Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 128 in total

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  1. Zubaidah AW, Lim VKE
    Med J Malaysia, 1996 Mar;51(1):134-6.
    PMID: 10967993
    A 31-year-old Pakistani man was admitted to hospital after sustaining a Grade I compound fracture of the mid-shaft of the left tibia and fibula following a motor vehicle accident. He developed septicaemic shock, acute renal failure and Group A streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis of the left leg. The patient underwent an above knee amputation followed by disarticulation of the left hip with extensive debridement. He was treated with benzylpenicillin, vancomycin, inotropes and continuous haemodialysis and survived without further sequelae. Subsequently, skin grafting was done over the wound site. This case highlights the role of Group A streptococcus as a cause of this rare and life-threatening infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leg Injuries/surgery*
  2. Zairul-Nizam ZF, Badaruddin BS
    J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2006 Aug;14(2):216-8.
    PMID: 16914793
    Infection following total knee arthroplasty can be devastating. Even with established treatment protocols, eradication of the infection may not be feasible. We report 2 patients who required above-knee amputation to eradicate recalcitrant infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leg/surgery
  3. Zainal AA, Oommen G, Chew LG, Yusha AW
    Med J Malaysia, 2000 Mar;55(1):29-32.
    PMID: 11072487 MyJurnal
    A prospective study of patients with acute aortic occlusion (AAO) admitted to the Vascular Unit, Hospital Kuala Lumpur was carried out over a 12 month period. There were a total of 11 patients admitted with a clinical diagnosis of AAO. There was a male preponderance with 10 patients. The median age was 58 years (40-70 years). Hypertension was the commonest underlying medical illness (n = 7). All patients had painful lower limb paraparesis or paraplegia with bilateral absent limb pulses from the groin downwards on admission to the vascular unit. The majority of patients (10 patients) were referred from other hospitals, of which 6 patients came from outside the Klang Valley. Only eight (8) patients underwent an operative procedure with seven (7) having an initial bilateral balloon catheter thromboembolectomy. There was one (1) aorta-bifemoral bypass after failed embolectomy. An aneurysectomy with inlay-graft was done as the initial procedure in one (1) patient. Mortality was 82% (9/11). The two survivors were in the group that had vascular reconstructive surgery. Acute aortic occlusion is an uncommon but catastrophic event with a high mortality. Clinicians must have a high index of suspicion in patients who present with painful paresis or paraplegia. Clinical examination of peripheral pulses in these patients is mandatory. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to improve the outcome of this disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Female; Leg*; Male; Middle Aged; Paraplegia/etiology*; Paraplegia/physiopathology
  4. Zaghlul N, Goh SL, Razman R, Danaee M, Chan CK
    PLoS One, 2023;18(1):e0280361.
    PMID: 36649257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280361
    The validity and reliability of the Lafayette stability platform are well-established for double leg testing. However, no evaluation of single leg (SL) stance on the platform was discovered yet. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the reliability of conducting the SL stance on the Lafayette platform. Thirty-six healthy and active university students (age 23.2 ± 3.2 years; BMI 21.1 ± 3.1 kg/m2) were tested twice, one week apart (week 1; W1, week 2; W2). They stood on their dominant leg with eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) in random order. Three successful trials of 20 seconds each were recorded. The duration during which the platform was maintained within 0° of tilt was referred to as time in balance (TIB). At all-time points, TIB was consistently longer in EO (EOW1: 17.02 ± 1.04s; EOW2: 17.32 ± 1.03s) compared to EC (ECW1: 11.55 ± 1.73s; ECW2: 13.08 ± 1.82s). A ±10 seconds difference was demonstrated in the Bland-Altman analysis in both EO and EC. Lower standard error of measurement (SEM) and coefficient of variation (CV) indicated consistent output. High intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were seen between weeks (EO = 0.74; EC = 0.76) and within weeks (EOW1 = 0.79; EOW2 = 0.86; ECW1 = 0.71; ECW2 = 0.71). Although statistical measures (i.e., SEM, CV, and ICC) indicated good reliability of Lafayette for SL tasks, the wide agreement interval is yet to be clinically meaningful. Factors underlying the wide variation need to be identified before Lafayette is used for TIB assessment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leg*
  5. Yusoff FM, Kajikawa M, Matsui S, Hashimoto H, Kishimoto S, Maruhashi T, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2019 05 22;9(1):7711.
    PMID: 31118440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44176-5
    Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is associated with a high risk of limb amputation. It has been shown that cell therapy is safe and has beneficial effects on ischemic clinical symptoms in patients with CLI. The aim of this study was to further investigate the outcomes of intramuscular injection of autologous bone-marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) in a long-term follow-up period in atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients who have no optional therapy. This study was a retrospective and observational study that was carried out to evaluate long-term clinical outcomes in 42 lower limbs of 30 patients with atherosclerotic PAD who underwent BM-MNC implantation. The median follow-up period was 9.25 (range, 6-16) years. The overall amputation-free rates were 73.0% at 5 years after BM-MNC implantation and 70.4% at 10 years in patients with atherosclerotic PAD. The overall amputation-free rates at 5 years and at 10 years after implantation of BM-MNCs were significantly higher in atherosclerotic PAD patients than in internal controls and historical controls. There were no significant differences in amputation rates between the internal control group and historical control group. The rate of overall survival was not significantly different between the BM-MNC implantation group and the historical control group. Implantation of autologous BM-MNCs is feasible for a long-term follow-up period in patients with CLI who have no optional therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leg/blood supply*
  6. Yusof MI, Sulaiman AR, Muslim DA
    Singapore Med J, 2007 Aug;48(8):729-32.
    PMID: 17657379
    INTRODUCTION:
    Many conditions, including benign and malignant tumours, peripheral vascular diseases and open fracture grade 3C, have been successfully treated with limb sparing procedures. However, the same could not be said for treatment of limb infection, especially late stage diabetic foot complications.

    METHODS:
    This is a retrospective review of patients who underwent operations at our hospital from July 2003 to June 2005. All patients who underwent various types of limbs amputations were included. The cohort was divided according to the diagnosis leading to the amputation and the level of amputation. The number and levels of amputation were then compared with the various causes leading to the amputation.

    RESULTS:
    There were 203 patients who underwent amputation during the period of study. 135 (66.5 percent) of the patients were diabetic and amputations performed were related to diabetic foot conditions. 68 (33.5 percent) patients were not known to have diabetes mellitus. Among nondiabetic patients, 54 (26.6 percent) amputations were due to trauma, 11 (5.4 percent) were related to musculoskeletal tumours and 3 (1.5 percent) were due to peripheral vascular disease. Among diabetic patients, 23 (17 percent) patients underwent above knee amputation, 44 (33 percent) patients underwent below knee amputation, and 68 (50 percent) patients underwent local foot amputation. 80 of 135 (59.3 percent) patients, who underwent amputation due to diabetic complications, were less than 60 years old.

    CONCLUSION:
    Good diabetic control and detection of early diabetic foot complications will reduce the number of patients undergoing limb amputation as well as the number of amputees. Since the incidence of lower limb amputation is due mainly to poor diabetic control, it is important to protect this group of patients from a probable avoidable amputation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leg/surgery; Leg Injuries/surgery
  7. Yeap JS, Fazir M, Ezlan S, Kareem BA, Harwant S
    Med J Malaysia, 2001 Jun;56 Suppl C:66-9.
    PMID: 11814253
    A 14 year-old boy with an epiphyseal fracture of the distal right tibia and fibula developed compartment syndrome of the calf and foot. The diagnosis of compartment syndrome was delayed and a fasciotomy resulted in uncontrolled infection, which ultimately resulted in an above knee amputation. Constant vigilance is necessary in uncooperative or non-complaining patients to detect the signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome, even where the injury is not often associated with this complication. The difficulties in management, following a fasciotomy for delayed diagnosis of compartment syndrome, are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leg/microbiology; Leg/surgery*
  8. Wijayanto T, Wakabayashi H, Lee JY, Hashiguchi N, Saat M, Tochihara Y
    Int J Biometeorol, 2011 Jul;55(4):491-500.
    PMID: 20824480 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-010-0358-5
    The objective of this study was to investigate thermoregulatory responses to heat in tropical (Malaysian) and temperate (Japanese) natives, during 60 min of passive heating. Ten Japanese (mean ages: 20.8 ± 0.9 years) and ten Malaysian males (mean ages: 22.3 ± 1.6 years) with matched morphological characteristics and physical fitness participated in this study. Passive heating was induced through leg immersion in hot water (42°C) for 60 min under conditions of 28°C air temperature and 50% RH. Local sweat rate on the forehead and thigh were significantly lower in Malaysians during leg immersion, but no significant differences in total sweat rate were observed between Malaysians (86.3 ± 11.8 g m(-2) h(-1)) and Japanese (83.2 ± 6.4 g m(-2) h(-1)) after leg immersion. In addition, Malaysians displayed a smaller rise in rectal temperature (0.3 ± 0.1°C) than Japanese (0.7 ± 0.1°C) during leg immersion, with a greater increase in hand skin temperature. Skin blood flow was significantly lower on the forehead and forearm in Malaysians during leg immersion. No significant different in mean skin temperature during leg immersion was observed between the two groups. These findings indicated that regional differences in body sweating distribution might exist between Malaysians and Japanese during heat exposure, with more uniform distribution of local sweat rate over the whole body among tropical Malaysians. Altogether, Malaysians appear to display enhanced efficiency of thermal sweating and thermoregulatory responses in dissipating heat loss during heat loading. Thermoregulatory differences between tropical and temperate natives in this study can be interpreted as a result of heat adaptations to physiological function.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leg
  9. Wang S, Xu W, Li LF
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2017 Sep;36(9):912-914.
    PMID: 28338526 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001593
    Cutaneous larva migrans is a frequent dermatologic problem among travelers in tropical areas, but its association with Löffler's syndrome is an extremely rare condition, particularly in children. Here, we describe a 6-year-old boy presenting cutaneous larva migrans associated with Löffler's syndrome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leg/parasitology; Leg/pathology
  10. Vijayakumar, P., Leonard, H.J., Ayiesah, H.R.
    MyJurnal
    Traumatic knee crush injuries of degloving nature carries a greater risk for the multitude of complications rendering emergency surgical intervention the treatment of choice in the majority of such injuries. These types of injuries commonly result in a unique post- operative complication such as arthrofibrosis and it presents overly challenge for Physiotherapists managing it. In this retrospective single-case report, we describe the challenges of in – and out- patient physiotherapy treatment planning for a 16-year old boy throughout the continuum of care for his knee arthrofibrosis following a series of surgical procedures. As result of his complex medical situation, the time-specific physiotherapy intervention during the immediate post-operative period failed to improve our patient’s knee function. The knee function with regard to range of motion ( especially extension), muscle strength(quadriceps) improved considerably with the adoption of an aggressive physiotherapy intervention approach that included specific quadriceps muscle strengthening, joint mobilization (rotation/traction) in sitting position with legs over the edge of table and contract-relax quadriceps stretching in prone position using theraband.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leg
  11. Vanrenterghem, Jos, Zulezwan A. Malik, G. Burniston, Jatin
    MyJurnal
    Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education 5(2): 9-14, 2016 - Jump squat tests can be
    used to investigate the differences in the force - velocity (f-v) profile in movement that is
    more a sport-specific than isolated exercises such as open chain leg extension. However,
    squat jumps involve multi-joint movement, making it questionable which muscle is the main
    contributor for the movement. The main aim of this study is to develop a test of isolated knee
    extension that encompasses the entire range of human f-v relationship and to investigate the
    correlation between linear encoder and kinematic measurement of angular velocity using a
    camera system during unloaded kicking. One healthy male subject volunteered to participate
    in the study and performed 10 unloaded kicks (knee extension). A cuff was strapped around
    the lower leg, approximately 2 cm above the medial malleoli and connected to a linear
    velocity encoder (MuscleLab Ergotest version 4010, Norway). During the test sessions, threedimensional
    motion analysis was performed with an Oqus Motion Capture System (Qualisys,
    Sweden). Data were transferred to Windows-based data acquisition software (Qualisys Track
    Manager). There was a positive linear relationship (r = 0.94). The unloaded kicking test to
    determine maximum angular velocity at knee extension measured using the QTM showed
    that the mean angular velocity was 362˚.s-1, with the highest value being 528˚.s-1. This
    preliminary study suggests isokinetic dynamometry (IKD) can be used to investigate the
    entire range of velocities (i.e isometric – velocity maximum) of knee extension in normal
    human subjects. Further studies can examine the use of IKD in measuring higher velocities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leg
  12. Ting HC
    Med J Malaysia, 1984 Mar;39(1):82-4.
    PMID: 6513846
    The presence of dermatitis cruris pustulosa et atrophicans in three local patients is documented and the condition briefly discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leg
  13. Thambi Dorai CR
    Med J Malaysia, 1986 Jun;41(2):173-5.
    PMID: 3547051
    An infant with bilateral congenital ring constrictions in the legs presenting with ischaemic gangrene of one leg is reported. The ischaemia was precipitated by greenstick fracture, the constriction ring producing a 'tourniquet effect' on the swollen tissues. Prophylactic release of deep annular constrictions is advised to prevent complications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leg/blood supply*
  14. Teoh SC, Sim CY, Chuah SL, Kok V, Teh CL
    BMC Rheumatol, 2021 Mar 03;5(1):7.
    PMID: 33653418 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-021-00177-4
    BACKGROUND: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is an uncommon, idiopathic, ulcerative neutrophilic dermatosis. In many cases, PG is associated with a wide variety of different disorders but SLE in association with PG is relatively uncommon. In this article we present the case of a middle aged patient with PG as the initial clinical presentation of SLE. We also provide a brief review of cobalamin deficiency which occurred in our patient and evidence-based management options.

    CASE PRESENTATION: A 35 years old man presented with a 5 month history of debilitating painful lower limb and scrotal ulcers. This was associated with polyarthralgia and morning stiffness involving both hands. He also complained of swallowing difficulties. He had unintentional weight loss of 10 kg and fatigue. Physical examination revealed alopecia, multiple cervical lymphadenopathies, bilateral parotid gland enlargement and atrophic glossitis. There was Raynaud's phenomenon noted over both hands and generalised hyper-pigmented fragile skin. Laboratory results disclosed anaemia, leukopenia, hyponatraemia and hypocortisolism. Detailed anaemic workup revealed low serum ferritin and cobalamin level. The autoimmune screen showed positive ANA, anti SmD1, anti SS-A/Ro 52, anti SSA/Ro 60, anti U1-snRNP with low complement levels. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies confirmed atrophic gastritis and duodenitis. Intrinsic factor antibodies and anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA were all negative. Punch biopsies of the leg ulcer showed neutrophilic dermatosis consistent with pyoderma gangrenosum. Based on the clinical findings and positive immunologic studies, he was diagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus. His general condition improved substantially with commencement of corticosteroids, immunosuppressants and vitamin supplements.

    CONCLUSIONS: We report a case of PG as the first manifestation of SLE which was treated successfully with immunosuppressants and vitamin supplements. Our report highlighted the need to consider connective tissue diseases such as SLE in a patient presenting with PG in order for appropriate treatment to be instituted thereby achieving a good outcome.

    Matched MeSH terms: Leg Ulcer
  15. Tang ASO, Yong KY, Wong J, Chua HH, Chew LP
    Med J Malaysia, 2017 04;72(2):122-123.
    PMID: 28473676
    This is a case report of subcutaneous mycosis presenting as a non-healing left calf ulcer in an immunocompromised patient. Traumatic inoculation of the causative agent is the most likely route of infection. The diagnosis requires a detailed history and high clinical suspicion, confirmed by histopathological examination. The management requires a multidisciplinary team approach involving surgeon, pathologist, physician sub-specialised in infectious disease, wound care nursing team as well as social support services. The literature review recommended that the treatment of choice for such infection is surgical debridement in addition to optimal antifungal therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leg*; Male
  16. Tajuddin K, Justine M, Mohd Mustafah N, Latif L, Manaf H
    Malays J Med Sci, 2021 Apr;28(2):63-71.
    PMID: 33958961 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.2.6
    Background: Stroke survivors depend on the unaffected leg during walking and standing. The presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) affecting both legs may further affect the postural balance and gait instability and increase the risk for falls in such patients. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of dual taskings on the gait and turning performance of stroke survivors with DPN.

    Methods: Forty stroke survivors were recruited (20 with DPN and 20 without DPN) in this cross-sectional study design. Instrumented timed up and go (iTUG) tests were conducted in three different tasking conditions (single task, dual motor and dual cognitive). APDM® Mobility Lab system was used to capture the gait parameters during the iTUG tests. A two-way mixed analysis of variance was used to determine the main effects of gait performance on three taskings during the iTUG test.

    Results: Spatiotemporal gait parameters and turning performance (turning time and turning step times) were more affected by the tasking conditions in stroke survivors with DPN compared to those without DPN (P < 0.05).

    Conclusion: Stroke survivors with DPN had difficulty walking while turning and performing a secondary task simultaneously.

    Matched MeSH terms: Leg
  17. Tai MS, Sia SF, Kadir KAA, Idris MI, Tan KS
    Case Rep Neurol, 2020 12 14;12(Suppl 1):149-155.
    PMID: 33505287 DOI: 10.1159/000501069
    Background: Coughing due to respiratory tract infections may lead to internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection.

    Aim: We are presenting a patient with an unusual cough-induced ICA dissection.

    Case Report: A 42-year-old health care worker presented with bilateral hand numbness which resolved spontaneously. This initial episode was followed 9 days later with intermittent episodes of right hand and leg weakness with speech difficulty. Two days later, he had another episode of speech difficulty. One week prior to the first presentation, he had upper respiratory tract infection with ongoing strong bouts of coughing. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the brain showed early ischaemic changes at the left frontal and left parietal regions. MR angiography (MRA) showed high signal intensity at the left proximal ICA and poor flow beyond the left carotid bulb. Cerebral angiography revealed left ICA dissection.

    Conclusion: Proper identification of cough-induced extracranial ICA dissection is important because this is treatable.

    Matched MeSH terms: Leg
  18. Tabben M, Eirale C, Singh G, Al-Kuwari A, Ekstrand J, Chalabi H, et al.
    Br J Sports Med, 2021 Jan 05.
    PMID: 33402346 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102945
    BACKGROUND: While football injury and illness epidemiology surveillance at professional club level in Europe is available, epidemiological data from other continents are lacking.

    PURPOSE: Investigating injury and illness epidemiology in professional Asian football.

    STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive prospective study.

    METHODS: Professional teams from the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) league were followed prospectively for three consecutive AFC seasons (2017 through 2019, 13 teams per season, 322 team months). Time-loss injuries and illnesses in addition to individual match and training exposure were recorded using standardised digital tools in accordance with international consensus procedures.

    RESULTS: In total, 232 665 hours of exposure (88.6% training and 11.4% matches) and 1159 injuries were recorded; 496 (42.8%) occurred during matches, 610 (52.6%) during training; 32 (2.8%) were reported as 'not applicable' and for 21 injuries (1.8%) information was missing. Injury incidence was significantly greater during match play (19.2±8.6 injuries per 1000 hours) than training (2.8±1.4, p<0.0001), resulting in a low overall incidence of 5.1±2.2.The injury burden for match injuries was greater than from training injuries (456±336 days per 1000 hours vs 54±34 days, p<0.0001). The two specific injuries causing the greatest burden were complete ACL ruptures (0.14 injuries (95% CI 0.9 to 0.19) and 29.8 days lost (29.1 to 30.5) per 1000 hours) and hamstring strains (0.86 injuries (0.74 to 0.99) and 17.5 days (17.0 to 18.1) lost per 1000 hours).Reinjuries constituted 9.9% of all injuries. Index injuries caused 22.6±40.8 days of absence compared with 25.1±39 for reinjuries (p=0.62). The 175 illnesses recorded resulted in 1.4±2.9 days of time loss per team per month.

    CONCLUSION: Professional Asian football is characterised by an overall injury incidence similar to that reported from Europe, but with a high rate of ACL ruptures and hamstring injury, warranting further investigations.

    Matched MeSH terms: Leg Injuries
  19. Sulaiman AR, Munajat I, Mohd EF
    J Pediatr Orthop B, 2014 Mar;23(2):204-5.
    PMID: 24447940 DOI: 10.1097/BPB.0000000000000007
    Matched MeSH terms: Leg Injuries/complications*
  20. Sulaiman AR, Munajat I, Liau KM, Salehuddin AY, Shukrimi A
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Dec;61 Suppl B:48-50.
    PMID: 17600992
    Distraction osteogeneis over intramedullary nail has a benefit of decreasing the time for external fixation thus reducing the rate of associated complications. However, risk of panosteomyelitis is still the major worry. We are reporting two patients who underwent the procedure. The first case was a 13-year-old girl requiring 6 cm of femoral lengthening and the second case was a 17-year-old girl who required 5 cm of tibial lengthening. The healing index was 19.5 days/cm and 14.8 days/cm respectively, compared favorably to 30 days/cm with traditional method of distraction osteogenesis. There were mild pin tract infections and joint stiffness which responded to non-operative treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leg Length Inequality/radiography; Leg Length Inequality/surgery*
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