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Fulltext Prevalence and risk factors for menstrual disorders among systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Fatnoon NN, Azarisman SM, Zainal D

Singapore Med J, 2008 May;49(5):413-8.
PMID: 18465054

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to determine the prevalence and the types of menstrual disorders among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to identify factors that influence their development.
METHODS: 61 patients with SLE were enrolled into a cross-sectional, observational study at the medical outpatient clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. A total of 120 healthy women were selected randomly to act as the control group. A questionnaire was administered, vital signs were recorded, and blood was evaluated for routine investigations. A review of past medical records was also undertaken.
RESULTS: The mean age and standard deviation for the study group was 33.23 +/- 10.96 years, the majority being ethnic Malays. 75 percent had a severe SLE disease activity index score on initial presentation, and 59 percent were on cyclophosphamide. 49 percent of the study population had menstrual irregularities, of which 60 percent had sustained amenorrhoea. Nine patients with sustained amenorrhoea had hormonal assays, which confirmed the diagnosis of premature menopause.
CONCLUSION: This study showed that SLE patients had a higher risk of developing menstrual irregularities compared to the normal/healthy population. The risk was higher in the older age group (greater than 30 years old) and those on cyclophosphamide therapy, especially those with a cumulative dose of more than 10 g. Sustained amenorrhoea was the commonest irregularity and a majority of them had confirmed premature menopause.
Study site: medical outpatient clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Menstruation Disturbances/complications*
Menstrual flow duration and spotting following Multiload Copper 250 intra-uterine device insertion

Goh TH, Ang ES, Yip YC

J Obstet Gynaecol (Lahore), 1983 Oct;4(2):127-8.
PMID: 12279948
Matched MeSH terms: Menstruation Disturbances*
Attitudes toward menstruation, menstrual-related symptoms, and premenstrual syndrome among adolescent girls: a rural school-based survey

Wong LP

Women Health, 2011 Jun 21;51(4):340-64.
PMID: 21707338 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2011.574792

Folk culture surrounding menstrual-related matters has considerable implications for symptom expression and treatment-seeking behavior. A cross-sectional survey of 1,295 rural adolescent girls aged 13 to 19 years was conducted between February 4 and April 16, 2009 to examine these associations. With a higher score indicating a more positive attitude toward menstruation, the mean attitude score was 3.84 (SD ± 1.62) out of a maximum of six. No significant association was observed between the severity of menstrual symptoms and attitudes. Most (63.1%) of the participants identified themselves as having premenstrual symptoms, and 61.1% viewed premenstrual symptoms as a normal part of menstrual cycle. Participants with a higher severity of symptoms in the premenstrual (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10) and menstrual phase (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07), were more likely to consult a physician for premenstrual symptoms, and having a divorced/separated parents was associated with a reduced odds of consulting a physician compared to those having parents that were married (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.05-0.83). The findings imply the need for education to help adolescent girls manage menstrual symptoms and increase awareness of the benefit of treating them. Given that menstrual-related information was widely available from mothers, family, and social culture are potentially important in shaping good menstrual attitudes.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstruation/psychology*
Fulltext Study on menstrual characteristics, primary dysmenorrhoea, and their association with socio-demographic variables among Chinese undergraduate students in a private university

Teo Jin Yan, Fong Ka Ling, Thulasy Perumal, Lim Pek Hong, Mohammed Abdul Razzaq Jabbar, Thavamalar Paramasivam

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(105):28-0.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Dysmenorrhoea is the most common gynaecology problems female’s goes through in their life. In Malaysia, the overall prevalence of dysmenorrhoea is 78%. There were studies revealed that there is significant asso- ciation between dysmenorrhoea and quality of life (QoL). Female who is having dysmenorrhoea has a lower quality of life compared to others. However, most female ignore this issue as they feel it is a normal female phenomenon. Nevertheless, health education and interventions should be given to reduce dysmenorrhoea, thus improve QoL. The main aim of this research was to determine the menstrual characteristics, primary dysmenorrhoea, and their associa- tion with selected socio-demographic variables among Chinese undergraduate students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 317 participants, aged between 19 to 25 years. Purposive sampling method was uti- lized to recruit the participants. Questionnaire on menstruationwas distributed to collect the information regarding socio-demographic background, menstrual characteristics, and primary dysmenorrhoea. Results: The incidences of primary dysmenorrhoea were reported by 63.4% (n=201)in this study. Only a few socio-demographic variableswere detected to have a significant association with menstrual characteristics and primary dysmenorrhoea. Associations between age and menstrual duration was discovered (p=0.005). Besides, menarche was associated with presence of blood clot during menstruation (P

Matched MeSH terms: Menstruation
Rupture of the uterus: treatment by suturing the tear

Thambu JA

Med J Malaya, 1971 Jun;25(4):293-4.
PMID: 4261304
Matched MeSH terms: Menstruation
Taboo and Malay tradition

Teoh JI

Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 1976 Mar;10(1A):105-10.
PMID: 1065321

According to Malinowski there are no peoples, however primitive, without religion and magic; nor are there any societies lacking either in the scientific attitude or in science (Blumberg 1963). Magic and taboo are resorted to when through the normal use of science, or rational techniques, man is unable to control unpredictable events important to him. Where there is difficulty in predicting the outcome of behaviour, where the results of action are not consonant with effort, where there are great limitions on man's knowledge of vital issues, magical techniques are employed--in short, where circumstances of life are uncertain, uncontrolled and unknown. Magic and animism are systems of thought which give not only the explanation of a single phenomenon, but make it possible to comprehend the totality of the world from one point, as a continuity. Of the three systems of thought--animistic, religious and scientific--animism is perhaps the most consistent and the most exhaustive, the one which explains the world in its entirety.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstruation
Fulltext Menstrual food restrictions and taboos: A qualitative study on rural, resettlement and urban indigenous Temiar of Malaysia

Syed Abdullah SZ

PLoS One, 2022;17(12):e0279629.
PMID: 36574445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279629

Menstruation is arguably the first stage in a woman's reproductive cycle. Among the Temiar, as in many other traditional societies, menstruation represents a time during which a woman is considered to be vulnerable or polluted and there may be food or behavior avoidances and restrictions. The Temiar is one of the eighteen indigenous sub-ethnic groups in Peninsular Malaysia. The objective of this study was to examine the food restrictions and taboos imposed on menstruating Temiar women. A total of 38 participants from four different locations took part in five focus group discussions which represents different lifestyle experiences of the Temiar sub-ethnic group. The findings unfolds many practices: foods to be avoided and spirit in the landscape in order to protect the menstruating woman; isolating the menstruating woman in order to protect the community; consequences of not observing the menstruation food taboos and maintenance of the menstrual taboos. The menstruating women in all locations were prohibited from consuming salt, cooking oils, wild or domesticated animals, and Monosodium glutamate to protect themselves from the excessive flow of menstrual blood and future ill-health. They must eat separately from others because they are deemed polluted and dangerous to the community. The study concludes that the taboos directed towards the menstruating women often do have a caring and protective intention. Menstrual restrictions function not only to protect the menstruating women and the community but also to keep intact the symbolic boundary between human and the non-human world from which disease and weakness comes.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstruation*
Women With Amenorrhea and Men With Menstruation: The Qualitative Experiences of People With Disorders of Sex Development in Nigeria

Sani AM, Arif II, Arshad MM, Mungadi IA, Soh KG, Soh KL

J Nurs Res, 2020 Feb;28(1):e67.
PMID: 30855517 DOI: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000313

BACKGROUND: Disorders of sex development (DSD) affect the quality of life of people who live with this condition. In developing countries, diagnoses of DSD are associated with a delay in presentation until the patients developed ambiguous physical traits and features.
PURPOSE: This study explores the menstrual experiences of people with DSD and sex reassignment in Nigeria.
METHODS: A qualitative approach with a phenomenological study design was employed in this study to explore and describe the experiences of people with DSD at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital in Sokoto, Nigeria. The data were collected using face-to-face interviews, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using NVivo software.
RESULTS: The findings show that the participants experienced menstrual problems: men with menstruation and women with amenorrhea. The female participants generally described amenorrhea as a disappointment and linked menstruation with womanhood. Amenorrhea evinced both emotional and psychological effects. However, some of the female participants considered amenorrhea in a positive light and were happy with their lives without menstruation. The menstrual experiences of male participants included menarche, lower abdominal pain, regular monthly bleeding, and ovulation. The male participants described menstruation as a disaster in their lives and a source of anxiety, suicidal ideation, and depression. Menstruation negatively affected their psychosocial well-being.
CONCLUSIONS: The menstrual experience of individuals with DSD negatively affects their quality of life. The women with DSD in this study showed a generally poor knowledge of menarche, menstruation, and puberty, indicating that their parents had ignored the initial symptoms of DSD. DSD were only recognized at puberty because of the development of ambiguous physical traits and of the onset of menstruation in men and the confirmation of amenorrhea in women.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstruation Disturbances/etiology*; Menstruation Disturbances/epidemiology; Menstruation Disturbances/psychology
A study of menstrual patterns following laparoscopic sterilization with silastic rings

Goh TH, Puvan IS, Wong WP, Sivanesaratnam V, Sinnathuray TA

Int. J. Fertil., 1981;26(2):116-9.
PMID: 6114062

The menstrual patterns of 281 women undergoing laparoscopic sterilization with silastic rings were studied prospectively. A significant increase in dysmenorrhea and irregular periods was seen soon after sterilization but this was transient, returning to presterilization levels by 12 months. Menorrhagia was not observed and the amount of menstrual blood loss showed a trend towards normal following sterilization. No permanent adverse effects on menstrual patterns were seen in the 1st year after sterilization. It is suggested that factors other than the sterilization procedure may be responsible for the high prevalence of menstrual dysfunction that has been reported following sterilization.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstruation*
Evaluation of copper-7 intrauterine device in Malaysian women

Sivanesaratnam V, Puvan IS, Sinnathuray TA

Med J Aust, 1975 Aug 23;2(8):298-301.
PMID: 1165736

A study of 300 Malaysian women who were fitted with the Copper-7 intrauterine device is presented. Two per cent of the acceptors were nulliparous. Insertion was easy in 97-7% of the cases and the side effects were minimal. In a study of over 4,634 women-months a low cumulative expulsion rate, at 12 and 24 months of use, of 3-1 and 3-6 respectively, was observed. However, relatively high cumulative rates of pregnancy of 4-3 and 9-2 occurred at 12 and 24 months of use respectively. Out of a total of 19 pregnancies, in 12 cases the device was found to have descended, a finding not commonly reported. One woman experienced translocation of the device five months after insertion, and in this instance, the device was removed by laparotomy. The findings in this study and their implications are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstruation Disturbances/epidemiology
Fulltext The effect of wearing sanitary napkins of different thicknesses on physiological and psychological responses in Muslim females

Mohamed NG, Abidin NZ, Law KS, Abe M, Suzuki M, Muhamed AM, et al.

J Physiol Anthropol, 2014;33:28.
PMID: 25189184 DOI: 10.1186/1880-6805-33-28

Menstruation is associated with significant unpleasantness, and wearing a sanitary napkin (SN) during menses causes discomfort. In addition, many Muslim women use a thick type of SN during menses due to the religious requirement that even disposable SNs be washed before disposal. Therefore, the objective of this study was to measure the physiological and psychological responses to wearing SNs of different thicknesses during menstruation and non-menstruation phases at rest and during physical activity/exercise among Muslim women.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstruation/psychology*
Fulltext Salivary cariogenic bacteria counts are associated with obesity in student women at a Malaysian university

Yeo WZ, Lim SP, Say YH

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2017 12 10;27(1):99-106.
PMID: 29222886 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.032017.14

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The counts of cariogenic bacteria lactobacilli and mutans streptococci have been studied and correlated with sugar intake. This study was to investigate the association between salivary lactobacilli and mutans streptococci counts with sweet food eating behavior and sweet sensitivity among 120 Malaysian women (101 ethnic Chinese, 19 ethnic Indians), while taking into account anthropometric and menstruation variables.
METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Demographics, anthropometric measurements and menstrual history were taken. Hedonic preference, intake frequency of a list of sweet foods, intensity perception and pleasantness ratings of sweet stimuli were assessed. Saliva was collected for lactobacilli and mutans streptococci culture.
RESULTS: We found that centrally obese subjects (high waist circumference and waist-hip ratio) had significantly higher salivary lactobacilli and mutans streptococci counts (all p<0.05), while overweight and high total body fat subjects had significantly higher salivary mutans streptococci counts (p<0.001). The sweetness intensity perception of chocolate malt drinks was significantly lower in women who were in their pre-menstrual (post-ovulation) phase. However, menstruation variables (menstrual phases, regularity and pre-menstrual syndromes) did not play a role in determining compulsive eating, sweets/chocolate craving and salivary lactobacilli and mutans streptococci counts.
CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, salivary lactobacilli and mutans streptococci counts of the Malaysian women are associated with central obesity, but not sweet food eating behaviour, sweet sensitivity and menstruation variables. Salivary microbiome analysis could be useful as a potential diagnostic indicator of diseases such as obesity.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstruation/physiology
A comparative study of two low-dose combined oral contraceptives: results from a multicenter trial

Dunson TR, McLaurin VL, Israngkura B, Leelapattana B, Mukherjee R, Perez-Palacios G, et al.

Contraception, 1993 Aug;48(2):109-19.
PMID: 8403908 DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(93)90002-O

A comparative multicenter clinical trial of two low-dose combined oral contraceptives (OCs) was conducted in Malaysia, Egypt, Thailand, and Mexico. Efficacy, safety and acceptability were investigated in women taking either a norgestrel-based (NG) OC or a norethindrone acetate-based (NA) OC. This paper includes analysis of 892 women, all of whom were at least 42 days but within 26 weeks postpartum and randomly allocated to one of the above OCs. Follow-up visits were scheduled at 1, 4, 8 and 12 months after admission. Baseline sociodemographic characteristics were similar for both groups, as well as compliance. There were nine unintended pregnancies reported; eight of these occurring in the NA group. Adverse experiences were minor with headaches and dizziness being the most common complaints; frequency of reports was similar in both groups. The group taking the NG-based OC had significantly (p < .05) fewer menstrual-related complaints. Discontinuations due to menstrual problems were significantly more common among NA users (primarily amenorrhea). Discontinuations in the NG group were primarily for other personal reasons, e.g. unable to return to the clinic. There was also a significant difference between the two groups for the 11-month gross cumulative life table discontinuation rates due to menstrual problems (p < .01); the NA group had the higher rate.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstruation Disturbances/chemically induced
Fulltext The effect of a school-based educational intervention on menstrual health: an intervention study among adolescent girls in Bangladesh

Haque SE, Rahman M, Itsuko K, Mutahara M, Sakisaka K

BMJ Open, 2014;4(7):e004607.
PMID: 24993753 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004607

OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of a school-based menstrual education programme on: (1) menstrual knowledge, beliefs and practices, (2) menstrual disorders experienced, and (3) restrictions on menstruating adolescents.
DESIGN: Intervention study.
SETTING: Araihazar area, Bangladesh.
PARTICIPANTS: 416 adolescent female students aged 11-16 years, in grade 6-8, and living with their parents.
INTERVENTIONS: A school-based health education study conducted from April 2012 to April 2013.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES:
We randomly selected 3 of 26 high schools in the study area. We delivered 6 months of educational intervention by trained (by an obstetrician and gynaecologist) research assistants (RAs) on menstrual hygiene among school girls. RAs read the questionnaire and participants answered. The changes in knowledge, beliefs and practices regarding menstruation, menstrual disorders experienced, and the restrictions and behaviours practiced by menstruating adolescents were compared between the baseline and the follow-up assessments.
RESULTS: After health education, participants reported a significant improvement (p<0.001) in 'high knowledge and beliefs' scores compared to baseline (51% vs 82.4%). Significant improvement was also observed in overall good menstrual practices (28.8% vs 88.9%), including improvements in using sanitary pads (22.4% change after the intervention), frequency of changing pads/cloths per day (68.8%), drying the used absorbent (77.6%), methods of disposing of the used absorbent (25.5%), and cleaning of genitalia (19.2%). During the follow-up, the participants reported significant improvements in the regularity of their menstrual cycle (94.5% vs 99.5%) and fewer complications during menstruation (78.6% vs 59.6%).
CONCLUSIONS: The programme produced significant changes in the knowledge, beliefs and practices of menstrual hygiene, complications from lack of hygiene, and the behaviour and restrictions of the menstruating adolescents. These results demonstrate the feasibility of implementing a health education programme for adolescents on menstrual hygiene in secondary schools serving rural Bangladesh.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstruation/psychology*
Fulltext Management of reformation of imperforate hymen following hymenectomy by double cross plasty surgery

Salleh MFA, Ramli R

BMJ Case Rep, 2022 Feb 28;15(2).
PMID: 35228237 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-247589
Matched MeSH terms: Menstruation Disturbances/surgery
Preliminary notes on the substitution of Gossypii cortex (cotton root bark) for Ergota (ergot).

Vardy EC, Rama S

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1941;5:45-50.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstruation-Inducing Agents
Imperforate vaginal septum with haematocolpos

Chuan OK, Ping WW

Med J Malaysia, 1974 Jun;28(4):279-82.
PMID: 4278941
Matched MeSH terms: Menstruation Disturbances/diagnosis; Menstruation Disturbances/etiology*; Menstruation Disturbances/therapy
Fulltext Effect of Nigella sativa on reproductive system in experimental menopause rat model

Parhizkar S, Latiff LA, Parsa A

Avicenna J Phytomed, 2016 Jan-Feb;6(1):95-103.
PMID: 27247926

Menopause is the condition when regular menstrual periods cease and may be accompanied by psychological and physical symptoms. The purpose of current study was to determine Nigella sativa effects on reproductive system in experimental menopause animal models.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstruation; Menstruation Disturbances
Disturbances in normal patterns of menstruation: significance and management. Part III. Postmenopausal bleeding

Hooi YS, Ong HC

Family Practitioner, 1983;6:67-68.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstruation
Disturbances in normal patterns of menstruation: significance and management. Part I. Cycle changes, excessive or irregular bleeding

Hooi YS, Ong HC

Family Practitioner, 1983;6:78-81.

Matched MeSH terms: Menstruation

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