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  1. Synthesis and characterization of 4-nitro benzaldehyde with ZnO-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications
    Indumathi T, Kumaresan I, Suriyaprakash J, Alarfaj AA, Hirad AH, Jaganathan R, et al.
    J Basic Microbiol, 2024 Feb;64(2):e2300494.
    PMID: 37988661 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300494
    Globally, cancer is the leading cause of death and morbidity, and skin cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis. Skin problems can be treated with nanoparticles (NPs), particularly with zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs, which have antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. An antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared in the presence of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde (4NB) was also tested in the present study. In addition, the influence of synthesized NPs on cell apoptosis, cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, and cell adhesion was also examined. The synthesized 4-nitro benzaldehyde with ZnO (4NBZnO) NPs were confirmed via characterization techniques. 4NBZnO NPs showed superior antibacterial properties against the pathogens tested in antibacterial investigations. As a result of dose-based treatment with 4NBZnO NPs, cell viability, and MMP activity of melanoma cells (SK-MEL-3) cells were suppressed. A dose-dependent accumulation of ROS was observed in cells exposed to 4NBZnO NPs. As a result of exposure to 4NBZnO NPs in a dose-dependent manner, viable cells declined and apoptotic cells increased. This indicates that apoptotic cell death was higher. The cell adhesion test revealed that 4NBZnO NPs reduced cell adhesion and may promote apoptosis of cancer cells because of enhanced ROS levels.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes/pharmacology
  2. Food-grade algae modified Schiff base-chitosan benzaldehyde composite for cationic methyl violet 2B dye removal: RSM statistical parametric optimization
    Agha HM, Abdulhameed AS, Jawad AH, Sidik NJ, Aazmi S, Wilson LD, et al.
    Int J Phytoremediation, 2024;26(4):459-471.
    PMID: 37583281 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2246596
    This work aims to apply the use of food-grade algae (FGA) composited with chitosan-benzaldehyde Schiff base biopolymer (CHA-BD) as a new adsorbent (CHA-BA/FGA) for methyl violet 2B (MV 2B) dye removal from aqueous solutions. The effect of three processing variables, including CHA-BA/FGA dosage (0.02-0.1 g/100 mL), pH solution (4-10), and contact duration (10-120 min) on the removal of MV 2B was investigated using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) model. Kinetic and equilibrium dye adsorption profiles reveal that the uptake of MV 2B dye by CHA-BA/FGA is described by the pseudo-second kinetics and the Langmuir models. The thermodynamics of the adsorption process (ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) reveal spontaneous and favorable adsorption parameters of MV 2B dye onto the CHA-BA/FGA biocomposite at ambient conditions. The CHA-BA/FGA exhibited the maximum ability to absorb MV 2B of 126.51 mg/g (operating conditions: CHA-BA/FGA dose = 0.09 g/100 mL, solution pH = 8.68, and temperature = 25 °C). Various interactions, including H-bonding, electrostatic forces, π-π stacking, and n-π stacking provide an account of the hypothesized mechanism of MV 2B adsorption onto the surface of CHA-BA/FGA. This research reveals that CHA-BA/FGA with its unique biocomposite structure and favorable adsorption properties can be used to remove harmful cationic dyes from wastewater.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  3. Functionalization of chitosan biopolymer with SiO2 nanoparticles and benzaldehyde via hydrothermal process for acid red 88 dye adsorption: Box-Behnken design optimization
    Wu R, Abdulhameed AS, Yong SK, Li H, ALOthman ZA, Wilson LD, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Aug 30;247:125806.
    PMID: 37453635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125806
    An effective hydrothermally prepared chitosan-benzaldehyde/SiO2 adsorbent (CTA-BZA/SiO2) employed functionalization of a CTA biopolymer with SiO2 nanoparticles and BZA. CTA-BZA/SiO2 is an adsorbent that was utilized for the adsorption of an acidic dye (acid red 88, AR88) from synthetic wastewater. The fundamental adsorption variables (A: CTA-BZA/SiO2 dosage (0.02-0.1 g); B: pH (4-10); and C: duration (10-60)) were optimized via the Box-Behnken design (BBD). The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms (coefficients of determination R2 = 0.99) agreed well with empirical data of AR88 adsorption by CTA-BZA/SiO2. The pseudo-first-order model showed reasonable agreement with the kinetic data of AR88 adsorption by CTA-BZA/SiO2. The maximal AR88 adsorption capacity (qmax) for CTA-BZA/SiO2 was identified to be 252.4 mg/g. The electrostatic attractions between both the positively charged CTA-BZA/SiO2 adsorbent and the AR88 anions, plus the n-π, π-π, and H-bond interactions contribute to the favourable adsorption process. This study reveals that CTA-BZA/SiO2 has the capacity to be a suitable adsorbent for the removal of a wider range of organic dyes from industrial effluents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  4. Design of separable magnetic chitosan grafted-benzaldehyde for azo dye removal via a response surface methodology: Characterization and adsorption mechanism
    Arni LA, Hapiz A, Abdulhameed AS, Khadiran T, ALOthman ZA, Wilson LD, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Jul 01;242(Pt 4):125086.
    PMID: 37247708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125086
    In this study, a magnetic chitosan grafted-benzaldehyde (CS-BD/Fe3O4) was hydrothermally prepared using benzaldehyde as a grafting agent to produce a promising adsorbent for the removal of acid red 88 (AR88) dye. The CS-BD/Fe3O4 was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray, vibrating sample magnetometry, powder X-ray diffraction, CHN elemental analysis, and point of zero charge (pHPZC). The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was adopted to study the role of variables that influence AR88 dye adsorption (A: CS-BD/Fe3O4 dose (0.02-0.1 g), B: pH (4-10), and time C: (10-90 min)). The ANOVA results of the BBD model indicated that the F-value for the AR88 removal was 22.19 %, with the corresponding p-value of 0.0002. The adsorption profiles at equilibrium and dynamic conditions reveal that the Temkin model and the pseudo-first-order kinetics model provide an adequate description of the isotherm results, where the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) with the AR88 dye was 154.1 mg/g. Several mechanisms, including electrostatic attraction, n-π interaction, π-π interaction, and hydrogen bonding, regulate the adsorption of AR88 dyes onto the CS-BD/Fe3O4 surface. As a result, this research indicates that CS-BD/Fe3O4 can be utilized as an effective and promising bio-adsorbent for azo dye removal from contaminated wastewater.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  5. Fulltext Efficacy of the Aqueous Extract of Azadirachta indica Against the Marine Parasitic Leech and Its Phytochemical Profiling
    Venmathi Maran BA, Josmeh D, Tan JK, Yong YS, Shah MD
    Molecules, 2021 Mar 29;26(7).
    PMID: 33805254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071908
    Zeylanicobdella arugamensis (Hirudinea), a marine parasitic leech, not only resulted in the mortality of the host fish (Groupers) but also caused economic losses. The current study aimed to elucidate the antiparasitic efficacy of the aqueous extract of the Azadirachta indica leaves against Z. arugamensis and to profile the composition via LC-Q Exactive HF Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Different concentrations (25, 50 and 100 mg/mL) of A. indica extract were prepared and tested on the parasitic leeches. The total mortality of leeches was noticed with an exposure to the A. indica aqueous extract. The average times required for the aqueous extract at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mg/mL to kill the leeches were 42.65 ± 9.20, 11.69 ± 1.11 and 6.45 ± 0.45 min, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. The Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis indicated the presence of five flavonoids (myricetin 3-O-galactoside, trifolin, isorhamnetin, quercetin and kaempferol), four aromatics (4-methoxy benzaldehyde, scopoletin, indole-3-acrylic acid and 2,4-quinolinediol), three phenolics (p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and phloretin) and two terpenoids (pulegone and caryophyllene oxide). Thus, our study indicates that A. indica aqueous extract is a good source of metabolites with the potential to act as a biocontrol agent against the marine parasitic leech in aquaculture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  6. Fulltext Bioconversion of ferulic acid attained from pineapple peels and pineapple crown leaves into vanillic acid and vanillin by Aspergillus niger I-1472
    Tang PL, Hassan O
    BMC Chem, 2020 Dec;14(1):7.
    PMID: 32043090 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-0663-y
    This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of pineapple peel (PP) and pineapple crown leaves (PCL) as the substrate for vanillic acid and vanillin production. About 202 ± 18 mg L-1 and 120 ± 11 mg L-1 of ferulic acid was produced from the PP and PCL respectively. By applied response surface methodology, the ferulic acid yield was increased to 1055 ± 160 mg L-1 by treating 19.3% of PP for 76 min, and 328 ± 23 mg L-1 by treating 9.9% of PCL for 36 min in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 120 °C. The results revealed that PP extract was better than PCL extract for vanillic acid and vanillin production. Furthermore, the experiment also proved that large volume feeding was more efficient than small volume feeding for high vanillic acid and vanillin yield. Through large volume feeding, about 7 ± 2 mg L-1 of vanillic acid and 5 ± 1 mg L-1 of vanillin was successfully produced from PP extract via Aspergillus niger fermentation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  7. Fulltext Pharmacophore modelling of vanillin derivatives, favipiravir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, monolaurin and tetrodotoxin as MPro inhibitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)
    Law WY, Asaruddin MR, Bhawani SA, Mohamad S
    BMC Res Notes, 2020 Nov 11;13(1):527.
    PMID: 33176880 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05379-6
    OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to use Ligand-based pharmacophore modelling approach for four established antiviral drugs, namely remdesivir, lopinavir, ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 inhibitors as training sets. In this study Twenty vanillin derivatives together with monolaurin and tetrodotoxin were used as test sets to evaluate as potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. The Structure-based pharmacophore modelling approach was also performed using 5RE6, 5REX and 5RFZ in order to analyse the binding site and ligand-protein complex interactions.

    RESULTS: The pharmacophore modelling mode of 5RE6 displayed two Hydrogen Bond Acceptors (HBA) and one Hydrophobic (HY) interaction. Besides, the pharmacophore model of 5REX showed two HBA and two HY interactions. Finally, the pharmacophore model of 5RFZ showed three HBA and one HY interaction. Based on ligand-based approach, 20 Schiff-based vanillin derivatives, showed strong MPro inhibition activity. This was due to their good alignment and common features to PDB-5RE6. Similarly, monolaurin and tetrodotoxin displayed some significant activity against SARS-CoV-2. From structure-based approach, vanillin derivatives (1) to (12) displayed some potent MPro inhibition against SARS-CoV-2. Favipiravir, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine also showed some significant MPro inhibition.

    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes/chemistry
  8. Fulltext Chemicals Constituents Isolated from Cultivate Alpinia conchigera Griff. and Antimicrobial Activity
    Taib MNAM, Anuar N, Hanafiah KM, Al-Shammary AAK, Saaid M, Awang K
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2020 Apr;31(1):159-178.
    PMID: 32963717 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.1.10
    Alpinia conchigera Griff. is a plant species from the family Zingiberaceae. Coloquially known as wild ginger, Alpinia conchigera Griff. is used as food condiment and for traditional treatment of skin diseases. Isolation studies to identify bioactive compounds of rhizomes of Alpinia conchigera yielded seven compounds; 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (1), trans-p-coumaryl diacetate (2), p-hydroxycinnamyl acetate (3), 1'S-1'-hydroxychavicol acetate (4) p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5), stigmasterol (6) and β-sitosterol (7). Compounds 1, 2 and 5 were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Among the compounds tested, Compound 1 showed good antimicrobial activity against the strain of MRSA with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value of 0.5 mg/mL. Meanwhile, Compounds 2 and 5 exhibited moderate activity with MIC value between 1.0 and 2.0 mg/mL. These findings indicate antimicrobial potential of 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (1), compound derived from rhizome of Alpinia conchigera Griff. against MRSA, which warrant further investigation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  9. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of norfloxacin based acetohydrazides
    Walayat K, Ahmad M, Rasul A, Aslam S, Anjum MN, Sultan S, et al.
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2020 Mar;33(2(Supplementary)):855-860.
    PMID: 32863262
    The drug resistance phenomenon in microbes is resulting in the ineffectiveness of available drugs to treat the infections. Thus, there is a continued need to discover new molecules to combat the drug resistance phenomenon. Norfloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is used for the treatment of urinary tract infections. In this research work, norfloxacin is structurally modified by hybridizing with a range of substituted acetohydrazidic moieties through a multistep reaction. The first step involves the coupling of norfloxacin 1 with methyl chloroacetate followed by the treatment with hydrazine hydrate to result in corresponding acetohydrazide 3. A range of substituted benzaldehydes were reacted with the acetohydrazide to form the targeted series of norfloxacin derivatives 4a-i. The final compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity. Among the tested compounds, 4c, 4d, 4e and 4f displayed better antifungal activity against F.avenaceum, while compound 4c and 4e were active against F. bubigeum.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes/chemistry
  10. Synthesis, molecular docking and anti-diabetic studies of novel benzimidazole-pyrazoline hybrid molecules
    Ibraheem F, Ahmad M, Ashfaq UA, Aslam S, Khan ZA, Sultan S
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2020 Mar;33(2(Supplementary)):847-854.
    PMID: 32863261
    Pyrazoline and benzimidazoles derivatives have been widely studied due to their potential applications in the medicinal field. In this research project, we have hybridized these two heterocyclic systems in the same molecule. A new series of compounds, 2-((3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (5a-i) were synthesized through a multistep reaction. In the first step, chalcones 3a-i were prepared by coupling of various acetophenones and benzaldehydes under alkaline conditions. These chalcones were cyclized with hydrazine hydrate to form a series of pyrazolines which were finally coupled with 2-chloromethyl-1H-benzimidazole to get a new series of titled hybrid molecules. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectral (1H NMR and 13C NMR) analysis. The anti-diabetic potential of these compounds was studied by screening them for their α-glucosidase inhibition activity. The SAR was established through molecular docking analysis. Compound 5d appeared as effective inhibitor with IC50 = 50.06μM as compared to reference drug (acarbose) having IC50 = 58.8μM.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes/chemical synthesis; Benzaldehydes/pharmacology
  11. Fulltext Silver (I) Dicyanonitrosomethanide, Ag[ONC(CN)2] Complex as Catalyst for the Selective Oxidation of Styrene to Benzaldehyde
    Mohammad Anwar Mohamed Iqbal, Muhammad Zulhelmi Nazri, Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad, Erna Normaya Abdullah, Umie Fatihah Mohamad Haziz, Mohd Rizal Razali, et al.
    Science Letters, 2020;14(2):71-84.
    MyJurnal
    Silver (I) dicyanonitrosomethanide, Ag[ONC(CN)2] represent a 3D interwoven coordination polymer organization in which all the donor atoms of the functional groups of ONC(CN)2- are coordinated to the Ag(I). Oxidation of styrene utilizing H2O2 as an oxidant in acetonitrile (CH3CN) was used as a model reaction to investigate the catalytic potential of the Ag (I) complex. The CH3CN was chosen as the solvent based on the data collected from Conductor like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) study. The data indicate that the Ag [ONC(CN)2] complex was compatible and soluble in CH3CN. Different parameters such as styrene:H2O2 molar ratio, reaction time, catalyst mass, and reaction temperature were studied. Highest styrene conversion (36%) with 100% selectivity towards benzaldehyde (BZ) was achieved when 25 mg catalyst, 1:1 styrene to H2O2 molar ratio were used. The reaction was carried out at 303 K for 3 h. The catalytic conversion of styrene to BZ is proposed to take place via [Ag-H2O2] adduct with styrene oxide (StO) as an intermediate. Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) shows that the Ag atom has the highest probability to coordinate with the oxygen atom of H2O2. The MEP data confirms the proposed mechanism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  12. Fulltext Potential of citronella oil as natural mosquito repellent agent in formulated fabric softener finishes
    Aznin Baharudin, Nor Akmalazura Jani, Azyati Azreen, A. A. Assyura, Hawa Pornomo, M. Hafiz Mehat
    Borneo Akademika, 2020;4(1):1-12.
    MyJurnal
    This study is focused on formulating a natural-based fabric softener using baking
    soda and vinegar with the addition of insect repellent finish of citronella oil and
    vanillin. The effectiveness of the fabric softener was evaluated by conducting a fabric
    stiffness test on both untreated and treated fabric samples with the softener
    formulated in this study. The assessment for the efficacy of insect repellence was
    carried out using 3 human participants of the same gender and build but different
    blood type, positioned at a mosquito infested area. Three tests; negative, positive, and
    normal tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the formulated mosquito
    repellent finishes in the fabric softener. The results show that the formulated fabric
    softener is good mosquito repellent and it is good at giving a soft effect on the treated
    fabric.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  13. Correlation data of (Z)-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]thiosemicarbazide via spectroscopic methods and Density Functional Theory studies
    Osman UM, Farizal ASN, Kadir MA, Razali MH, Rozaini MZH, Arshad S
    Data Brief, 2019 Dec;27:104673.
    PMID: 31720328 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104673
    New compound, namely (Z)-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]thiosemicarbazide was successfully synthesized using thiosemicarbazide with 4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzaldehyde in ethanol solution. The data presented in this articles is related to our research articles entitled "Crystal Structure of (Z)-1-[4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]thiosemicarbazide" (Osman et al., 2017) [1]. This work shows the continue data from experimental spectroscopic measurement which are Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C NMR). Assessment on the correlation with theoretical computational data was also carried out through GaussView 5.0.9 and Gaussian09 software. Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) and Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital-Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO-LUMO) were also illustrated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  14. Fulltext Determination of the Major Component of Water Fraction of Katuk (Sauropus androgynous (L.) Merr.) Leaves by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
    Mustarichie R, Salsabila T, Iskandar Y
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2019 Dec;11(Suppl 4):S611-S618.
    PMID: 32148372 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_205_19
    Background: The katuk leaf (Sauropus androgynous (L.) Merr.) is one of the plants that are used to overcome baldness by the people of Kampung Mak Kemas, Malaysia. It is suspected that secondary metabolites contained in katuk leaves play a key role in stimulating hair growth.

    Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the optimum method to obtain one of the chemical compounds in the water fraction and to identify the hypothesized chemical isolates in the water fraction katuk leave's ethanol extract.

    Materials and Methods: The methods used in this study included the collection and determination of the katuk plant, the processing of the katuk, phytochemical filtrating, extracting with ethanol 96%, and fractionation using the liquid-liquid extraction method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water solvents The water fraction of katuk leaves was analyzed by its components by thin-layer chromatography using the stationary phase of silica gel 60 F254, developer of n-butanol:acetic acid:water (4:1:5), and detection under ultraviolet (UV) light at a wavelength of 366 and 254nm, as well as with vanillin-sulfuric acid reagent. To isolate the compounds from water fraction of katuk leaves, it was then eluted with a vacuum column chromatography by eluent with a level polarity that would get 11 subfractions. Each subfraction was checked by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography to see subfraction purity characterized by the appearance of a spot on the chromatogram plate. The isolate was analyzed using spot test, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, infrared spectrophotometer, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

    Results: The isolate was an alkaloid compound with a molecular mass of 406.3131 m/z with the molecular formula C21H39N6O2 as S, S-5, 5'-amino-4,4'-dihexyl-propyldihydropyrazol-3, 3-one.

    Conclusion: One of the chemical compounds contained in the water fraction of the ethanol extract of the katuk leaf was an alkaloid group.

    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  15. Schiff base-nickel, palladium, and platinum complexes derived from N-cyclohexyl hydrazine carbothioamide and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde: Selective antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects against colorectal carcinoma
    Arafath MA, Al-Suede FSR, Adam F, Al-Juaid S, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Majid AMSA
    Drug Dev Res, 2019 09;80(6):778-790.
    PMID: 31215682 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21559
    The bidentate N-cyclohexyl-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide Schiff base ligand (HL) was coordinated to divalent nickel, palladium and platinum ions to form square planar complexes. The nickel and palladium complexes, [NiL2 ], [PdL2 ] form square planar complexes with 2:1 ligand to metal ratio. The platinum complex, [PtL(dmso)Cl] formed a square planar complex with 1:1 ligand to metal ratio. Platinum undergoes in situ reaction with DMSO before complexing with the ligand in solution. The cytotoxicity of HL, [NiL2 ], [PdL2 ], and [PtL(dmso)Cl] were evaluated against human colon cancer cell line (HCT-116), human cervical cancer (Hela) cell line, melanoma (B16F10) cells, and human normal endothelial cell lines (Eahy926) by MTT assay. The [NiL2 ] complex displayed selective cytotoxic effect against the HCT 116 cancer cell line with IC50 of 7.9 ± 0.2 μM. However, HL, [PdL2 ], and [PtL(dmso)Cl] only exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity with IC50 = 75.9 ± 2.4, 100.0 ± 1.8, and 101.0 ± 3.6 μM, respectively. The potent cytotoxicity of [NiL2 ] was characterized using Hoechst and Rhodamine assays. The nickel complex, [NiL2 ], caused remarkable nuclear condensation and reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, molecular docking studies confirms that [NiL2 ] possesses significant binding efficiency with Tyrosine kinase. Altogether, the results revealed that [NiL2 ] exhibits cytotoxicity against the cancer cells via Tyrosine kinase-induced proapoptosis pathway. This study demonstrates that the [NiL2 ] complex could be a promising therapeutic agent against colorectal carcinoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes/chemistry
  16. Synthesis, X-ray crystal and monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity of 4,6-dihydrobenzo[c]pyrano[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine 5,5-dioxides: In vitro studies and docking analysis
    Ahmad S, Jalil S, Zaib S, Aslam S, Ahmad M, Rasul A, et al.
    Eur J Pharm Sci, 2019 Apr 01;131:9-22.
    PMID: 30735822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.02.007
    We report the synthesis and biological evaluation of two new series of 2-amino-6-benzyl-4-phenyl-4,6-dihydrobenzo[c]pyrano[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3‑carbonitrile 5,5-dioxides and 2-amino-6-methyl-4-phenyl-4,6-dihydrobenzo[c]pyrano[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3‑carbonitrile 5,5-dioxides. The synthetic methodology involves a multistep reaction starting with methyl anthranilate which was coupled with methane sulfonyl chloride. The product of the reaction was subjected to N-benzylation and N-methylation reactions followed by ring closure with sodium hydride resulting in the formation of respective 2,1-benzothiazine 2,2-dioxides. These 2,1-benzothiazine precursors were subjected to multicomponent reaction with malononitrile and substituted benzaldehydes for the synthesis of two new series of pyranobenzothiazines (6a-r and 7a-r). The synthesized compounds were screened as selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A and monoamine oxidase B. The in vitro results suggested that compound 6d and 7q are the selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A, however, the selective and potent inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B included compounds 6h and 7r. Moreover, some dual inhibitors were noticed like 7l having more inhibitory activity towards both the isozymes. Moreover, the binding modes of the selective and potent inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A and B were investigated by molecular docking analysis. The results suggested that the synthetic derivatives may be potential towards the monoamine oxidase isozymes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  17. Comparative efficacy of vanilloids in inhibiting toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4)/myeloid differentiation factor (MD-2) homodimerisation
    Mai CW, Kang YB, Hamzah AS, Pichika MR
    Food Funct, 2018 Jun 20;9(6):3344-3350.
    PMID: 29808897 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00136g
    Vanilloid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl benzenoid) containing foods are reported to possess many biological activities including anti-inflammatory properties. Homodimerisation of the Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4)/Myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2) complex results in life-threatening complications in inflammatory disorders. In this study, we report activity of vanilloids in inhibition of TLR-4/MD-2 homodimersization and their molecular interactions with the receptor. The inhibitory activities of vanilloids were assessed in vitro by determining their antagonistic actions of lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli (LPSEc) in activation of TLR-4/MD-2 homodimerisation in TLR-4/MD-2/CD-14 transfected HEK-293 cells. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of vanilloids was also determined using RAW 264.7 cells. All the vanilloids were found to be active in the inhibition of TLR-4/MD-2 homodimersiation and nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells. Rigid and flexible molecular docking studies were performed to gain insight into interactions between vanilloids and the binding site of the TLR-4/MD-2 complex.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes/pharmacology*
  18. Morphological and transcript changes in the biosynthesis of lignin in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) during Ganoderma boninense infections in vitro
    Goh KM, Dickinson M, Supramaniam CV
    Physiol Plant, 2018 Mar;162(3):274-289.
    PMID: 28940509 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12645
    Lignification of the plant cell wall could serve as the first line of defense against pathogen attack, but the molecular mechanisms of virulence and disease between oil palm and Ganoderma boninense are poorly understood. This study presents the biochemical, histochemical, enzymology and gene expression evidences of enhanced lignin biosynthesis in young oil palm as a response to G. boninense (GBLS strain). Comparative studies with control (T1), wounded (T2) and infected (T3) oil palm plantlets showed significant accumulation of total lignin content and monolignol derivatives (syringaldehyde and vanillin). These derivatives were deposited on the epidermal cell wall of infected plants. Moreover, substantial differences were detected in the activities of enzyme and relative expressions of genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia lyase (EC 4.3.1.24), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.11), caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.68) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD, EC 1.1.1.195). These enzymes are key intermediates dedicated to the biosynthesis of lignin monomers, the guaicyl (G), syringyl (S) and ρ-hydroxyphenyl (H) subunits. Results confirmed an early, biphasic and transient positive induction of all gene intermediates, except for CAD enzyme activities. These differences were visualized by anatomical and metabolic changes in the profile of lignin in the oil palm plantlets such as low G lignin, indicating a potential mechanism for enhanced susceptibility toward G. boninense infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes/metabolism
  19. Enhanced Catalytic Activity, Facile Synthesis and Characterization Studies of Spinel Mn-Co Aluminate Nano-Catalysts
    Bhavani P, Manikandan A, Jaganathan SK, Shankar S, Antony SA
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2018 Feb 01;18(2):1388-1395.
    PMID: 29448597 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.14112
    Undoped and Mn2+ doped CoAl2O4 (MnxCo1-xAl2O4; x = 0.0 to 1.0) spinel nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a microwave heating method using glycine as the fuel. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was confirmed the cubic spinel structure. The average crystallite size of the samples was found to be in the range of 16.46 nm to 20.25 nm calculated by Scherrer's formula. The nano-sized particle-like morphology of the samples was confirmed by high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analysis. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) results showed the pure form of spinel aluminate structure. The band gap energy (Eg) of pure CoAl2O4 was estimated to be 3.68 eV from UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and the Eg values increased with increase of Mn2+ ions, due to the smaller grain size. The magnetic hysteresis (M-H) loop showed the superparamagnetic nature, and the magnetization and coercivity values increased with increasing Mn2+ ions, which was confirmed by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). All compositions of the nano-catalysts were tested as catalyst successfully for the conversion of benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde and observed good catalytic activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  20. Novel Synthesis and Characterization Studies of Spinel Ni x Co1-xAl₂O₄ (x= 0.0 to 1.0) Nano-Catalysts for the Catalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol
    Suguna S, Shankar S, Jaganathan SK, Manikandan A
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2018 Feb 01;18(2):1019-1026.
    PMID: 29448527 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.13960
    Ni-doped cobalt aluminate NixCo1-xAl2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) spinel nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a simple microwave combustion method using urea as the fuel and as well as reducing agent. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was confirmed the formation of single phase, cubic spinel cobalt-nickel aluminate structure without any other impurities. Average crystallite sizes of the samples were found to be in the range of 18.93 nm to 21.47 nm by Scherrer's formula. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectral analysis was confirmed the corresponding functional groups of the M-O, Al-O and M-Al-O (M = Co and Ni) bonds of spinel NixCo1-xAl2O4 structure. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images was confirmed the particle like nanostructured morphology. Energy band gap (Eg) value was calculated using UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) and the Eg values increased with increasing Ni2+ dopant from x = 0.2 (3.58 eV) to x = 1.0 (4.15 eV). Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements exposed that undoped and Ni-doped CoAl2O4 samples have superparamagnetic behavior and the magnetization (Ms) values were increased with increasing Ni2+ ions. Spinel NixCo1-xAl2O4 samples has been used for the catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde and was found that the sample Ni0.6Co0.4Al2O4 showed higher conversion 94.37% with 100% selectivity than other samples, which may be due to the smaller particle size and higher surface area.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
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