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  1. Fulltext Natural Xanthones and Skin Inflammatory Diseases: Multitargeting Mechanisms of Action and Potential Application
    Gunter NV, Teh SS, Lim YM, Mah SH
    Front Pharmacol, 2020;11:594202.
    PMID: 33424605 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.594202
    The pathogenesis of skin inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, and skin cancers generally involve the generation of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Exposure of the skin to external aggressors such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation and xenobiotics induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which subsequently activates immune responses and causes immunological aberrations. Hence, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents were considered to be potential compounds to treat skin inflammatory diseases. A prime example of such compounds is xanthone (xanthene-9-one), a class of natural compounds that possess a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and chemotherapeutic effects. Many studies reported various mechanisms of action by xanthones for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases. These mechanisms of action commonly involve the modulation of various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10. Other mechanisms of action include the regulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, besides immune cell recruitment via modulation of chemokines, activation, and infiltration. Moreover, disease-specific activity contributed by xanthones, such as antibacterial action against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis for acne treatment, and numerous cytotoxic mechanisms involving pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic effects for skin cancer treatment have been extensively elucidated. Furthermore, xanthones have been reported to modulate pathways responsible for mediating oxidative stress and inflammation such as PPAR, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor and prostaglandin cascades. These pathways were also implicated in skin inflammatory diseases. Xanthones including the prenylated α-mangostin (2) and γ-mangostin (3), glucosylated mangiferin (4) and the caged xanthone gambogic acid (8) are potential lead compounds to be further developed into pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases. Future studies on the structure-activity relationships, molecular mechanisms, and applications of xanthones for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases are thus highly recommended.
    Matched MeSH terms: Interleukin-8
  2. Fulltext Modulation of Human Macrophage Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Silver Nanoparticles of Different Size and Surface Modification
    Sarkar S, Leo BF, Carranza C, Chen S, Rivas-Santiago C, Porter AE, et al.
    PLoS One, 2015;10(11):e0143077.
    PMID: 26580078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143077
    Exposure to silver nanoparticles (AgNP) used in consumer products carries potential health risks including increased susceptibility to infectious pathogens. Systematic assessments of antimicrobial macrophage immune responses in the context of AgNP exposure are important because uptake of AgNP by macrophages may lead to alterations of innate immune cell functions. In this study we examined the effects of exposure to AgNP with different particle sizes (20 and 110 nm diameters) and surface chemistry (citrate or polyvinlypyrrolidone capping) on cellular toxicity and innate immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) by human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Exposures of MDM to AgNP significantly reduced cellular viability, increased IL8 and decreased IL10 mRNA expression. Exposure of M.tb-infected MDM to AgNP suppressed M.tb-induced expression of IL1B, IL10, and TNFA mRNA. Furthermore, M.tb-induced IL-1β, a cytokine critical for host resistance to M.tb, was inhibited by AgNP but not by carbon black particles indicating that the observed immunosuppressive effects of AgNP are particle specific. Suppressive effects of AgNP on the M.tb-induced host immune responses were in part due to AgNP-mediated interferences with the TLR signaling pathways that culminate in the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. AgNP exposure suppressed M.tb-induced expression of a subset of NF-κB mediated genes (CSF2, CSF3, IFNG, IL1A, IL1B, IL6, IL10, TNFA, NFKB1A). In addition, AgNP exposure increased the expression of HSPA1A mRNA and the corresponding stress-induced Hsp72 protein. Up-regulation of Hsp72 by AgNP can suppress M.tb-induced NF-κB activation and host immune responses. The observed ability of AgNP to modulate infectious pathogen-induced immune responses has important public health implications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Interleukin-8/genetics; Interleukin-8/immunology
  3. Styryl-lactone goniothalamin inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation
    Orlikova B, Schumacher M, Juncker T, Yan CC, Inayat-Hussain SH, Hajjouli S, et al.
    Food Chem Toxicol, 2013 Sep;59:572-8.
    PMID: 23845509 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.051
    (R)-(+)-Goniothalamin (GTN), a styryl-lactone isolated from the medicinal plant Goniothalamus macrophyllus, exhibits pharmacological activities including cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, GTN modulated TNF-α induced NF-κB activation. GTN concentrations up to 20 μM showed low cytotoxic effects in K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia and in Jurkat T cells. Importantly, at these concentrations, no cytotoxicity was observed in healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our results confirmed that GTN inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced NF-κB activation in Jurkat and K562 leukemia cells at concentrations as low as 5 μM as shown by reporter gene assays and western blots. Moreover, GTN down-regulated translocation of the p50/p65 heterodimer to the nucleus, prevented binding of NF-κB to its DNA response element and reduced TNF-α-activated interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression. In conclusion, GTN inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation at non-apoptogenic concentrations in different leukemia cell models without presenting toxicity towards healthy blood cells underlining the anti-leukemic potential of this natural compound.
    Matched MeSH terms: Interleukin-8/antagonists & inhibitors; Interleukin-8/metabolism
  4. In vitro characterization of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells following infection with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus
    Yasmin AR, Yeap SK, Tan SW, Hair-Bejo M, Fakurazi S, Kaiser P, et al.
    Avian Pathol, 2015;44(6):452-62.
    PMID: 26305169 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2015.1084997
    Infectious bursal disease is caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), an immunosuppressive virus that targets immune cells such as B cells and macrophages. However, the involvement of dendritic cells (DCs) during IBDV infection is not well understood. In this study the in vitro effects of live and inactivated very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) UPM0081 on bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DC) were characterized and compared with BM-DC treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Morphologically, BM-DC treated with LPS and vvIBDV showed stellate shape when compared to immature BM-DC. In addition, LPS-treated and both live and inactivated vvIBDV-infected BM-DC expressed high levels of double positive CD86 and major histocompatibility complex class II antigens (>20%). vvIBDV-infected BM-DC showed significantly higher numbers of apoptotic cells compared to LPS. Replication of vvIBDV was detected in the infected BM-DC as evidenced by the increased expression of VP3 and VP4 IBDV antigens based on flow cytometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence tests. Levels of different immune-related genes such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), CXCLi2 (IL-8), IL-18, interferon gamma (IFN-γ, IL-12α, CCR7 and Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) were measured after LPS and vvIBDV treatments. However, marked differences were noticed in the onset and intensity of the gene expression between these two treatment groups. LPS was far more potent than live and inactivated vvIBDV in inducing the expression of IL-1β, IL-18 and CCR7 while expression of Th1-like cytokines, IFN-γ and IL-12α were significantly increased in the live vvIBDV treatment group. Meanwhile, the expression of TLR3 was increased in live vvIBDV-infected BM-DC as compared to control. Inactivated vvIBDV-treated BM-DC failed to stimulate IFN-γ, IL-12α and TLR3 expressions. This study suggested that BM-DC may serve as another target cells during IBDV infection which require further confirmation via in vivo studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Interleukin-8
  5. Fulltext The immunologic properties of undifferentiated stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and its potential application in bone regeneration
    Nurul, A.A., Tan, S.J., Asiah, A.B., Norliana, G., Nor Shamsuria, O., Nurul, A.S.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2013;12(1):19-26.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are highly proliferative, clonogenic cells capable of differentiating into osteoblasts and inducing bone formation. It is a potential alternative for stem cell bone regeneration therapy. However, stem cell therapy carries the risk of immune rejection mediated by inflammatory cytokines of the human defense system. Objective: This preliminary research studies the interaction between SHED and the immune system by determining the inflammatory cytokines profile and osteogenic potential of SHED. Methods: Human fetal osteoblasts (hFOb) cell line and isolated SHED were cultured and total RNA was extracted, followed by reverse transcription cDNA synthesis. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Multiplex PCR were performed to detect the expression levels of OPG/RANKL and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TGF-β in both cell types. Results: Analysis showed that SHED expressed significantly lower amounts of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 compared to hFOB. IL-1β is a potent bone-resorbing factor, while IL-6 and IL-8 induce osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis respectively. SHED did not express TNF-α which stimulates osteoclastic activity. SHED demonstrated high OPG/RANKL ratio, in contrast with that of marrow stem cells described in previous studies. Our findings suggest that SHED may have improved immunomodulatory profile in terms of promoting relatively lower inflammatory reaction during transplant and enhancing bone regeneration. Conclusion: SHED has a potential to be a good source of osteoblasts for bone regeneration therapy. Further studies on the immunomodulatory properties of SHED-derived osteoblasts are necessary to enable stem cell therapy in immunocompetent hosts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Interleukin-8
  6. The oxidative stress of hyperglycemia and the inflammatory process in endothelial cells
    Muniandy S, Qvist R, Yan GO, Bee CJ, Chu YK, Rayappan AV
    J. Med. Invest., 2009 Feb;56(1-2):6-10.
    PMID: 19262007
    Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are common in many critically ill patients. Hyperglycemia increases the production of reactive oxygen species in cells, stimulates the production of the potent proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-alpha, and enhances the expression of haem oxygenase-1, an inducible stress protein. It has been shown that administration of insulin and the semi-essential amino acid glutamine have been beneficial to the septic patient. The aim of our study is to test whether these two molecules, glutamine and insulin used in combination attenuate the proinflammatory responses in endothelial cells which have been triggered by hyperglycaemia. Our results demonstrate that a combination of insulin and glutamine are significantly more effective in reducing the expression of IL-8, TNF-alpha and HO-1 than insulin or glutamine alone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Interleukin-8/metabolism
  7. The immune response of a warm water fish orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) infected with a typical cold water bacterial pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida is AhR dependent
    Huang L, Qi W, Zuo Y, Alias SA, Xu W
    Dev Comp Immunol, 2020 12;113:103779.
    PMID: 32735958 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103779
    The present study reported the first pathogenic Aeromonas salmonicida (SRW-OG1) isolated from the warm water fish orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), and investigated the function of Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-dependent transcriptional factor which has been recently found to be closely associated with immune response in mammals and E. coioides. Our results showed that AhR was activated by an unknown ligand in the spleen, intestine and macrophages. Meanwhile, ahr1a and ahr1b were significantly increased in the spleen, intestine and macrophages, whereas ahr2 was only increased in the intestine, which indicated that the contribution of AhR2 to the immune response may be less than that of AhR1a and AhR1b. Some key genes involved in the macrophage inflammatory response, bacterial recognition, and intestinal immunity were significantly up-regulated in the SRW-OG1 infected E. coioides. Nevertheless, declining macrophage ROS production and down-regulation of related genes were also observed, suggesting that SRW-OG1 utilized its virulence mechanisms to prevent macrophage ROS production. Furthermore, AhR inhibitor 3', 4'-DMF and the silence of ahr1a or ahr1b significantly rescued the increased IL-1β and IL-8 induced by SRW-OG1 infection, which proved that the induction of IL-1β and IL-8 in E. coioides macrophages was mediated by AhR. However, BPI/LBP, ROS production and related genes were not affected by AhR. The survival rate and immune escape rate of SRW-OG1 in the ahr1a/ahr1b knocked-down and 3', 4'-DMF treated macrophages were significantly increased compared with those in wild type macrophages. Taken together, it was preliminarily confirmed that ahr1a and ahr1b played an important role in the immune response against A. salmonicida SRW-OG1.
    Matched MeSH terms: Interleukin-8/metabolism
  8. Effect of the use of snuff on the levels of interleukin-1 β and interleukin-8 in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients
    Pandey V, Salam SA, Moda A, Agarwal P, Nath S, Pulikkotil SJ
    Dent Res J (Isfahan), 2015 11 26;12(5):461-8.
    PMID: 26604961
    BACKGROUND: Use of smokeless tobacco in the form of moist snuff placed in the oral cavity is popular in rural India. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to determine the effect of snuff on periodontitis by assessing interleukin (IL)-1 β and IL-8 levels in gingival crevicular fluid.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 subjects were selected for this study. 40 subjects presented with periodontitis, which included 20 snuff users (SP) and 20 nonsnuff users (NS). 20 periodontally healthy patients formed the controls (healthy control: HC). The clinical parameters recorded were gingival index (GI), plaque index, calculus index, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), recession (RC), and clinical attachment level (CAL). The IL-1 β and IL-8 levels were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Quantikine(®)). Analysis of variance (ANOVA), post-hoc Tukey's, Kruskal-Walli's ANOVA and Mann-Whitney test was used for comparison among groups and P > 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

    RESULTS: No significant difference was seen in levels of IL-1 β and IL-8 between SP and NS groups (P = 0.16, 0.97). However, both the periodontitis groups (SP and NS) had increased IL-β levels when compared to HC group (P = 0.01, 0.001). The snuff users showed significant increase in GI, BOP, RC, and CAL when compared with NS (P = 0.002, 0.001, 0.012, 0.002) whereas NS group had significant increase in PD (P = 0.003).

    CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, use of snuff does not affect the host inflammatory response associated with periodontitis and leads to RC and increased CAL due to local irritant effect.

    Matched MeSH terms: Interleukin-8
  9. Fulltext Immunomodulatory effect of papaya, mata kucing, dang shen and pu-erh tea on cytokines profile
    Nur Ramziahrazanah Jumat, Pei Shin Chai, Chiew Yee Loh, Sharmili Vidyadaran, Zainina Seman
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(108):21-21.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Immune response against viral infections and tumors not only requires the recruitment of immune cells but also cytokines. Cytokine dysregulation is associated with inflammatory diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, infections and allergy. Intake of fruit and vegetables are known not only to reduce inflammation but may also provide protection against various diseases. Methods: Effects of selected fruits and herbs on cytokines profile of IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF and IL-12p70 were examined using the CBA flow cytometric assay. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from blood samples of twelve healthy subjects aged 20 to 30 years [males = 6 and females = 6] were treated with papaya, mata kucing, dang shen and pu-erh tea, respectively, for 6 and 48 hours at various concentrations. In vivo effects was further tested on healthy volunteers [males = 2, females = 4] by 2-days consumption of papaya following 2-days washout period without papaya. The diet of volunteers was controlled with fixed meals. Results:In vitro results after 6 hours of culture showed that papaya-treated PBMC significantly increased IL-8, IL-1β and IL-6 but reduced IL-10. Mata kucing-treated PBMC significantly increased IL-8 but reduced IL-6 while pu-erh tea significantly reduced IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF. Cytokine analysis for dang shen-treated PBMC was only conducted at 48 hours. After 48 hours, papaya extract significantly reduced IL-8, IL-6 (8000 μg/ml), IL-10 and TNF. Significant increase of IL-6 was observed at 4000 and 16000 μg/ml. Mata kucing extract significantly increased IL-1β, IL-6 but reduced TNF. Significant increase of TNF was observed at 16000 μg/ml. Dang shen and pu-erh tea reduced IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF. However, in vivo papaya consumption did not show any significant changes and levels were low. Conclusion: This study showed fruits such as papaya and mata kucing had both stimulatory and inhibitory effect on various pro-inflammatory cytokines while effect of herbs such as dang shen and pu-erh tea were inhibitory. Immunomodulatory studies of natural food such as fruits and herbs may provide better understanding and subsequently improve management of inflammatory diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Interleukin-8
  10. Role of cytokines produced by T helper immune-modulators in dengue pathogenesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Tran L, Radwan I, Minh LHN, Low SK, Hashan MR, Gomaa MD, et al.
    Acta Trop, 2021 Jan 06.
    PMID: 33421421 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105823
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Modulation of the immune reaction is essential in the development of various diseases, including dengue's "Cytokine Tsunami", an increase in vascular permeability with concomitant severe vascular leakage. We aim to identify the role of T-helper (Th) cells, Th2 and Th7, with their related cytokines in dengue pathogenesis.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nine electronic databases and manual search were applied to detect available publications. A meta-analysis using a fixed- or random-effect model was performed to measure standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). The National Institute of Health (NIH) tools for observational cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies were used to examine the risk of bias. The protocol was recorded in PROSPERO with CRD42017060230.

    RESULTS: A total of 38 articles were found including 19 case-control, 11 cross-sectional and 8 prospective cohort studies. We indicated that Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8) and Th17 cytokine (IL-17) in dengue patients were notably higher than in a healthy control group in acute phase (SMD = 1.59, 95% CI [0.68, 2.51], p = 0.001; SMD = 1.24, 95% CI [0.41, 2.06], p = 0.003; SMD = 1.13, 95% CI [0.61, 1.66], p<0.0001; SMD = 1.74, 95% CI [0.87, 2.61], p<0.0001), respectively.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of the significant roles of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-17 in the pathogenesis of developing a severe reaction in dengue fever. However, to fully determine the association of Th cytokines with dengue, it is necessary to perform further studies to assess kinetic levels during the duration of the illness.

    Matched MeSH terms: Interleukin-8
  11. Immune responses against enterovirus A71 infection: Implications for vaccine success
    Aw-Yong KL, NikNadia NMN, Tan CW, Sam IC, Chan YF
    Rev Med Virol, 2019 09;29(5):e2073.
    PMID: 31369184 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2073
    Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) from the Picornaviridae family is an important emerging pathogen causing hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreaks worldwide. EV-A71 also caused fatal neurological complications in young children especially in Asia. On the basis of seroepidemiological studies from many Asian countries, EV-A71 infection is very common. Children of very young age are particularly vulnerable. Large-scale epidemics that occur every 3 to 4 years are associated with accumulation of an immunologically naive younger population. Capsid proteins especially VP1 with the presence of major B- and T-cell epitopes are the most antigenic proteins. The nonstructural proteins mainly contribute to T-cell epitopes that induce cross-reactive immune responses against other enteroviruses. Dominant epitopes and their neutralization magnitudes differ in mice, rabbits, and humans. Neutralizing antibody is sufficient for immune protection, but poorer cellular immunity may lead to severe neurological complications and deaths. Some chemokines/cytokines are consistently found in severely ill patients, for example, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, MCP-1, IL-8, MIG, IP-10, IFN-γ, and G-CSF. An increase in white cell counts is a risk factor for severe HFMD. Recent clinical trials on EV-A71 inactivated vaccine showed >90% efficacy and a robust neutralization response that was protective, indicating neutralizing antibody correlates for protection. No protection against other enteroviruses was observed. A comprehensive understanding of the immune responses to EV-A71 infection will benefit the development of diagnostic tools, potential therapeutics, and subunit vaccine candidates. Future development of a multivalent enterovirus vaccine will require knowledge of correlates of protection, understanding of cross-protection and memory T-cell responses among enteroviruses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Interleukin-8
  12. Fulltext In vitro Evaluation of the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Thymoquinone in Osteoarthritis and in silico Analysis of Inter-Related Pathways in Age-Related Degenerative Diseases
    Kalamegam G, Alfakeeh SM, Bahmaid AO, AlHuwait EA, Gari MA, Abbas MM, et al.
    Front Cell Dev Biol, 2020;8:646.
    PMID: 32793594 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00646
    Chronic inflammation is a common underlying factor in osteoarthritis (OA) and most age-related degenerative diseases. As conventional therapies help only in partial alleviation of symptoms in OA, stem cell-based therapies and herbal supplements are being widely explored. Thymoquinone (TQ), an active ingredient of Nigella sativa is reported to have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We evaluated the effects of TQ on bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) derived from OA patients and its interrelated pathways in inflammation and age-related degenerative diseases using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) as well as possible molecular targets using SwissTargetPrediction. BM-MSCs were derived from OA patients and their stemness properties were characterized by studying the MSCs related CD surface marker expression and differentiation into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. Treatment with TQ (100 nM-5 μM) demonstrated cell death, especially at higher concentrations. MTT assay demonstrated a significant concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability which ranged from 20.04% to 69.76% with higher doses (300 nM, 1 μM, and 5 μM), especially at 48h and 72h. Additional cell viability testing with CellTiter-Blue also demonstrated a significant concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability which ranged from 27.80 to 73.67% with higher doses (300 nM, 1 μM, 3 μM, and 5 μM). Gene expression analysis following treatment of BM-MSCs with TQ (1 and 3 μM) for 48h showed upregulation of the anti-inflammatory genes IL-4 and IL-10. In contrast, the pro-inflammatory genes namely IFN-γ, TNF-α, COX-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-16, and IL-12A although were upregulated, compared to the lower concentration of TQ (1 μM) they were all decreased at 3 μM. The pro-apoptotic BAX gene was downregulated while the SURVIVIN gene was upregulated. IPA of the molecular interaction of TQ in inflammation and age-related degenerative diseases identified canonical pathways directly related to synaptogenesis, neuroinflammation, TGF-β, and interleukin signaling. Further screening led to the identification of 36 molecules that are involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. SwissTargetPrediction of TQ identified potential molecular targets with high probability. TQ exerted anti-inflammatory effects and therefore can be a useful adjuvant along with conventional therapies against inflammation in OA and other age-related degenerative diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Interleukin-8
  13. Fulltext Elucidating the Efficacy of Vaccination against Vibriosis in Lates calcarifer Using Two Recombinant Protein Vaccines Containing the Outer Membrane Protein K (r-OmpK) of Vibrio alginolyticus and the DNA Chaperone J (r-DnaJ) of Vibrio harveyi
    Silvaraj S, Md Yasin IS, A Karim MM, Saad MZ
    Vaccines (Basel), 2020 Nov 06;8(4).
    PMID: 33171991 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040660
    Recombinant cell vaccines expressing the OmpK and DnaJ of Vibrio were developed and subsequently, a vaccination efficacy trial was carried out on juvenile seabass (~5 cm; ~20 g). The fish were divided into 5 groups of 50 fish per group, kept in triplicate. Groups 1 and 2 were injected with 107 CFU/mL of the inactivated recombinant cells vaccines, the pET-32/LIC-OmpK and pET-32/LIC-DnaJ, respectively. Group 3 was similarly injected with 107 CFU/mL of inactivated E. coli BL21 (DE3), Group 4 with 107 CFU/mL of formalin killed whole cells V. harveyi, and Group 5 with PBS solution. Serum, mucus, and gut lavage were used to determine the antibody levels before all fish were challenged with V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus, and V. parahemolyticus, respectively on day 15 post-vaccination. There was significant increase in the serum and gut lavage antibody titers in the juvenile seabass vaccinated with r-OmpK vaccine. In addition, there was an up-regulation for TLR2, MyD88, and MHCI genes in the kidney and intestinal tissues of r-OmpK vaccinated fish. At the same time, r-OmpK triggered higher expression level of interleukin IL-10, IL-8, IL-1ß in the spleen, intestine, and kidney compared to r-DnaJ. Overall, r-OmpK and r-DnaJ triggered protection by curbing inflammation and strengthening the adaptive immune response. Vaccinated fish also demonstrated strong cross protection against heterologous of Vibrio isolates, the V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus, and V. parahaemolyticus. The fish vaccinated with r-OmpK protein were completely protected with a relative per cent of survival (RPS) of 90 percent against V. harveyi and 100 percent against V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus. A semi-quantitative PCR detection of Vibrio spp. from the seawater containing the seabass also revealed that vaccination resulted in reduction of pathogen shedding. In conclusion, our results suggest r-OmpK as a candidate vaccine molecule against multiple Vibrio strain to prevent vibriosis in marine fish.
    Matched MeSH terms: Interleukin-8
  14. Prevalence of enteroparasitic infections and related hormonal and immunological repercussions that may compromise students' physical performance
    Nunez PRM, Honorio-França AC, Geiger SM, Guedes M, Fagundes DLG, Magalhães AM, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2020 Sep 01;37(3):763-777.
    PMID: 33612789 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.3.763
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of enteroparasitic infections in students and their hormonal and immunological repercussions on physical development. Students of basic education of both sexes were evaluated. Parasitological stool tests were performed using the Hoffman and Kato-Katz methods. The students were divided into two groups: a control group (negative parasitological examination, N=25) and an infected group (positive parasitological test, N=25). Anthropometric variables (height, weight, and BMI), concentrations of hormones (melatonin and cortisol), cytokine/chemokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17 and TNF-α) and physical performance (aerobic capacity, upper- and lower-limb muscle strength and abdominal performance) were evaluated. The prevalence of parasitic infection among the students was 7.98%. No anthropometric differences were observed among the groups. IL-2 and TNF-α levels were higher and IL-8 levels were lower in serum from students who were positive for parasitic infection. Serum from students who were positive for parasitic infection showed higher levels of melatonin than that from parasitenegative students. No differences were observed in cortisol levels. Students who were positive for parasitic infection presented greater lower-limb strength and lower abdominal performance than parasite-negative students. In the parasitic infection group, IL-12 was positively correlated with melatonin. In the parasitic infection group, IL-8 showed a positive correlation with aerobic capacity, while IL-17 and TNF-α showed a positive correlation with abdominal performance. These data suggest that parasitic infections determine the profile of inflammatory cytokines and that melatonin may be involved in the control of this process to minimize tissue damage. Additionally, students' difficulty in practising physical exercises can be an indication of enteroparasitic infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Interleukin-8
  15. Cytokine profile of patients with leptospirosis in Sabah, Malaysia
    Mohd Iskandar BJ, William T, Daisy Vanitha J
    Med J Malaysia, 2018 04;73(2):106-109.
    PMID: 29703874 MyJurnal
    BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with symptoms ranging from a mild, febrile illness to a severe form with multiorgan failure. Severe leptospirosis may require medical interventions in the form of dialysis and/or mechanical ventilation and often leads to mortality. An exaggerated host immune response-in particular, a "cytokine storm"-that causes endothelial and organ damage is associated with the disease severity and mortality.

    METHODS: Microscopic agglutination test (MAT)-positive and MAT-negative human serum samples (n=30) from patients with leptospirosis were obtained from the Public Health Laboratory, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia and control serum samples (n=10) were obtained from healthy student volunteers. We estimated the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α in serum samples by a Luminex assay.

    RESULTS: The levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL1-β were significantly higher in 13% of the patients with leptospirosis compared to the healthy controls, while the levels of IL-10 and TNF-α were not elevated in either group.

    CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that elevated levels of IL-6, IL- 8, and IL1-β may be associated with leptospirosis disease severity, which requires patient follow-up for confirmation.

    Matched MeSH terms: Interleukin-8
  16. Fulltext Cytokines secreted by human Wharton's jelly stem cells inhibit the proliferation of ovarian cancer (OVCAR3) cells in vitro
    Kalamegam G, Sait KHW, Anfinan N, Kadam R, Ahmed F, Rasool M, et al.
    Oncol Lett, 2019 May;17(5):4521-4531.
    PMID: 30944641 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10094
    Cytokines enhance tumour cell recognition via cytotoxic effector cells and are therefore effectively used in cancer immunotherapy. Mesenchymal stem cells have efficient homing potential and have been used to target and inhibit various types of cancer mediated by the release of soluble/bioactive factors. Initial evaluation of the human Wharton's jelly stem cell conditioned medium (hWJSC-CM) and cell lysate (hWJSC-CL) against an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR3) demonstrated their inhibitory effect in vitro. The secreted cytokine profile was then studied to understand whether the OVCAR3 inhibitory effect was mediated by the cytokines. Expression of cytokines in OVCAR3 following 48 h treatment with hWJSC extracts, namely the hWJSC-CM (50%) and hWJSC-CL (10 µg/ml), was evaluated using multiplex cytokine assay. Paclitaxel (5 nM) was used as a positive control. Cytokines tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IL-1β and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, reported to be involved in tumour growth, invasion and migration, were significantly decreased. Cytokines with antitumour effects, namely IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), IL-2, IL-2 receptor, IL-5, IL-7, IL-12, IL-15, interferon (IFN)-α and IFN-γ, were mildly increased or decreased. Only the increases in IL-1RA (with paclitaxel, hWJSC-CM and hWJSC-CL) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (with hWJSC-CL) were statistically significant. The chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β and Regulated Upon Activation, Normally T-Expressed, and Secreted were significantly decreased while monokine induced by IFN-γ, IFN-γ induced protein 10 and Eotaxin demonstrated mild decreases. The growth factors basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor were significantly decreased. Heatmaps demonstrated differential fold changes in cytokines and hierarchical cluster analysis revealed 3 major and 7 minor sub-clusters of associated cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. In conclusion, the hWJSC extracts decreased the expression of oncogenic cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, which mediated the inhibition of OVCAR3 cells in vitro.
    Matched MeSH terms: Interleukin-8
  17. Fulltext Immunomodulatory effect of an isolated fraction from Tinospora crispa on intracellular expression of INF-γ, IL-6 and IL-8
    Abood WN, Fahmi I, Abdulla MA, Ismail S
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2014;14:205.
    PMID: 24969238 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-205
    Immunomodulators are substances that modify immune system response to a threat. Immunomodulators modulate and potentiate the immune system, keeping it highly prepared for any threat. The immunomodulatory effect of the traditional medicine Tinospora crispa is investigated in this work.
    Matched MeSH terms: Interleukin-8/biosynthesis*
  18. Fulltext Effect on interleukin-1β and interleukin-8 levels following use of fibrin sealant for periodontal surgery
    Pulikkotil SJ, Nath S
    Aust Dent J, 2014 Jun;59(2):156-64.
    PMID: 24861389 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12178
    Fibrin sealant (FS) is a biologically derived tissue adhesive for securing flaps. The aim of the present randomized controlled clinical trial was to compare early wound healing by assessing interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) after using FS and suture for periodontal flap closure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Interleukin-8/analysis*
  19. Fulltext Molecular detection, quantification, and isolation of Streptococcus gallolyticus bacteria colonizing colorectal tumors: inflammation-driven potential of carcinogenesis via IL-1, COX-2, and IL-8
    Abdulamir AS, Hafidh RR, Bakar FA
    Mol. Cancer, 2010;9:249.
    PMID: 20846456 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-249
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) has long been associated with bacteremia and/or endocarditis by Streptococcus gallolyticus member bacteria (SGMB) but the direct colonization of SGMB along with its molecular carcinogenic role, if any, has not been investigated. We assessed the colonization of SGMB in CRC patients with history of bacteremia (CRC-w/bac) and without history of bacteremia (CRC-wo/bac) by isolating SGMB from feces, mucosal surfaces of colorectum, and colorectal tissues and detecting SGMB DNA, via PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH) assays targeting SodA gene in colorectal tissues. Moreover, mRNA of IL1, IL-8, COX-2, IFN-γ, c-Myc, and Bcl-2 in colorectal tissues of studied groups was assessed via ISH and RT-PCR.
    Matched MeSH terms: Interleukin-8/genetics*
  20. In vitro biocompatibility of chitosan porous skin regenerating templates (PSRTs) using primary human skin keratinocytes
    Lim CK, Yaacob NS, Ismail Z, Halim AS
    Toxicol In Vitro, 2010 Apr;24(3):721-7.
    PMID: 20079826 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.01.006
    Biopolymer chitosan (beta-1,4-d-glucosamine) comprises the copolymer mixture of N-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine. The natural biocompatibility and biodegradability of chitosan have recently highlighted its potential use for applications in wound management. Chemical and physical modifications of chitosan influence its biocompatibility and biodegradability, but it is unknown as to what degree. Hence, the biocompatibility of the chitosan porous skin regenerating templates (PSRT 82, 87 and 108) was determined using an in vitro toxicology model at the cellular and molecular level on primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes (pNHEK). Cytocompatibility was accessed by using a 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay from 24 to 72h. To assess the genotoxicity of the PSRTs, DNA damage to the pNHEK was evaluated by using the Comet assay following direct contact with the various PSRTs. Furthermore, the skin pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-8 were examined to evaluate the tendency of the PSRTs to provoke inflammatory responses. All PSRTs were found to be cytocompatible, but only PSRT 108 was capable of stimulating cell proliferation. While all of the PSRTs showed some DNA damage, PSRT 108 showed the least DNA damage followed by PSRT 87 and 82. PSRT 87 and 82 induced a higher secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-8 in the pNHEK cultures than did PSRT 108. Hence, based on our experiments, PSRT 108 is the most biocompatible wound dressing of the three tested.
    Matched MeSH terms: Interleukin-8/biosynthesis
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