Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 29 in total

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  1. Fulltext THE EFFECTS OF NITROGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE GASES IN REDUCING THE PRICKLING AND TINGLING SENSATIONS IN FRESH-CUT PINEAPPLE(Ananas comosus L cv. Morris)
    AIDA NADIA A.RAMLEE, WAN ZALIHA WAN SEMBOK
    UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2021;3(2):13-24.
    MyJurnal
    Fresh-cut pineapple has experienced an increase in demand due to its great health benefits and is rich in vitamins A, B and C. Moreover, pineapple is known as a source of the enzyme bromelain, which has therapeutic applications, such as reducing inflammation, improving digestion and treating osteoarthritis. However, bromelain generally affects the pineapple’s flavour and is less preferred by consumers due to the uncomfortable prickling and tingling sensations it brings. In the present study, two types of gases and their combination, nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), were used to evaluate their impacts on reducing the tingling and prickling sensations, as well as maintaining the postharvest qualities of fresh-cut pineapple stored at 5°C for 12 days. The parameters being evaluated were the bromelain enzyme activity, flesh colour, ascorbic acid concentration, flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and sensory evaluation. No significant differences were recorded for all parameters tested. Based on the sensory evaluations, all the attributes, such as colour, aroma, texture, sweetness, sourness, tingling and prickling sensations, and overall acceptance were not affected by the different gases application. Even though no apparent effect was observed, the 30 panellists preferred the aforementioned attributes, except sourness. In conclusion, the fumigation treatments with N2 and CO2 gases were not effective in reducing the tingling and prickling sensations of pineapples cv. Morris.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bromelains
  2. Fulltext Biosynthesis of nanoparticles using recombinant bromelain
    Arina Nasruddin, Azura Amid, Muhd Ezza Faiez Othman
    Biological and Natural Resources Engineering Journal, 2018;1(1):14-25.
    MyJurnal
    Green chemical method was applied to synthesize nanoparticles using recombinant
    bromelain. Among the numerous applications of recombinant bromelain, there is still no research
    on nanoparticles synthesis which encourages its utilization in this study. Four chemicals which are
    copper (II) chloride dihydrate (CuCl2.2H2O), cerium nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO3)3.6H2O), sodium
    selenite (Na2SeO3), and iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O) were selected to be screened
    for the suitability in nanoparticles biosynthesis by recombinant bromelain. The nanoparticles
    formed were characterized by using UV-visible absorption spectra. The biosynthesis process then
    was optimized by varying the centrifugation speed, temperature, and time to get the maximum
    absorption and weight of nanoparticles through central composite design (CCD) tool. Only
    CuCl2.2H2O showed a positive result for the screening process which was represented by the
    formation of colloidal solution and a maximum absorption at 580 nm. Thus, optimization was
    carried out for this chemical. Based on the optimization model, maximum absorption and weight
    were predicted at 67.5°C, 2 hrs, and 9,600 rpm. These optimal conditions were validated by
    repeating the biosynthesis process. The absorption and weight of the nanoparticles depended on the
    reaction of the chemical with recombinant bromelain. 3D plots showed that the optimal condition
    for high responses mostly depends on temperature and time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bromelains
  3. Bromelain: an overview of industrial application and purification strategies
    Arshad ZI, Amid A, Yusof F, Jaswir I, Ahmad K, Loke SP
    Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2014 Sep;98(17):7283-97.
    PMID: 24965557 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5889-y
    This review highlights the use of bromelain in various applications with up-to-date literature on the purification of bromelain from pineapple fruit and waste such as peel, core, crown, and leaves. Bromelain, a cysteine protease, has been exploited commercially in many applications in the food, beverage, tenderization, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and textile industries. Researchers worldwide have been directing their interest to purification strategies by applying conventional and modern approaches, such as manipulating the pH, affinity, hydrophobicity, and temperature conditions in accord with the unique properties of bromelain. The amount of downstream processing will depend on its intended application in industries. The breakthrough of recombinant DNA technology has facilitated the large-scale production and purification of recombinant bromelain for novel applications in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bromelains/isolation & purification*; Bromelains/metabolism*
  4. Fulltext Enhanced physicochemical stability and efficacy of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) - inhibitory biopeptides by chitosan nanoparticles optimized using Box-Behnken design
    Auwal SM, Zarei M, Tan CP, Basri M, Saari N
    Sci Rep, 2018 Jul 10;8(1):10411.
    PMID: 29991723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28659-5
    Bromelain-generated biopeptides from stone fish protein exhibit strong inhibitory effect against ACE and can potentially serve as designer food (DF) with blood pressure lowering effect. Contextually, the DF refer to the biopeptides specifically produced to act as ACE-inhibitors other than their primary role in nutrition and can be used in the management of hypertension. However, the biopeptides are unstable under gastrointestinal tract (GIT) digestion and need to be stabilized for effective oral administration. In the present study, the stone fish biopeptides (SBs) were stabilized by their encapsulation in sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles produced by ionotropic gelation method. The nanoparticles formulation was then optimized via Box-Behnken experimental design to achieve smaller particle size (162.70 nm) and high encapsulation efficiency (75.36%) under the optimum condition of SBs:Chitosan mass ratio (0.35), homogenization speed (8000 rpm) and homogenization time (30 min). The SBs-loaded nanoparticles were characterized for morphology by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), physicochemical stability and efficacy. The nanoparticles were then lyophilized and analyzed using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results obtained indicated a sustained in vitro release and enhanced physicochemical stability of the SBs-loaded nanoparticles with smaller particle size and high encapsulation efficiency following long period of storage. Moreover, the efficacy study revealed improved inhibitory effect of the encapsulated SBs against ACE following simulated GIT digestion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bromelains
  5. Fulltext Improved In Vivo Efficacy of Anti-Hypertensive Biopeptides Encapsulated in Chitosan Nanoparticles Fabricated by Ionotropic Gelation on Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
    Auwal SM, Zarei M, Tan CP, Basri M, Saari N
    Nanomaterials (Basel), 2017 Dec 02;7(12).
    PMID: 29207480 DOI: 10.3390/nano7120421
    Recent biotechnological advances in the food industry have led to the enzymatic production of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory biopeptides with a strong blood pressure lowering effect from different food proteins. However, the safe oral administration of biopeptides is impeded by their enzymatic degradation due to gastrointestinal digestion. Consequently, nanoparticle (NP)-based delivery systems are used to overcome these gastrointestinal barriers to maintain the improved bioavailability and efficacy of the encapsulated biopeptides. In the present study, the ACE-inhibitory biopeptides were generated from stone fish (Actinopyga lecanora) protein using bromelain and stabilized by their encapsulation in chitosan (chit) nanoparticles (NPs). The nanoparticles were characterized for in vitro physicochemical properties and their antihypertensive effect was then evaluated on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The results of a physicochemical characterization showed a small particle size of 162.70 nm, a polydispersity index (pdi) value of 0.28, a zeta potential of 48.78 mV, a high encapsulation efficiency of 75.36%, a high melting temperature of 146.78 °C and an in vitro sustained release of the biopeptides. The results of the in vivo efficacy indicated a dose-dependent blood pressure lowering effect of the biopeptide-loaded nanoparticles that was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared with the un-encapsulated biopeptides. Moreover, the results of a morphological examination using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated the nanoparticles as homogenous and spherical. Thus, the ACE-inhibitory biopeptides stabilized by chitosan nanoparticles can effectively reduce blood pressure for an extended period of time in hypertensive individuals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bromelains
  6. Recent Developments of Reverse Micellar Techniques for Lysozyme, Bovine Serum Albumin, and Bromelain Extraction
    Chia SR, Tang MSY, Chow YH, Ooi CW, Rambabu K, Zhu L, et al.
    Mol Biotechnol, 2019 Oct;61(10):715-724.
    PMID: 31350687 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00200-7
    Biomolecules produced by living organisms can perform vast array of functions and play an important role in the cell. Important biomolecules such as lysozyme, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and bromelain are often studied by researchers due to their beneficial properties. The application of reverse micelles is an effective tool for protein separation from their sources due to the special system structure. Mechanisms of transferring biomolecules and factors that influence the extraction of biomolecules are reviewed in this paper. The enhancement of biomolecule extraction could be achieved depending on the properties of reverse micelles. This paper provides an overall review on lysozyme, BSA, and bromelain extraction by reverse micelle for various applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bromelains/isolation & purification*
  7. Fulltext Enzyme Hydrolysates from Stichopus horrens as a New Source for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides
    Forghani B, Ebrahimpour A, Bakar J, Abdul Hamid A, Hassan Z, Saari N
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:236384.
    PMID: 22927875 DOI: 10.1155/2012/236384
    Stichopus horrens flesh was explored as a potential source for generating peptides with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory capacity using 6 proteases, namely alcalase, flavourzyme, trypsin, papain, bromelain, and protamex. Degree of hydrolysis (DH) and peptide profiling (SDS-PAGE) of Stichopus horrens hydrolysates (SHHs) was also assessed. Alcalase hydrolysate showed the highest DH value (39.8%) followed by flavourzyme hydrolysate (32.7%). Overall, alcalase hydrolysate exhibited the highest ACE inhibitory activity (IC(50) value of 0.41 mg/mL) followed by flavourzyme hydrolysate (IC(50) value of 2.24 mg/mL), trypsin hydrolysate (IC(50) value of 2.28 mg/mL), papain hydrolysate (IC(50) value of 2.48 mg/mL), bromelain hydrolysate (IC(50) value of 4.21 mg/mL), and protamex hydrolysate (IC(50) value of 6.38 mg/mL). The SDS-PAGE results showed that alcalase hydrolysate represented a unique pattern compared to others, which yielded potent ACE inhibitory peptides with molecular weight distribution lower than 20 kDa. The evaluation of the relationship between DH and IC(50) values of alcalase and flavourzyme hydrolysates revealed that the trend between those parameters was related to the type of the protease used. We concluded that the tested SHHs would be used as a potential source of functional ACE inhibitory peptides for physiological benefits.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bromelains
  8. Gene expression analysis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with recombinant bromelain
    Fouz N, Amid A, Hashim YZ
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2014 Aug;173(7):1618-39.
    PMID: 24928548 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0947-6
    The contributing molecular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of breast cancer need to be better characterized. The principle of our study was to better understand the genetic mechanism of oncogenesis for human breast cancer and to discover new possible tumor markers for use in clinical practice. We used complimentary DNA (cDNA) microarrays to compare gene expression profiles of treated Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) with recombinant bromelain and untreated MCF-7. SpringGene analysis was carried out of differential expression followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), to understand the underlying consequence in developing disease and disorders. We identified 1,102 known genes differentially expressed to a significant degree (p<0.001) changed between the treatment. Within this gene set, 20 genes were significantly changed between treated cells and the control cells with cutoff fold change of more than 1.5. These genes are RNA-binding motif, single-stranded interacting protein 1 (RBMS1), ribosomal protein L29 (RPL29), glutathione S-transferase mu 2 (GSTM2), C15orf32, Akt3, B cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1), C6orf62, C7orf60, kinesin-associated protein 3 (KIFAP3), FBXO11, AT-rich interactive domain 4A (ARID4A), COPS2, TBPL1|SLC2A12, TMEM59, SNORD46, glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 2 (GLTSCR2), and LRRFIP. Our observation on gene expression indicated that recombinant bromelain produces a unique signature affecting different pathways, specific for each congener. The microarray results give a molecular mechanistic insight and functional effects, following recombinant bromelain treatment. The extent of changes in genes is related to and involved significantly in gap junction signaling, amyloid processing, cell cycle regulation by BTG family proteins, and breast cancer regulation by stathmin1 that play major roles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bromelains/pharmacology*
  9. Cytokinetic study of MCF-7 cells treated with commercial and recombinant bromelain
    Fouz N, Amid A, Hashim YZ
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2014 Jan;14(11):6709-14.
    PMID: 24377593
    BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women. The available chemotherapy drugs have been associated with many side effects. Bromelain has novel medicinal qualities including anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, fibrinolytic and anti-cancer functions. Commercially available bromelain is obtained through tedious methods; therefore, recombinant bromelain may provide a cheaper and simpler choice with similar quality.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study aimed to assess the effects of commercial and recombinant bromelain on the cytokinetic behavior of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and their potential as therapeutic alternatives in cancer treatment. Cytotoxic activities of commercial and recombinant bromelain were determined using (sulforhodamine) SRB assay. Next, cell viability assays were conducted to determine effects of commercial and recombinant bromelain on MCF-7 cell cytokinetic behavior. Finally, the established growth kinetic data were used to modify a model that predicts the effects of commercial and recombinant bromelain on MCF-7 cells.

    RESULTS: Commercial and recombinant bromelain exerted strong effects towards decreasing the cell viability of MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 5.13 μg/mL and 6.25 μg/mL, respectively, compared to taxol with an IC50 value of 0.063 μg/mL. The present results indicate that commercial and recombinant bromelain both have anti-proliferative activity, reduced the number of cell generations from 3.92 to 2.81 for commercial bromelain and to 2.86 for recombinant bromelain, while with taxol reduction was to 3.12. Microscopic observation of bromelain-treated MCF-7 cells demonstrated detachment. Inhibition activity was verified with growth rates decreased dynamically from 0.009 h-1 to 0.0059 h-1 for commercial bromelain and to 0.0063 h-1 for recombinant bromelain.

    CONCLUSIONS: Commercial and recombinant bromelain both affect cytokinetics of MCF-7 cells by decreasing cell viability, demonstrating similar strength to taxol.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bromelains/pharmacology*
  10. Fulltext Separation and identification of bromelain-generated antibacterial peptides from Actinopyga lecanora
    Ghanbari R, Ebrahimpour A
    Food Sci Biotechnol, 2018 Apr;27(2):591-598.
    PMID: 30263784 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0267-z
    Actinopyga lecanora, as a rich protein source was hydrolysed to generate antibacterial bioactive peptides using different proteolytic enzymes. Bromelain hydrolysate, after 1 h hydrolysis, exhibited the highestantibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Two dimensional fractionation strategies, using a semi-preparative RP-HPLC and an isoelectric-focusing electrophoresis, were applied for peptide profiling. Furthermore, UPLC-QTOF-MS was used for peptides identification; 12 peptide sequences were successfully identified. The antibacterial activity of purified peptides from A. lecanora on P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas sp., E. coli and S. aureus was investigated. These identified peptides exhibited growth inhibition against P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas sp., E. coli and S. aureus with values ranging from 18.80 to 75.30%. These results revealed that the A. lecanora would be used as an economical protein source for the production of high value antibacterial bioactive peptides.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bromelains
  11. High angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of Alcalase-digested green soybean (Glycine max) hydrolysates
    Hanafi MA, Hashim SN, Chay SY, Ebrahimpour A, Zarei M, Muhammad K, et al.
    Food Res Int, 2018 04;106:589-597.
    PMID: 29579964 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.030
    As a protein-rich, underutilized crop, green soybean could be exploited to produce hydrolysates containing angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides. Defatted green soybean was hydrolyzed using four different food-grade proteases (Alcalase, Papain, Flavourzyme and Bromelain) and their ACE inhibitory activities were evaluated. The Alcalase-generated green soybean hydrolysate showed the highest ACE inhibitory activity (IC50: 0.14 mg/mL at 6 h hydrolysis time) followed by Papain (IC50: 0.20 mg/mL at 5 h hydrolysis time), Bromelain (IC50: 0.36 mg/mL at 6 h hydrolysis time) and Flavourzyme (IC50: 1.14 mg/mL at 6 h hydrolysis time) hydrolysates. The Alcalase-generated hydrolysate was profiled based on its hydrophobicity and isoelectric point using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and isoelectric point focusing (IEF) fractionators. The Alcalase-generated green soybean hydrolysate comprising of peptides EAQRLLF, PSLRSYLAE, PDRSIHGRQLAE, FITAFR and RGQVLS, revealed the highest ACE inhibitory activity of 94.19%, 99.31%, 92.92%, 101.51% and 90.40%, respectively, while their IC50 values were 878 μM, 532 μM, 1552 μM, 1342 μM and 993 μM, respectively. It can be concluded that Alcalase-digested green soybean hydrolysates could be exploited as a source of peptides to be incorporated into functional foods with antihypertensive activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bromelains/chemistry
  12. Fulltext The effects of enzyme concentration, temperature and incubation time on nitrogen content and degree of hydrolysis of protein precipitate from cockle (Anadara granosa) meat wash water
    Haslaniza, H., Maskat, M.Y., Wan Aida, W.M., Mamot, S.
    International Food Research Journal, 2010;17(1):147-152.
    MyJurnal
    A study was carried out to determine the effect of enzyme concentration, temperature and incubation time of bromelain on nitrogen content (NC) and degree of hydrolysis (DH) of hydrolysate from cockle (Anadara granosa) meat wash water. Protein precipitation of cockle meat wash water was conducted at pH 4. The precipitate was then hydrolyzed using bromelain at concentrations of 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5% (enzyme/substrate). The best enzyme concentration was subsequently used to study the effect of incubation temperature at 30, 45 and 60°C. The best temperature was then used to determine the effect of incubation time at 0, 24 and 48 hours. Increasing bromelain concentration from 0 to 2.5% produced an increase in NC and DH. Similarly, increasing the incubation time from 0 to 48 hours also increased the value of NC and DH. However, while the increasing of incubation temperature from 30 to 60°C produced an increase in NC, no significant difference was observed for DH.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bromelains
  13. Fulltext Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of cockle (Anadara Granosa) meat wash water precipitate for the development of seafood flavor
    Haslaniza, H., Maskat, M. Y, Wan Aida, W. M., Mamot, S., Saadiah, I.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(6):3053-3059.
    MyJurnal
    Cockle (Anadara granosa) meat wash water precipitate was hydrolyzed using bromelain. Experiments were carried out to determine optimum conditions for temperature, enzyme concentration and hydrolysis time using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) to obtain the highest value of nitrogen content (NC) and degree of hydrolysis (DH). Results revealed that the optimum conditions for temperature, enzyme concentration and hydrolysis time were 33.7°C, 1.45% (E/S) and 28.42 hrs, respectively. At the optimum condition, hydrolysis of cockle meat wash water precipitate using bromelain resulted in a NC of 0.6% and DH of 48%. The NC and DH were significantly influenced by temperature, enzyme concentration and hydrolysis time. When the bromelain concentration, hydrolysis time and temperature were increased, the values of NC and DH also increased. The hydrolysate produced contained flavor compounds found in clam and oyster which were 3-methylbutanol and 1-pentanol. The compound 3-MCPD was not found in the hydrolysate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bromelains
  14. The anthelmintic efficacy of natural plant cysteine proteinases against two rodent cestodes Hymenolepis diminuta and Hymenolepis microstoma in vitro
    Mansur F, Luoga W, Buttle DJ, Duce IR, Lowe A, Behnke JM
    Vet Parasitol, 2014 Mar 17;201(1-2):48-58.
    PMID: 24462509 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.12.018
    Little is known about the efficacy of cysteine proteinases (CP) as anthelmintics for cestode infections. We examined the effects of CPs on two rodent cestodes, Hymenolepis diminuta and H. microstoma in vitro. Our data showed that naturally occurring mixtures of CPs, such as those found in papaya latex, and relatively pure preparations of fruit bromelain, papain and stem bromelain, were active in vitro against both juvenile, artificially excysted scoleces, as well as against adult worms of both rodent cestodes. Significant dose-dependent reduction in motility, ultimately leading to death of the worms, was observed with both species, and against both freshly excysted scoleces and 14-day old pre-adult worms. The most effective was fruit bromelain (after 30 min of incubation of juvenile H. diminuta and H. microstoma IC50=63 and 74 μM, respectively, and for pre-adult worms=199 and 260 μM, respectively). The least effective was stem bromelain (after 30 min of incubation of juvenile H. diminuta and H. microstoma IC50=2855 and 2772 μM, respectively, and for pre-adult worms=1374 and 1332 μM, respectively) and the efficacies of papaya latex supernatant and papain were between these extremes. In all cases these values are higher than those reported previously for efficacy of CPs against intestinal nematodes, and in contrast to nematodes, all CPs were effective against cestodes in the absence of exogenous cysteine in incubation media. The CPs appeared to attack the tegument resulting in generalised erosion mainly on the strobila. The scolex was more resistant to CP attack but nevertheless some damage to the tegument on the scolex was detected.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bromelains/pharmacology
  15. Fulltext Bromelain Enhances the Anti-tumor Effects of Cisplatin on 4T1 Breast Tumor Model In Vivo
    Mohamad NE, Abu N, Yeap SK, Alitheen NB
    Integr Cancer Ther, 2019 11 23;18:1534735419880258.
    PMID: 31752555 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419880258
    Background: This study aimed to evaluate the antitumor enhancing effect of bromelain consumption on 4T1-challenged mice treated with cisplatin. Methods: Mice challenged with 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer cells received water, bromelain, cisplatin, or bromelain + cisplatin treatment for 28 days. Tumor size was measured, and lung metastasis was evaluated by clonogenic assay. Expression of tumor inflammatory genes of the harvested tumor was quantified by polymerase chain reaction array and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results: All treatments significantly reduced the size of tumor and lung metastasis, with combination treatment showing the best effect. Also, bromelain alone and combination treatment showed downregulation of the expression of tumor inflammatory genes (Gremlin [GREM1], interleukin 1β [IL-1β], interleukin-4 [IL-4], nuclear factor κB subunit 1 [NFκB1], and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 [PTGS2]), tumor nitric oxide level, and serum IL-1β, and IL-4 levels. On the other hand, cisplatin treatment increased the expression of selected inflammatory markers. Conclusion: This study suggests that bromelain treatment could potentiate the antitumor effect of cisplatin on triple-negative breast cancer 4T1 cells through modulating the tumor environmental inflammation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bromelains/pharmacology*
  16. Naturally occurring immunomodulators with antitumor activity: An insight on their mechanisms of action
    Mohamed SIA, Jantan I, Haque MA
    Int Immunopharmacol, 2017 Sep;50:291-304.
    PMID: 28734166 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.07.010
    Natural products with immunomodulatory activity are widely used in treatment of many diseases including autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disorders in addition to cancer. They gained a great interest in the last decades as therapeutic agents since they provide inexpensive and less toxic products than the synthetic chemotherapeutic agents. Immunomodulators are the agents that have the ability to boost or suppress the host defense response that can be used as a prophylaxis as well as in combination with other therapeutic modalities. The anticancer activity of these immunomodulators is due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and induction of apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis, and anti-metastasis effect. These natural immunomodulators such as genistein, curcumin, and resveratrol can be used as prophylaxis against the initiation of cancer besides the inhibition of tumor growth and proliferation. Whereas, immunostimulants can elicit and activate humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against the tumor that facilitate the recognition and destruction of the already existing tumor. This review represents the recent studies on various natural immunomodulators with antitumor effects. We have focused on the relationship between their anticancer activity and immunomodulatory mechanisms. The mechanisms of action of various immunomodulators such as polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, organosulfur compounds, capsaicin, vinca alkaloids, bromelain, betulinic acid and zerumbone, the affected cancerous cell lines in addition to the targeted molecules and transcriptional pathways have been review and critically analyzed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bromelains
  17. Fulltext In Silico and In Vitro Study of the Bromelain-Phytochemical Complex Inhibition of Phospholipase A2 (Pla2)
    Mohamed Tap F, Abd Majid FA, Ismail HF, Wong TS, Shameli K, Miyake M, et al.
    Molecules, 2018 Jan 19;23(1).
    PMID: 29351216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010073
    Phospholipase A2 (Pla2) is an enzyme that induces inflammation, making Pla2 activity an effective approach to reduce inflammation. Therefore, investigating natural compounds for this Pla2 inhibitory activity has important therapeutic potential. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential in bromelain-phytochemical complex inhibitors via a combination of in silico and in vitro methods. Bromelain-amenthoflavone displays antagonistic effects on Pla2. Bromelian-asiaticoside and bromelain-diosgenin displayed synergistic effects at high concentrations of the combined compounds, with inhibition percentages of more than 70% and 90%, respectively, and antagonistic effects at low concentrations. The synergistic effect of the bromelain-asiaticoside and bromelain-diosgenin combinations represents a new application in treating inflammation. These findings not only provide significant quantitative data, but also provide an insight on valuable implications for the combined use of bromelain with asiaticoside and diosgenin in treating inflammation, and may help researchers develop more natural bioactive compounds in daily foods as anti-inflammatory agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bromelains/pharmacology; Bromelains/chemistry*
  18. Fulltext Optimization of Bromelain-Aided Production of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Hydrolysates from Stone Fish Using Response Surface Methodology
    Muhammad Auwal S, Zarei M, Abdul-Hamid A, Saari N
    Mar Drugs, 2017 Mar 31;15(4).
    PMID: 28362352 DOI: 10.3390/md15040104
    The stone fish is an under-utilized sea cucumber with many nutritional and ethno-medicinal values. This study aimed to establish the conditions for its optimum hydrolysis with bromelain to generate angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory hydrolysates. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design was used to model and optimize the degree of hydrolysis (DH) and ACE-inhibitory activity. Process conditions including pH (4-7), temperature (40-70 °C), enzyme/substrate (E/S) ratio (0.5%-2%) and time (30-360 min) were used. A pH of 7.0, temperature of 40 °C, E/S ratio of 2% and time of 240 min were determined using a response surface model as the optimum levels to obtain the maximum ACE-inhibitory activity of 84.26% at 44.59% degree of hydrolysis. Hence, RSM can serve as an effective approach in the design of experiments to improve the antihypertensive effect of stone fish hydrolysates, which can thus be used as a value-added ingredient for various applications in the functional foods industries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bromelains/chemistry*
  19. Fulltext Recombinant bromelain production in Escherichia coli: process optimization in shake flask culture by response surface methodology
    Muntari B, Amid A, Mel M, Jami MS, Salleh HM
    AMB Express, 2012;2:12.
    PMID: 22336426 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-2-12
    Bromelain, a cysteine protease with various therapeutic and industrial applications, was expressed in Escherichia coli, BL21-AI clone, under different cultivation conditions (post-induction temperature, L-arabinose concentration and post-induction period). The optimized conditions by response surface methodology using face centered central composite design were 0.2% (w/v) L-arabinose, 8 hr and 25°C. The analysis of variance coupled with larger value of R2 (0.989) showed that the quadratic model used for the prediction was highly significant (p < 0.05). Under the optimized conditions, the model produced bromelain activity of 9.2 U/mg while validation experiments gave bromelain activity of 9.6 ± 0.02 U/mg at 0.15% (w/v) L-arabinose, 8 hr and 27°C. This study had innovatively developed cultivation conditions for better production of recombinant bromelain in shake flask culture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bromelains
  20. Fulltext Efficacy of selected purification techniques for bromelain
    Nadzirah, K.Z., Zainal, S., Noriham, A., Normah, I.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(1):43-46.
    MyJurnal
    Bromelain is one of the vegetal proteases found in pineapple plant. It has numerous applications in food and pharmaceuticals. This review discussed different bromelain purification techniques which will assist in determining the effect of processing conditions on the purification efficacy. There are four purification techniques to be discussed, namely; reverse micellar system, aqueous two phase extraction, cation exchange chromatography and ammonium sulphate precipitation. Of the four techniques, cation exchange chromatography had shown the best bromelain purification technique with purification fold of 10.0 followed by reverse micellar system containing CTAB/ isooctane/ hexanol/ butanol, ATPE containing PEG polymer, ammonium sulphate precipitation and ATPE containing PEO-PPO-PEO with purification fold of 5.2, 4.0, 2.81 and 1.25, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bromelains
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