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Multi-stage Imaging Retrieval: A Relevance Feedback Retrieval with Nearest Neighbour Clusters

Tengku M.T. Sembok

Sains Malaysiana, 1996;25.

Imaging Retrieval is a retrieval strategy which is based on modal logic where documents are viewed as possible worlds which are related through an accessibility relation established using their similarity/dissimilarity coefficients. With these accessibility relation documents are grouped into clusters based on a nearest neighbour concept. The work reported in this paper sets out to implement and evaluate the imaging retrieval as a relevance feedback retrieval with nearest neighbour clusters. The retrieval is implemented in two variations: a one-stage and a multi-stage retrieval. The results obtained from the experiments are enough to show the viability and validity of this strategy and to support it as something worth looking into further.
Capaian Imejan ialah satu strategi capaian yang berasaskan mantik yang menganggap dukumen sebagai dunia mungkin yang berkaitan. Kaitan antara dokumen ialah hubungan capaian yang dilahirkan dengan menggunakan koefisien persamaan. Dengan hubungan capaian ini dokumen boleh dikumpulkan dalam kelompok berdasarkan konsep jiran terdekat. Kerja yang dilaporkan dalam kertas ini bertujuan untuk melaksanakan dan menilai capaian imejan sebagai capaian kerelevanan bermaklum balas dengan kelompok jiran terdekat. Capaian tersebut dilaksanakan dalam dua bentuk: capaian satu tahap dan multi tahap. Hasil yang diperolehi dari eksperimen adalah mencukupi untuk menunjukkan keupayaan dan kesahan strategi ini dan memberi sokongan sebagai sesuatu yang patut dikaji dengan lebih mendalam.

Matched MeSH terms: Feedback
Problem-based learning (PBL): making an impact in education

Azila NMA, Sim SM, Tan CPL, Alhady SF

JUMMEC, 1999;4<I> </I>:94-98.

Problem-based learning (PBL) i s an educational reform that is now becoming a household word in higher education, particularly in medical schools. Many medical schools have implemented a full problem-based learning curriculum (PBLC) whiIe some have included PBL into selected units of the course in an otherwise conventional cumculum (embedded PBL) and others run their tutorials in a PBL manner within a modified conventional curriculum (hybrid curriculum). Yet there are others who claim that small components of PBL in a conventional curriculum are not PBL at all. Thus amateurs in the subject matter find difficulty in evaluating the logistics and outcome of these variations. This article focuses or, the general characteristics of PBL and how this learning method can help enhance independent learning and critical thinking, whether in a full, embedded or hybrid curriculum. The extent of PBL to be included and which of the three types is to be adopted depends on the objective of the undergraduate medical course as determined by the faculty, resources available, limitations, feedback on the existing curriculum and various other factors. KEYWORDS: Problem-based Learning (PBL); Embedded PBL; Hybrid PBL; New Integrated Curriculum (NIC).

Matched MeSH terms: Feedback
An examination of raters' and ratees' preferences in process and feedback in performance appraisal

Manshor AT, Kamalanabhan TJ

Psychol Rep, 2000 Feb;86(1):203-14.
PMID: 10778271

This paper examined the raters' and the ratees' preferences in Malaysia regarding the performance appraisal process and feedback. A total of 52 managers (raters) and 122 subordinates (ratees) participated. Analysis by t test and correlation showed significant differences between raters and the ratees on most factors. Ratees preferred to have more frequent appraisals than once a year and preferred to have more frequent feedback from the managers about their performance. Ratees' preference for the purpose of information on performance was towards salary increase, promotion, training, and career development whereas the raters gave more importance to training and career development.

Matched MeSH terms: Feedback*
Overexposure analysis of pulsed distributed feedback laser source

Khan N, Idrees A

J Biomed Opt, 2001 Jan;6(1):86-9.
PMID: 11178584

The goal of this study is to assess the risk of overexposure, when DFB dye laser is used for medical treatment in pulsed mode operation. Results of experimental study showing an unexpected rise of energy in pulses of distributed feedback dye laser (DFDL) output due to temperature phase gratings in dye cell during passively Q switched and mode-locked operation is reported. This unintended increase in the number of pulses, pulse duration, per pulse energy may cause side effects, when used for selective photothermolysis. To probe this phenomenon the most commonly used Rh6G dye was excited with 10-20 pulses of second harmonic of a passively Q switched and mode-locked Nd:yttrium-aluminum-garnet(YAG) laser. The outputs of DFDL and Nd:YAG laser were recorded by an Imacon-675 streak camera. The peak of DFDL output pulses was found delayed proportionally from the peak of the Nd:YAG pulses by more than an interpulse period of excitation laser. A computer program was used to simulate the experimentally measured results to estimate the thermal decay constants and energy retained by medium. The delay between peaks of Nd:YAG (input) and DFDL (output) pulses was found to vary from 10 to 14 ns for various cavity lengths. It was interesting to note that for smaller inter-pulse periods the effect of gradual gain buildup satisfied the threshold conditions for some of the pulses that otherwise cannot lase. This may lead to unintended increase in energy fluence causing overexposure-induced bio effects.

Matched MeSH terms: Feedback
Evaluation of classroom teaching by students and peers for many purposes in academia

El-Sabban F

JUMMEC, 2001;6:24-29.

Improving upon the quality of teaching by teaching staff at all educational institutions is oil very significant objective. Eva luation of teaching performed by individuals at such institutions would be instrumental in assessing the quality of such teaching and a tool towards its improvement. In this article, one scheme for teaching evaluation by students and another by peers are proposed and discussed. Assessment by students may provide contrasting results to those obtained from peers. For a "just and fair'" overalJ assessment of one's teaching., it is recommended that students' evaluation would be combined with those of peers. Results of such an evaluation of teaching should be perceived as being valuable in providing feedback to the teacher and can be utilized for many purposes by academicians and administrators. KEYlVORDS: Academia, classroom teaching., evaluation by peers, evaluation by students, proposed schemes.

Matched MeSH terms: Feedback
Model of a multiple-line distributed-feedback dye laser

Khan N

Appl Opt, 2004 Jan 20;43(3):678-81.
PMID: 14765930

The theoretical basis for simultaneous oscillation of 2N - 3 laser lines is due to interference of N (for all even N > or = 2) pump beams in a distributed-feedback dye laser is described. Multiple gratings are produced in a dye solution by interference patterns of N/2 pairs of a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser. N/2 pairs of mutually time-delayed pulses induce multiple gratings of different periodicities, of which 2N - 3 gratings support oscillation of 2N - 3 lines and the remaining gratings, because of their larger periods, cannot support Bragg scattering. The maximum number of laser lines depends on the mutual delay between adjacent pairs of beams, coherence, states of polarization, pulse lengths, and of course the number of pulses. For three pairs of excitation beams derived from the same source through wave-front or amplitude phase division techniques, the output lasing lines varied from a minimum of three to a maximum of nine. This research was carried out by pumping of a dye solution with two, four, and six pulses, but the principle may be extended to multiple output lines, depending on the number of pump pulses and on the gain of the dye solution.

Matched MeSH terms: Feedback
Novel direct and self-regulating approaches to determine optimum growing multi-experts network structure

Loo CK, Rajeswari M, Rao MV

IEEE Trans Neural Netw, 2004 Nov;15(6):1378-95.
PMID: 15565767

This paper presents two novel approaches to determine optimum growing multi-experts network (GMN) structure. The first method called direct method deals with expertise domain and levels in connection with local experts. The growing neural gas (GNG) algorithm is used to cluster the local experts. The concept of error distribution is used to apportion error among the local experts. After reaching the specified size of the network, redundant experts removal algorithm is invoked to prune the size of the network based on the ranking of the experts. However, GMN is not ergonomic due to too many network control parameters. Therefore, a self-regulating GMN (SGMN) algorithm is proposed. SGMN adopts self-adaptive learning rates for gradient-descent learning rules. In addition, SGMN adopts a more rigorous clustering method called fully self-organized simplified adaptive resonance theory in a modified form. Experimental results show SGMN obtains comparative or even better performance than GMN in four benchmark examples, with reduced sensitivity to learning parameters setting. Moreover, both GMN and SGMN outperform the other neural networks and statistical models. The efficacy of SGMN is further justified in three industrial applications and a control problem. It provides consistent results besides holding out a profound potential and promise for building a novel type of nonlinear model consisting of several local linear models.

Matched MeSH terms: Feedback*
Promoting problem-based learning (PBL) in nursing education: A Malaysian experience

Achike FI, Nain N

Nurse Educ Pract, 2005 Sep;5(5):302-11.
PMID: 19040837 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2005.04.002

Since the introduction of problem-based learning (PBL) into medical education in the late 1960s, several new and old medical schools have adopted this approach the main attraction of which includes the promotion of student-centered and life-long learning, team spirit, communication skills and enquiry. With an ever-increasing information base and changing attitudes in the health sciences, these are highly desirable characteristics of the health worker of the future, who will be required to grapple with these phenomenal changes. From medical education, the PBL approach has inevitably spread to other disciplines, especially the health-related disciplines. In the Asia-pacific region (Malaysia in particular), PBL was introduced into medical education in the early 1970s, but the growth has been slow; the reasons are discussed. Only recently (in the 1990s) have more medical and non-medical schools started to adopt PBL. The management of the Pantai Institute of Health Science and Nursing decided to adopt PBL for the Nursing curriculum. A one-day introductory workshop was, therefore, organized to expedite the process. Post-workshop feedback obtained through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire indicated a successful outcome. The workshop process is, therefore, documented as reference especially for Nursing colleges in places where PBL expertise is in short supply.

Matched MeSH terms: Feedback
Fulltext Learning resources and activities: students' feedback from two Malaysian medical schools

Leong KC, Teng CL, Ng CJ

Med J Malaysia, 2007 Aug;62(3):265-7.
PMID: 18246926

In a survey of clinical students in two Malaysian medical schools, it was found that students used a wide variety of learning resources, but textbooks were still the primary source of their information. Students had positive views about clinical teaching and lectures but somewhat lower opinions on problem-based learning. They generally did not perceive lecturers as facilitators, role models and counselors. In spite of the stated curricular goals of promoting self-directed learning via problem-based learning, students in these medical schools were driven by the nature of examinations and focused mainly on clinical contents rather than the process of learning.

Matched MeSH terms: Feedback*
Perception of pharmacy students in Malaysia on the use of objective structured clinical examinations to evaluate competence

Awaisu A, Mohamed MH, Al-Efan QA

Am J Pharm Educ, 2007 Dec 15;71(6):118.
PMID: 19503702

OBJECTIVES: To assess bachelor of pharmacy students' overall perception and acceptance of an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), a new method of clinical competence assessment in pharmacy undergraduate curriculum at our Faculty, and to explore its strengths and weaknesses through feedback.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted via a validated 49-item questionnaire, administered immediately after all students completed the examination. The questionnaire comprised of questions to evaluate the content and structure of the examination, perception of OSCE validity and reliability, and rating of OSCE in relation to other assessment methods. Open-ended follow-up questions were included to generate qualitative data.
RESULTS: Over 80% of the students found the OSCE to be helpful in highlighting areas of weaknesses in their clinical competencies. Seventy-eight percent agreed that it was comprehensive and 66% believed it was fair. About 46% felt that the 15 minutes allocated per station was inadequate. Most importantly, about half of the students raised concerns that personality, ethnicity, and/or gender, as well as interpatient and inter-assessor variability were potential sources of bias that could affect their scores. However, an overwhelming proportion of the students (90%) agreed that the OSCE provided a useful and practical learning experience.
CONCLUSIONS: Students' perceptions and acceptance of the new method of assessment were positive. The survey further highlighted for future refinement the strengths and weaknesses associated with the development and implementation of an OSCE in the International Islamic University Malaysia's pharmacy curriculum.

Matched MeSH terms: Feedback
Fulltext Notes for the primary care teachers: giving feedback

Khoo S

Malays Fam Physician, 2007;2(1):27-8.
PMID: 25606074
Matched MeSH terms: Feedback*
Brillouin-Erbium fiber laser with enhanced feedback coupling using common Erbium gain section

Samsuri NM, Zamzuri AK, Al-Mansoori MH, Ahmad A, Mahdi MA

Opt Express, 2008 Oct 13;16(21):16475-80.
PMID: 18852754

We demonstrate an enhanced architecture of Brillouin-Erbium fiber laser utilizing the reverse-S-shaped fiber section as the coupling mechanism. The enhancement is made by locating a common section of Erbium-doped fiber next to the single-mode fiber to amplify the Brillouin pumps and the oscillating Stokes lines. The requirement of having two Erbium gain sections to enhance the multiple Brillouin Stokes lines generation is neglected by the proposed fiber laser structure. The mode competitions arise from the self-lasing cavity modes of the fiber laser are efficiently suppressed by the stronger pre-amplified Brillouin pump power before entering the single mode fiber section. The maximum output power of 20 mW is obtained from the proposed fiber laser with 10 laser lines that equally separated by 0.089 nm spacing.

Matched MeSH terms: Feedback
Implementation and evaluation by formal assessments and term end student feedback of a new methodology of clinical teaching in surgery in small group sessions

Karanth KV, Kumar MV

Ann Acad Med Singap, 2008 Dec;37(12):1008-11.
PMID: 19159033

The existing clinical teaching in small group sessions is focused on the patient's disease. The main dual limitation is that not only does the clinical skill testing become secondary but there is also a slackening of student involvement as only 1 student is evaluated during the entire session. A new methodology of small group teaching being experimented shifted the focus to testing students' clinical skills with emphasise on team participation by daily evaluation of the entire team. The procedure involved was that the group underwent training sessions where the clinical skills were taught demonstrated and practiced on simulated patients (hear-see-do module). Later the entire small group, as a team, examined the patient and each student was evaluated for 1 of 5 specific tasks--history taking, general examination, systemic examination, discussion and case write-up. Out of 170 students, 69 students (study) and 101 students (control) were randomly chosen and trained according to the new and existing methods respectively. Senior faculty (who were blinded as to which method of teaching the student underwent) evaluated all the students. The marks obtained at 2 examinations were tabulated and compared for tests of significance using t-test. The difference in the marks obtained showed a statistically significant improvement in the study group indicating that the new module was an effective methodology of teaching. The teaching effectiveness was evaluated by student feedback regarding improvement in knowledge, clinical and communication skills and positive attitudes on a 5-point Likert scale. Psychometric analysis was very positively indicative of the success of the module.

Matched MeSH terms: Feedback*
Formative feedback to students: the mismatch between faculty perceptions and student expectations

Perera J, Lee N, Win K, Perera J, Wijesuriya L

Med Teach, 2008;30(4):395-9.
PMID: 18569661 DOI: 10.1080/01421590801949966

Formative assessments and other learning tools are ineffective in the absence of formative feedback.

Matched MeSH terms: Feedback*
Fulltext Distributed feedback Er-Yb co-doped phosphate fibre laser

Harun, S.W., Hofmann, P., Schulzgen, A., Li, L., Peyghambarian, N., Ahmad, H.

ASM Science Journal, 2008;2(2):149-152.
MyJurnal

A distributed feedback fibre laser made of highly Er-Yb co-doped phosphate glass fibre was demonstrated experimentally. The 45 mm long fibre laser device operated at 1540 nm with more than 50 dB side mode suppression ratio. However, the output power was still relatively lower due to un-optimized grating structure and thermal management.

Matched MeSH terms: Feedback
Modeling of glucose regulation and insulin-signaling pathways

Chew YH, Shia YL, Lee CT, Majid FA, Chua LS, Sarmidi MR, et al.

Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2009 May 6;303(1-2):13-24.
PMID: 19428987 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.01.018

A model of glucose regulation system was combined with a model of insulin-signaling pathways in this study. A feedback loop was added to link the transportation of glucose into cells (by GLUT4 in the insulin-signaling pathways) and the insulin-dependent glucose uptake in the glucose regulation model using the Michaelis-Menten kinetic model. A value of K(m) for GLUT4 was estimated using Genetic Algorithm. The estimated value was found to be 25.3 mM, which was in the range of K(m) values found experimentally from in vivo and in vitro human studies. Based on the results of this study, the combined model enables us to understand the overall dynamics of glucose at the systemic level, monitor the time profile of components in the insulin-signaling pathways at the cellular level and gives a good estimate of the K(m) value of glucose transportation by GLUT4. In conclusion, metabolic modeling such as displayed in this study provides a good predictive method to study the step-by-step reactions in an organism at different levels and should be used in combination with experimental approach to increase our understanding of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes.

Matched MeSH terms: Feedback, Physiological
Feedback control of thermocapillary convection in a rotating fluid layer with free-slip bottom

Ishak Hashim, Zailan Siri

Sains Malaysiana, 2009;38.

The linear stability theory is applied to investigate the effects of rotation and feedback control on the onset of steady and oscillatory thermocapillary convection in a horizontal fluid layer heated from below with a free-slip bottom. The thresholds and codimension-2 points for the onset of steady and oscillatory convection are determined. The effect of feedback control on the parameter space dividing the steady and oscillatory convection regions is demonstrated.

Matched MeSH terms: Feedback
The use of objective structured self-assessment and peer-feedback (OSSP) for learning communication skills: evaluation using a controlled trial

Perera J, Mohamadou G, Kaur S

Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract, 2010 May;15(2):185-93.
PMID: 19757129 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-009-9191-1

Feedback is essential to guide students towards expected performance goals. The usefulness of teacher feedback on improving communication skills (CS) has been well documented. It has been proposed that self-assessment and peer-feedback has an equally important role to play in enhancing learning. This is the focus of this study. Objectively structured self-assessment and peer feedback (OSSP) was incorporated into small group CS teaching sessions of a group of semester one medical students who were learning CS for the first time, to minimise the influence of previous educational interventions. A control group matched for academic performance, gender and age was used to enable parallel evaluation of the innovation. A reflective log containing closed and open ended questions was used for OSSP. Facilitators and simulated patients provided feedback to students in both groups during CS learning as per routine practice. Student perceptions on OSSP and acceptability as a learning method were explored using a questionnaire. CS were assessed in both groups using objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) as per routine practice and assessors were blinded as to which group the student belonged. Mean total score and scores for specific areas of interview skills were significantly higher in the experimental group. Analysis of the questionnaire data showed that students gained fresh insights into specific areas such as empathy, addressing patients' concerns and interview style during OSSP which clearly corroborated the specific differences in scores. The free text comments were highly encouraging as to acceptability of OSSP, in spite of 67% being never exposed to formal self- and peer-assessment during pre-university studies. OSSP promotes effective CS learning and learner acceptability is high.

Matched MeSH terms: Feedback, Psychological*
Fuzzy time-optimal controller (FTOC) for second order nonlinear systems

Nagi F, Ahmed SK, Zularnain AT, Nagi J

ISA Trans, 2011 Jul;50(3):364-75.
PMID: 21353218 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2011.01.014

The motivation behind this paper is to seek alternative techniques to achieve a near optimal controller for non-linear systems without solving the analytical problem. In classical optimal control systems, the system states and optimization co-state parameters generate a two-point boundary value problem (TPBVP) using Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP). The paper contributes a new fuzzy time-optimal controller to the existing fuzzy controllers which has two regular inputs and one bang-bang output. The proposed controller closely approximates the output of the classical time-optimal controller. Further, input membership function are tuned on-line to improve the time-optimal output. The new controller exhibits optimal behaviour for second order non-linear systems. The rules are selected to satisfy the stability and optimality conditions of the new fuzzy time-optimal controller. The paper describes a systematic procedure to design the controller and how to achieve the desired result. To benchmark the new controller performance, a sliding mode controller is used for guidance and comparison purpose. Simulation of three non-linear examples shows promising results. The work described here is expected to incite researcher's interest in fuzzy time-optimal controller design.

Matched MeSH terms: Feedback*
Implementing relevance feedback in ligand-based virtual screening using Bayesian inference network

Abdo A, Salim N, Ahmed A

J Biomol Screen, 2011 Oct;16(9):1081-8.
PMID: 21862688 DOI: 10.1177/1087057111416658

Recently, the use of the Bayesian network as an alternative to existing tools for similarity-based virtual screening has received noticeable attention from researchers in the chemoinformatics field. The main aim of the Bayesian network model is to improve the retrieval effectiveness of similarity-based virtual screening. To this end, different models of the Bayesian network have been developed. In our previous works, the retrieval performance of the Bayesian network was observed to improve significantly when multiple reference structures or fragment weightings were used. In this article, the authors enhance the Bayesian inference network (BIN) using the relevance feedback information. In this approach, a few high-ranking structures of unknown activity were filtered from the outputs of BIN, based on a single active reference structure, to form a set of active reference structures. This set of active reference structures was used in two distinct techniques for carrying out such BIN searching: reweighting the fragments in the reference structures and group fusion techniques. Simulated virtual screening experiments with three MDL Drug Data Report data sets showed that the proposed techniques provide simple ways of enhancing the cost-effectiveness of ligand-based virtual screening searches, especially for higher diversity data sets.

Matched MeSH terms: Feedback

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