric tolerance. The current study reports chromatographic isolation and spectrometric characterization of SA-1 and SA-4. The present study concludes that compound SA-4 possess significant anti-inflammatory activity and less irritant property over gastric mucosa with no significant ulcerogenicity in comparison to indomethacin.
  12. Fulltext Chemical Modification of Banana Trunk Fibers for the Production of Green Composites
    Sathasivam KV, Haris MRHM, Fuloria S, Fuloria NK, Malviya R, Subramaniyan V
    Polymers (Basel), 2021 Jun 11;13(12).
    PMID: 34208069 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121943
    Natural fibers have proven to be excellent reinforcing agents in composite materials. However, a critical disadvantage of natural fibers is their hydrophilic nature. In this study, banana trunk fibers were mechanically damaged using a high-speed blender, and the resulting fibers (MDBTF) were treated with (i) stearic acid (SAMDBTF) and (ii) calcium carbonate coated with 5% (wt/wt) stearic acid (SACCMDBTF). The moisture sorption, oil sorption and thermal properties of the fibers were determined. The morphology, roughness and the functional groups present were also investigated. Study data of the present study indicate that SACCMDBTF exhibited a faster oil sorption capacity than SAMDBTF. Fast uptake of the oil occurred during the first 5 min, whereby the quantity of oil sorbed in SAMDBTF and SACCMDBTF was 5.5 and 15.0 g oil g-1 fiber, respectively. The results of a used engine oil uptake study revealed that SAMDBTF and SACCMDBTF sorbed 9.5 and 18.3 g/g-1 fiber, respectively, at equilibrium. The obtained results suggest that the mechanically damaged process improved the thermal stability of the fibers. This work reveals that the inclusion of stearic-acid-coated calcium carbonate into the interstices of MDBTF yields is environmentally safe for green hydrophobic composites. SACCMDBTF are used as efficient adsorbents for the removal of spilled oil on aqueous media.
  13. Isolation of new phytometabolites from Alpinia galanga willd rhizomes
    Sharma PK, Fuloria S, Ali M, Singh A, Kushwaha SP, Sharma VK, et al.
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2021 Jul;34(4):1397-1401.
    PMID: 34799313
    The current research was aimed to isolate newer phyto-metabolites from rhizomes of Alpinia galanga plant. Study involved preparation of Alpinia galanga rhizome methanolic extract, followed by normal phase column chromatography assisted isolation of new phytometabolites (using different combinations of chloroform and methanol), and characterization (by UV, FTIR, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, COSY, DEPT and Mass spectrometry). The isolation and characterization experiment offered two phytometabolites: an ester (Ag-1) and tetrahydronapthalene type lactone (Ag-2). Present study concludes and reports the two phytometabolites, benzyl myristate (Ag-1) and 3-Methyl-6α, 8β-diol-7-carboxylic acid tetralin-11, 9β-olide (Ag-2) for the first time in Alpinia galanga rhizome. The study recommends that these phytometabolites Ag-1 and Ag-2 can be utilized as effective analytical biomarkers for identification, purity and quality control of this plant in future.
  14. Mucoadhesive microspheres of glutaraldehyde crosslinked mucilage of Isabgol husk for sustained release of gliclazide
    Sharma VK, Sharma PP, Mazumder B, Bhatnagar A, Subramaniyan V, Fuloria S, et al.
    J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 2021 08;32(11):1420-1449.
    PMID: 33941041 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1925389
    Mucoadhesive microspheres have their own significant amongst the various sustained release drug delivery systems. The prolonged residence time of these delivery devices at drug absorption site results in steep concentration gradient and enhanced bioavailability. In this study, the mucilage of Isabgol husk was applied as polymeric backbone to develop gliclazide loaded microspheres by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The formulations were studied for surface morphology, swelling behavior, particle size, in vitro release, release kinetics, in vitro mucoadhesion and gamma scintigraphy in rabbits. The release of gliclazide from microspheres was controlled by swelling of crosslinked microspheres followed by diffusion. Gamma scintigraphic images acquired for microspheres retention in gastrointestinal track of rabbits indicated the residence of formulation upto 24 h after oral administration. Gliclazide retained its integrity in polymeric matrix of microspheres as observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffractometry. The sustained release of gliclazide and prolonged retention of microspheres in gastrointestinal track disclosed the rationality of mucoadhesive Isabgol husk microspheres in controlling the hyperglycemia in diabetes.
  15. Molecular Regulatory Roles of Long Non-coding RNA HOTTIP: An Overview in Gastrointestinal Cancer
    Hamid UZ, Sim MS, Guad RM, Subramaniyan V, Sekar M, Fuloria NK, et al.
    Curr Mol Med, 2021 Aug 06.
    PMID: 34365949 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666210806162848
    Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers presented an alarmingly high number of new cancer cases worldwide and highly characterised with poor prognosis. The poor overall survival is mainly due to late detection and emerging challenges in treatment, particularly chemoresistance. Thus, the identification of novel molecular targets in GI cancer is highly regarded as the main focus. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered as a potential novel molecular target for combating cancer, as it is highly associated with carcinogenesis and has a great impact on cancer progression. Amongst lncRNAs, HOTIIP has demonstrated a prominent oncogenic regulation in cancer progression, particularly in GI cancers, including oesophageal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer. This review aimed to present a focused update on the regulatory roles of HOTTIP in GI cancer progression and chemoresistance, as well as deciphering the associated molecular mechanisms underlying their impact on cancer phenotypes and chemoresistance and the key molecules involved. It has been reported that it regulates the expression of various genes and proteins in GI cancers that impacts on the cellular functions, including proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion, apoptosis, chemosensitivity and tumour differentiation. Furthermore, HOTTIP was also discovered to have a higher diagnostic value as compared to existing diagnostic biomarkers. In overall, HOTTIP has presented itself as a novel therapeutic target and potential diagnostic biomarker in the development of GI cancer treatment.
  16. Nuclear factor-kappa B and its role in inflammatory lung disease
    Alharbi KS, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S, Rahman SB, Al-Malki WH, Javed Shaikh MA, et al.
    Chem Biol Interact, 2021 Aug 25;345:109568.
    PMID: 34181887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109568
    Nuclear factor-kappa B, involved in inflammation, host immune response, cell adhesion, growth signals, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis defense, is a dimeric transcription factor. Inflammation is a key component of many common respiratory disorders, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Many basic transcription factors are found in NF-κB signaling, which is a member of the Rel protein family. Five members of this family c-REL, NF-κB2 (p100/p52), RelA (p65), NF-κB1 (p105/p50), RelB, and RelA (p65) produce 5 transcriptionally active molecules. Proinflammatory cytokines, T lymphocyte, and B lymphocyte cell mitogens, lipopolysaccharides, bacteria, viral proteins, viruses, double-stranded RNA, oxidative stress, physical exertion, various chemotherapeutics are the stimulus responsible for NF-κB activation. NF-κB act as a principal component for several common respiratory illnesses, such as asthma, lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, COPD as well as infectious diseases like pneumonia, tuberculosis, COVID-19. Inflammatory lung disease, especially COVID-19, can make NF-κB a key target for drug production.
  17. Fulltext Evaluation and Characterization of Tamarind Gum Polysaccharide: The Biopolymer
    Malviya R, Sundram S, Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Sathasivam KV, Azad AK, et al.
    Polymers (Basel), 2021 Sep 07;13(18).
    PMID: 34577925 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183023
    Polymers from natural sources are widely used as excipients in the formulation of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The objective of this study was to extract and further characterize the tamarind gum polysaccharide (TGP) obtained from Tamarindus indica as an excipient for biomedical applications. Double distilled water was used as a solvent for the extraction of gum while Ethyl alcohol was used as an antisolvent for the precipitation. The results of the Hausner ratio, Carr's index and angle of repose were found to be 0.94, 6.25, and 0.14, respectively, which revealed that the powder is free-flowing with good flowability. The gum was investigated for purity by carrying out chemical tests for different phytochemical constituents and only carbohydrates were found to be present. The swelling index was found to be 87 ± 1%, which shows that TGP has good water intake capacity. The pH of the 1% gum solution was found to be neutral, approximately 6.70 ± 0.01. The ash values such as total ash, sulphated ash, acid insoluble ash, and water-soluble ash were found to be 14.00 ± 1.00%, 13.00 ± 0.05%, 14.04 ± 0.57% and 7.29 ± 0.06%, respectively. The IR spectra confirmed the presence of alcohol, amines, ketones, anhydrides groups. The contact angle was <90°, indicating favorable wetting and good spreading of liquid over the surface The scanning electron micrograph (SEM) revealed that the particle is spherical in shape and irregular. DSC analysis shows a sharp exothermic peak at 350 °C that shows its crystalline nature. The results of the evaluated properties showed that TGP has acceptable properties and can be used as a excipient to formulate dosage forms for biomedical applications.
  18. Skin Diseases and their Treatment Strategies in Sub-Saharan African Regions
    Anwar ET, Gupta N, Porwal O, Sharma A, Malviya R, Singh A, et al.
    Infect Disord Drug Targets, 2021 Sep 27.
    PMID: 34579638 DOI: 10.2174/1871526521666210927120334
    BACKGROUND: In the rural areas of sub-Saharan African regions, skin diseases are so common. Due to which the population of the sub-Saharan region suffers from different types of skin disorders. In these regions, many treatment options are not available for the treatment of skin disease.

    AIM: The current study aims to discuss various skin diseases and their treatment strategies specifically in sub-Saharan African regions.

    METHOD: Extensive literature survey was carried out by using scopus, science direct, elsevier, google scholar and bentham science databases.

    RESULT AND DISCUSSION: It was demonstrated from the literature surveys that different effective techniques are used in the management of skin disease. In the result, it was shown that the condition of the disease is at a dangerous level which must be controlled.

    CONCLUSION: It is concluded from the manuscript that the skin disorder in the sub-Saharan region is at a very dangerous level. The research must be done to develop a better understanding of the disease and its treatment.

  19. Fulltext Ultraflexible Liposome Nanocargo as a Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery System
    Sudhakar K, Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Sathasivam KV, Azad AK, Swain SS, et al.
    Nanomaterials (Basel), 2021 Sep 29;11(10).
    PMID: 34685005 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102557
    A selected active pharmaceutical ingredient must be incorporated into a cargo carrier in a particular manner so that it achieves its goal. An amalgamation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) should be conducted in such a manner that it is simple, professional, and more beneficial. Lipids/polymers that are known to be used in nanocarriers for APIs can be transformed into a vesicular formulation, which offers elegant solutions to many problems. Phospholipids with other ingredients, such as ethanol and water, form suitable vesicular carriers for many drugs, overcoming many problems related to poor bioavailability, poor solubility, etc. Ultraflexible liposomes are novel carriers and new frontiers of drug delivery for transdermal systems. Auxiliary advances in vesicular carrier research have been made, enabling polymer-coated ethanolic liposomes to avoid detection by the body's immune system-specifically, the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Ultraflexible liposomes act as a cargo system and a nanotherapeutic approach for the transport of therapeutic drugs and bioactive agents. Various applications of liposome derivatives in different diseases are emphasized in this review.
  20. Chitosan-Coated 5-Fluorouracil Incorporated Emulsions as Transdermal Drug Delivery Matrices
    Khan TA, Azad AK, Fuloria S, Nawaz A, Subramaniyan V, Akhlaq M, et al.
    Polymers (Basel), 2021 Sep 29;13(19).
    PMID: 34641162 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193345
    The purpose of the present study was to develop emulsions encapsulated by chitosan on the outer surface of a nano droplet containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as a model drug. The emulsions were characterized in terms of size, pH and viscosity and were evaluated for their physicochemical properties such as drug release and skin permeation in vitro. The emulsions containing tween 80 (T80), sodium lauryl sulfate, span 20, and a combination of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and T20 exhibited a release of 88%, 86%, 90% and 92%, respectively. Chitosan-modified emulsions considerably controlled the release of 5-FU compared to a 5-FU solution (p < 0.05). All the formulations enabled transportation of 5-FU through a rat's skin. The combination (T80, PEG) formulation showed a good penetration profile. Different surfactants showed variable degrees of skin drug retention. The ATR-FTIR spectrograms revealed that the emulsions mainly affected the fluidization of lipids and proteins of the stratum corneum (SC) that lead to enhanced drug permeation and retention across the skin. The present study concludes that the emulsions containing a combination of surfactants (Tween) and a co-surfactant (PEG) exhibited the best penetration profile, prevented the premature release of drugs from the nano droplet, enhanced the permeation and the retention of the drug across the skin and had great potential for transdermal drug delivery. Therefore, chitosan-coated 5-FU emulsions represent an excellent possibility to deliver a model drug as a transdermal delivery system.
Related Terms
    Try searching for something
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links