Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 99 in total

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  1. "Once a Caesarean section"
    Kuah KB
    Med J Malaya, 1970 Sep;25(1):38-42.
    PMID: 4249492
    Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix/complications
  2. Salzmann's nodular degeneration of the cornea
    Vannas A, Hogan MJ, Wood I
    Am J Ophthalmol, 1975 Feb;79(2):211-9.
    PMID: 46719
    Eleven corneal specimens from nine patients with Salzmann's nodular degeneration of the cornea, together with all available clinical information, were collected for this study. The specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy. An antecedent keratitis was diagnosed by history and microscopic findings in every case. The corneal epithelium showed degenerative changes, its thickness varied, and in nodular areas it often consisted of only a single layer of flattened epithelial cells by light microscopy. Bowman's membrane was missing over the nodules, and in this zone there was excessive secretion of a basement membrane-like material. Hyaline degeneration of collagen, cellular debris, and electron-dense hyaline deposits were seen in the collagen of the nodules. The number of fibrocytes in the nodules varied from many that were active to a few that were degenerating. External irritation because of poor epithelial protection was interpreted as a causative factor, although other tissue repair mechanisms may also have played a role.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix/pathology
  3. Rupture of the pregnant uterus--a 21-year review
    Rachagan SP, Raman S, Balasundram G, Balakrishnan S
    Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1991 Feb;31(1):37-40.
    PMID: 1872771
    Uterine rupture is still a common problem in developing countries although even here the incidence varies from urban to rural settings. This article is a review of uterine rupture in an urban referral hospital in Malaysia. It examines aetiology, clinical presentation, complications and management of the problem. Meticulous screening of patients together with optimal antenatal and intrapartum care will markedly reduce the incidence of uterine rupture. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment will further help reduce morbidity and mortality to both mother and fetus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
  4. Fulltext Management Of Zygomatico-Orbital Fractures Using Rigid Internal Fixation With Cosmetic Surgical Considerations - Case Report
    Ong, A.H.M.
    Ann Dent, 1996;3(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    The current standard of managing facial bone fractures is the use of rigid internal fixation. This method provides good stabilization and repair for mid-face fractures such as the zygomatico-orbitalfracture. Nowadays, for the young and old, patients want not only rapid bone healing, but also good facial aesthetics after surgical treatment following maxillofacial trauma. Therefore, osteosynthesis of fractures and inconspicuous post-operative scars are considered essential. The lower eyelid approach or modified blepharoplasty provides rapid access to the infraorbital rim as well as the orbital floor, while the lateral eyebrow incision gives direct access for fixation at the fronto-zygomatic suture. Combining the Gillies' approach and a single form of rigid internal fixation, good cosmetic results and function can be achieved. Cases using the micro-plate-system for thin infraorbital bones and the miniplate- system for thicker facial bones involving zygomatico-orbital fractures are described.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
  5. The prevalence of cardiac murmurs amongst standard one schoolchildren in the district of Gombak
    Yong, J.F., Zulkifli, H.I., Che' Zuraifah, A.Z.
    Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1998;10(1):28-33.
    MyJurnal
    Background - Cardiac mumurs are common in childhood and are often innocent in nature. With careful examination, most innocent murmurs can be reliably diagnosed by a paediatric cardiologist, thus obviating the need for further investigations.

    Aim - To look at the prevalence of cardiac murmurs amongst standard one schoolchildren in an urban setting, and calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of clinical diagnosis in differentiating innocent from pathological murmurs.

    Methods - One thousand three hundred and fourteen students from 7 primary schools in the district of Gombak were examined during a routine school health examination. Those who were found to have murmurs were referred for echocardiography. A diagnosis was made at the time of clinical examination and following echocardiography. Children with median sternotomy, lateral or posterior thoracotomy scars or those with previously diagnosed cardiac lesions were excludedfrom the study.

    Results - Thirty six children were referred for echocardiography out of which 2 were confirmed to have underlying cardiac disease on echocardiography. The prevalence of previously undiagnosed cardiac mumurs in this study was 3%. The sensitivity of clinical examination in diagnosing pathological murmurs was 100% while the specificity was 75%. Positive predictive value was 25% and negative predictive value was 100%. Forty three percent of the students who underwent echocardiography were found to have trivial pulmonary regurgitatibn on Doppler echocardiography.

    Conclusion - The prevalence of previously undiagnosed cardiac murmurs is low in this study. This may be due to the fact that they are detected and treated at an earlier age. There is need to conduct a similar study in a rural setting to compare the results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
  6. Fulltext Tuberculin reactivity and subsequent development of tuberculosis in a cohort of student nurses
    Jeyakumar D
    Med J Malaysia, 1999 Dec;54(4):492-5.
    PMID: 11072468
    This retrospective study documents a strong correlation between tuberculin reactivity and the subsequent development of active tuberculosis in student nurses. 12% of the 25 student nurses with tuberculin reactions above 20 mm developed tuberculosis over a period of 2 years, compared to only 0.3% of the 341 student nurses with reactions of 20 mm or less. The implications of these findings for preventive therapy are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix/etiology
  7. Scar endometriosis presenting as an acute abdomen: a case report
    Khoo JJ
    Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2003 Apr;43(2):164-5.
    PMID: 14712976
    Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
  8. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective clinical trial of silicone gel in prevention of hypertrophic scar development in median sternotomy wound
    Chan KY, Lau CL, Adeeb SM, Somasundaram S, Nasir-Zahari M
    Plast Reconstr Surg, 2005 Sep 15;116(4):1013-20; discussion 1021-2.
    PMID: 16163087
    BACKGROUND: Hypertrophic scarring caused by sternotomy is prevalent among Asians. The effectiveness of silicone gel in scar prevention may influence the decision of surgeons and patients regarding its routine use during the postoperative period.

    METHODS: The authors conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective clinical trial. The susceptibility to scar development varied among patients; therefore, sternal wounds were divided into the upper half and the lower half. Two types of coded gel prepared by an independent pharmacist were used on either half. Thus, selection and assessment biases and confounders were eliminated.

    RESULTS: One hundred wounds in 50 patients were randomized into two arms, 50 control and 50 silicone gels. The median age was 61 years and there were 34 men and 16 women. Ethnic distribution was 28 Malays, 18 Chinese, and four Indians. No side effect caused by the silicone gel was noted. Ninety-eight percent of patients had moderate to good compliance. The incidence of sternotomy scar was 94 percent. At the third month postoperatively, the silicone gel wounds were scored lower when compared with the control wounds. The differences were statistically significant in all parameters, including pigmentation (p = 0.02), vascularity (p = 0.001), pliability (p = 0.001), height (p = 0.001), pain (p = 0.001), and itchiness (p = 0.02).

    CONCLUSIONS: The effect of silicone gel in prevention of hypertrophic scar development in sternotomy wounds is promising. There are no side effects and patients' compliance is satisfactory. This study may popularize the use of silicone gel in all types of surgery to minimize the formation of hypertrophic scars in the early postoperative period.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix, Hypertrophic/ethnology; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic/prevention & control*
  9. Fulltext CT appearances of Marjolin's ulcer in the left gluteal region of a young man
    Mohamed S, Abdullah B, Singh DA, Heng KS
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2006 Jul;2(3):e26.
    PMID: 21614240 DOI: 10.2349/biij.2.3.e26
    Chronic wounds and scar tissues are prone to skin cancer. In 1828, Jean-Nicholas Marjolin described the occurrence of tumours in post-traumatic scar tissue. He did not, however, identify the warty ulcers he described as malignant. It was Dupuytren, who about two years later, noted that these lesions were cancerous. The eponym was bestowed by Da Costa in 1903. Marjolin's ulcer no longer refers only to carcinomas secondary to burns and is classified as a malignancy that arises from previously traumatised, chronically inflamed, or scarred skin. It has been reported in relation to osteomyelitis, venous stasis ulcer, tropical ulcers, chronic decubitus ulcer, frostbite, pilonidal sinus, vaccination site, urinary fistula, hidradenitis suppurativa, skin graft donor site, gunshot wounds, puncture wounds, dog bites, and lupus rash. Early arising Marjolin's ulcer has rarely been described in literature. In this case report, we present the CT appearances of Marjolin's ulcer in the left gluteal region of a young man.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
  10. Sutureless skin closure for cleft lip repair
    Mourougayan V
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2006 Nov;43(6):656-8.
    PMID: 17105330
    To study the quality of scars following the use of butyl cyanoacrylate to close the skin during cleft lip repair.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix/classification; Cicatrix/pathology
  11. Fulltext Outcome of Various Pterygium Excision Techniques in Tertiary Ophthalmic Centre in East Coast Malaysia
    Khairidzan, M.K., Fatimah, S.S., Thangasamy, V.K.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2006;5(1):1-2.
    MyJurnal
    Pterygium is a common external eye problem. It is more frequently seen in tropical areas regions where exposure to ultraviolet sunlight is high. Clinically, a pterygium is a wing shaped fibrovascular growth arising from the bulbar conjunctiva onto the superficial cornea. Complications of pterygium include decreased in visual acuity, dryness, foreign body sensation and persistent redness. Surgical management is the mainstay of treatment for this condition. Numerous surgical techniques have been described in the treatment of pterygium. They include the bare sclera technique, simple direct conjunctival closure, rotational conjunctival graft and conjunctival autograft. Additional treatment to some of these techniques may include the use of beta particle therapy and antimetabolite therapy. Despite the wide range of surgical procedures described for its treatment, the main concern from these procedures has been the recurrence, which could be as high as 30% to 70%. Recurrent pterygium is often accompanied by increased conjunctival inflammation and accelerated corneal involvement. Repeated surgical procedures often only worsen the situation, as loss of conjunctival tissue and scarring can result in obliteration of the fornices and mechanical restriction of extraocular movements, with clinically significant diplopia. In Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, pterygium excision is the most common surgical procedure after cataract extraction. We reviewed patients who had undergone pterygium surgery in HTAA in order to determine the most effective surgical method that could minimize recurrence. PURPOSE: To compare success rates of various excision techniques performed for primary and recurrent pterygium in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang.
    METHODS: The outcome of 47 cases of pterygia (44 primary and 3 recurrent) excised with various techniques between January 2004 to September 2004 was retrospectively reviewed. Six clinical specialists and four trainees performed the surgical procedures. Outcome was evaluated in terms of recurrence of pterygia onto the cornea. RESULTS: The mean follow up was 3.04 months (range, 1-7 months). All pterygia were morphologically graded as intermediate or fleshy type except one. Four types of pterygium excision techniques were performed. Twenty-four cases had bare sclera, seventeen cases had conjunctival autograft transplantation, six cases had direct conjunctival closure and one had amniotic membrane transplantation done. Recurrence of pterygia occurred in thirteen eyes. Twelve cases from primary pterygia group and one case from recurrent group recurred. Recurrence rate was noted to be higher in direct conjunctival closure (4 out of 6 cases) and lowest in conjunctival autograft transplantation (2 out of 17 cases). Recurrence rate for bare sclera technique was noted to rank second in this study (6 out of 24 cases). In five cases of recurrence, subconjunctival tissue invasions were more than 1 mm but further surgical interventions were not needed at the time of this review was done. CONCLUSIONS: Conjunctival autografting was found to have less recurrent rate when compared with other techniques. The bare sclera technique was quoted to be associated with higher recurrence rate in other literatures. Interestingly in our series, recurrence rate for direct conjunctival closure technique was higher when compared to the former technique. This may be related to inadequate excision of pterygia tissue, which led to direct apposition of abnormal tissue to the cornea in the direct conjunctival closure technique. Even though the bare sclera technique is associated with a higher recurrence rate, it is still the preferred excision technique. This could be because it is less time consuming and technically easier to perform. Based on this study, conjunctival autografting should be the surgical procedure of choice for pteryigum in order to minimise the risk of recurrence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
  12. Fulltext Extrapelvic Endometriosis: A report of two cases
    Nor Azlin, M.I., Amelia, A.Z., Zainul Rashid, M.R.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2006;5(1):1-4.
    MyJurnal
    Extrapelvic endometriosis is fairly rare and may occur in numerous sites throughout the body. Unnecessary investigation may be performed before the diagnosis could be made. Here we present two cases where endometriotic nodules occurred on a caesarean section scar and in the vagina. Further management is discussed in the report.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
  13. Fulltext Natural features technique for non-contact three dimensional craniofacial anthropometry using stereophotogrammetry
    Majid, Z., Chong, A., Setan, H., Ahmad, A., Rajion, Z.A.
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2006;1(1):42-50.
    MyJurnal
    This paper describes the use of stereophotogrammetry approach to measure and hence identify accurately threedimensional (3D) coordinates of important landmarks on a craniofacial surface. A "novel" technique dubbed as "natural features" technique was employed to accurately compute the 3D coordinates of selected craniofacial landmarks. The natural features technique involves the use of 3D coordinates of the natural features (such as acne, scar, corners of eyes, edge of mouth, point of chin, etc.) that appear on the craniofacial surface as an absolute stereophotogrammetric mapping control points. The 3D coordinates of the natural features were gained using digital photogrammetric bundle adjustment method. Validation of the proposed technique has firstly been carried out using mannequin and finally, it was applied on the real-life human faces. The result shows that the craniofacial landmark measurement accuracy of 0.8mm with one standard deviation can be successfully achieved by the proposed technique.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
  14. A viable secondary intra-abdominal pregnancy resulting from rupture of uterine scar: role of MRI
    Teng HC, Kumar G, Ramli NM
    Br J Radiol, 2007 Jul;80(955):e134-6.
    PMID: 17704308
    Pre-natal diagnosis of intra-abdominal pregnancy is difficult. Ultrasound has been the frontline modality to date; however, it gives a diagnostic error of 50-90% and its use is disappointing. In recent years, MRI has emerged as an appealing imaging modality. With its good soft tissue contrast and non-ionizing property, it acts as a means of definitive non-invasive assessment before surgical intervention when ultrasound is inconclusive.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix/pathology
  15. Fulltext Predictors for caesarean delivery and neonatal admission after trial of labour in women with one previous lower segment caesarean scar
    Tan PC, Subramaniam RN, Omar SZ
    Singapore Med J, 2008 Mar;49(3):188-92.
    PMID: 18362998
    Caesarean delivery rates are still increasing, and reliable predictors of adverse outcomes at a subsequent trial of scar are important as they guide decision-making on the best mode of delivery. We aimed to evaluate whether there are any predictors for caesarean delivery and neonatal admission, following trial of labour after one lower transverse caesarean section.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix/etiology*
  16. Fulltext Retrospective Review of Kirschner Wire Fixation andCasting for Displaced Lateral Condylar Fracture of theHumerus in Children
    Gooi, S.G, Chee, E.K., Wong, C.L., Mohana, R., Khoo, E.H., Thevarajan, K.
    Malays Orthop J, 2008;2(2):17-20.
    MyJurnal
    This study was conducted to assess the optimum period for Kirschner wire fixation and cast immobilization for displaced lateral condylar fracture of the humerus in children. We retrospectively reviewed 12 patients with displaced lateral condyle humerus fracture, ranging in age from 3-9 y, with injuries that occurred between Jan 2005 and Dec 2006. All patients were treated with two Kirschner wire fixation and elbow immobilization. In all except 2 patients, the Kirschner wires were maintained for 3 to 4 weeks. Mean time for union was 3.78 weeks and mean humeroulnar arch motion at last review was 138.7 degrees. Only one patient had a 5 degree increased carrying angle in valgus as compared to the non-injured side, and 50% had prominent scars > 4mm. We conclude that fracture union can be expected within three to four weeks for most children after open reduction and fixation with 2 Kirschner wires.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
  17. Fulltext Acceleration of wound healing by orthosiphon stamineus leaf extract in rats
    Mahmood, A.A., Hapipah, M.A., Noor, S.M., Kuppusamy, U.R., Salmah, I., Salmah, I., et al.
    ASM Science Journal, 2009;3(1):51-57.
    MyJurnal
    The effects of topical application of Orthosiphon stamineus leaf extract on the rate of wound healing and histology of the healed wound were assessed. Four groups of adult male Sprague Dawley rats were experimentally wounded in the posterior neck area. A thin layer of blank placebo was applied topically to wounds of Group 1 rats. Wounds of experimental animals (Group 2 and 3) were dressed with placebo containing 5% and 10% O. stamineus extract, respectively. A thin layer of Intrasite gel® was applied topically to wounds of Group 4 animals as reference. Macroscopically, wounds dressed with placebo containing 5% (healed on day 14.50 ± 0.43) and 10% (healed on day 13.83 ± 0.21) O. stamineus extract each or Intrasite gel® (healed on day 13.13 ± 0.42) significantly accelerated the rate of wound healing compared to wounds dressed with blank placebo. Histological analysis of healed wounds confirmed the results. Wounds dressed with placebo containing 5%, 10% O.stamineus or Intrasite gel® showed markedly less scar width at wound enclosure and granulating tissue contained markedly more collagen, proliferating fibroblast with angiogenesis, and no inflammatory cells compared to wounds dressed with blank placebo. In conclusion, placebo containing 5% or 10% O. stamineus on extract-dressed wounds significantly accelerated the rate of wound healing in rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
  18. Fulltext A preliminary study of genetic differentiation of two important cultured oyster species, Crassostrea iredalei and C. belcheri in Malaysia based on cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene
    Suzana M., Siti Azizah M. N., Devakie, M. N.
    Buletin Persatuan Genetik Malaysia, 2009;14(1):14-17.
    MyJurnal
    This paper reports on a preliminary genetic investigation of two commercially cultured oyster species, white and black scar oysters, Crassostrea belcheri and C. iredalei, respectively. A total
    of 68 individuals from three different areas in Malaysia namely a C. belcheri sample from Semporna (Sabah) and two populations of C. iredalei from Trai (Sabah) and Setiu (Terengganu) were
    collected and analysed based on sequence analysis of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). Alignment of COI gene was done using Alignment Explorer/CLUSTAL in Mega4.1. Genetic distances
    within and between populations were calculated using Kimura 2-parameter. Phylogenetic dendograms were generated by Neighbour-Joining (NJ) and Maximum Parsimony (MP) methods.
    The ingroup taxa were divided into two main clusters separating C. iredalei and C. belcheri with 99% bootstrap value. The two C. iredalei populations were homogeneous suggesting high
    connectivity in the South China Sea for this species. The common central haplotype in the minimum spanning networks programme is believed to be the ancestral variant for the two species. The
    findings from this study provides important baseline data for the aquaculture, management and monitoring of cultured populations of the oyster species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
  19. Fulltext Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release - A Prospective Study of Functional Outcome
    Ravindran, T., Sara, T., Loh, Y.C.
    Malays Orthop J, 2009;3(1):46-52.
    MyJurnal
    To evaluate the functional outcome of patients who underwent endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR). This was a prospective study in 24 patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome undergoing ECTR. Patient assessment entailing both subjective and objective tests at intervals of two and six weeks, three, six and nine months and finally at one year postoperatively. Our assessment results showed overall improvement in symptoms. As early as two weeks post-operatively, there was a low incidence of pillar pain and scar tenderness, allowing patients to return to work early. There were no serious complications. ECTR can be effectively performed with a low perioperative and late postoperative rate of complications. This minimally invasive method can be an option of surgical treatment for patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, who intend to return to work soon after surgery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
  20. Fulltext Major cellular events in peripheral nerve regeneration: A brief overview
    Naidu, M., David, P.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2009;8(1):61-64.
    MyJurnal
    Injury to a peripheral nerve leads to degeneration of the segment distal to the site of lesion, a process referred to as Wallerian degeneration. During Wallerian degeneration, axons and myelin sheaths undergo degeneration and are phagocytosed by macrophages and Schwann cells. The Schwann cells proliferate and the endoneurial tubes persist, together the whole structure is known as the band of Büngner. Within few hours, the damaged axons in the proximal stump initiate a regeneration response, with formation of new growth cones. During Wallerian degeneration, neurotrophins, neural cell adhesion molecules, cytokines and other soluble factors are upregulated to facilitate regeneration. The recovery of the target in mammals is often variable, but almost never complete. In humans, scar tissue forms at the site of lesion and this often results in poor recovery of the target. The major events underlying this regenerative process is highlighted and discussed in this review.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
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