Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 27 in total

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  1. Commentary on article: Aerobic microbe community and necrophagous insects associated with decomposition of pig carrion poisoned with lead by Aneyo et al. (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2019.101638)
    Zaini NA, Ivorra T, Azmiera N, Natasha NA, Heo CC
    Leg Med (Tokyo), 2021 02;48:101818.
    PMID: 33271415 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2020.101818
    Matched MeSH terms: Poisons*
  2. Fulltext Evaluation of types of poisoning exposure calls managed by the Malaysia National Poison Centre (2006-2015): A retrospective review
    Tangiisuran B, Jiva M, Ariff AM, Abdul Rani NA, Misnan A, Rashid SM, et al.
    BMJ Open, 2018 12 31;8(12):e024162.
    PMID: 30598487 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024162
    OBJECTIVE: Accidental or intentional poisoning is a public health concern requiring intervention. The current study designs to evaluate the types of poisoning exposure calls received by the Malaysia National Poison Centre (NPC) over a 10-year period.

    SETTINGS AND DATA SOURCES: The poisoning enquiries database (2006-2015) from the Malaysia NPC was used for the analysis.

    PARTICIPANTS: The NPC records all telephone calls that it manages using a validated and standardised form. Demographics and types of the poisoning exposure calls were extracted and descriptive analysis was applied.

    PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: The primary outcome of this study is to evaluate NPC data for trends in the poisoning exposure calls based on the types and modes of poisoning over a 10-year period. The secondary outcome is to evaluate the characteristics of human exposure cases based on the calls received by the NPC.

    RESULTS: There was a notable increase in the number of poisoning exposure calls noticed during the 10-year period but dropped significantly in 2012. The highest number of poisoning exposure calls came from Selangor (21.0%), Perak (18.0%) and Negeri Sembilan (9.8%). More than half of the exposure was intentional (53.8%) involving more women (50.3%) as compared with men (41.9%), and in the 20-29 years age group category (33.5%). Exposure mostly occurred at home (96%) through the ingestion route (94.1%). Pharmaceutical products (40.5%), pesticides (31.7%) and household products (20.1%) were the common agents implicated for intentional exposure.

    CONCLUSIONS: There is an increasing trend in enquiries on poisoning exposure calls made to the NPC. Most of the intentional poisoning exposures occurred among younger women and involved pharmaceuticals, pesticides or household products. Poisoning safety education and other interventions are needed to curb poisoning incidents.

    Matched MeSH terms: Poisons/classification
  3. Fulltext On the physiological action of the Kenyah dart poison ipoh, and its active principle antiarin
    Seligmann CG
    J Physiol, 1903 Feb 23;29(1):39-57.
    PMID: 16992656 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1903.sp000945
    Matched MeSH terms: Poisons*
  4. Fulltext POTENTIAL OF AQUEOUS GINGER EXTRACT AS FRUIT COATING ON TOMATO
    NOR AMIRA IZATI NOR AZMAN, NUR FAZLEEN SYUHADA ROSTAM, NURUL FAZIHA IBRAHIM, SUHAIZAN LOB
    UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2020;2(4):23-30.
    MyJurnal
    Soft fleshed tomatoes are easily damaged due to mechanical injuries. Later, the wounded tissue will be exposed to fungal infection thus fasten the deterioration rate and reduce the quality of tomato. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential aqueous ginger extract to inhibit fungal pathogen that causes tomato wilt and its potential in delaying the weight loss of tomato fruits. For this purpose, in vitro antifungal assay using poison plate technique was used to observe the inhibition of fungal pathogen. Then, healthy tomato fruits were dipped in aqueous ginger extract before evaluated for the post-harvest quality such as weight loss and firmness. The results of this study show that 10% aqueous ginger extract can inhibit the fungal pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum) that causes tomato wilt with 13.57% inhibition. Through in vivo antifungal assay, tomato fruits dipped in this plant extract showed lower weight loss (14.44%) and higher firmness (1.7 N) as compared to untreated fruit, but the data were not significantly different. Therefore, manipulation of this extract was suggested to increase its antifungal properties or as eco-friendly coating to lengthen the shelf life of agricultural produces.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poisons
  5. Fulltext Availability of sugar-free medicine for children: Are we denying their needs?
    Muhammad Ilyas Ahmad Shuhairi, Hadzliana Zainal, Khoirulzariah Ismail
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2018;13(2):1-7.
    MyJurnal
    This study aimed to review the availability of sugar-free medicine available in the market using the online Monthly Index of Medical Specialties (MIMS) Malaysia 2016. Data collection was obtained from product information (PI) for prescription medications contained in the MIMS Malaysia 2016. Concise information for each product was collected based on therapeutic class groupings. The therapeutic class obtained from PI was assigned to one of the 11 major therapeutic classes. PI that stated its use in paediatrics was further reviewed for the availability of sugar free ingredient. Each product was then allocated into the poison groups: Group B, Group C and Non-Scheduled Poison. A total of 282 PI items from 336 companies in MIMS Malaysia 2016 that satisfied our eligibility criteria were reviewed. Of the 282 PI items reviewed, most of the products, 169 (59.9%) were sugarbased product, while 87 (30.9%) of them belong to sugar free products. Our study found that most of the medicines reviewed in the MIMS Malaysia 2016 were under Group C (134 of total 282). There is still a high number of sugar-containing medicines despite the promotion of sugar-free medication. Therefore, consumers need to be educated on the use of sugar-free medicines in children to increase the demand and availability in the market.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poisons
  6. Fulltext Spectrum of penetrating cardiac injuries from flying feathers
    Muhamad, N.A.R., Tuan Hairulnizam, T.K., Jessie, D.H., Rashidi, A., Jeewadas, B., Isa, A.Z., et al.
    Malaysian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2018;3(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Flying feather is a traditional street weapon, which is believed to be originated from Philippine. It is a famous weapon in Tawau, Sabah, shot within short distance and being used with the aim to debilitate the victims. Some may even apply poison at the tip of the weapon. We report two cases of severe chest injuries in resulting from flying feathers. Case 1, a 25-year old man sustained left sided hemothorax with anterior right ventricle injury. He underwent thoracotomy and was discharged well. Case 2, a 40-year old man, presented to emergency department with no signs of life, sustained penetrating injury to the left second intercostal muscle, the pericardium and the anterior wall of the right ventricle adjacent to the interventricular septum. These cases highlight the severity spectrum of cardiac injury resulting from flying feathers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poisons
  7. Fulltext The use of venom and venom-derived products in medicine and cosmetics: the ethical issues from Islamic perspective
    Muhamad Rusdi Ahmad Rusmil, Iekhsan Othman, Che Anuar Che Mohamad
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(101):1-6.
    MyJurnal
    Venom is a mixture of biologically active toxins that affect normal physiological functions. With the advance in technology, the complexity and functions of venom and its toxins are slowly being revealed. It has become important source for therapeutic, diagnostic and cosmetic agents. However, there is concern among the Muslim community pertaining to halal and safety issues on the venom and venom-derived product usage. There are few studies that discuss the Islamic views in the usage of venom and venom-based product in medicine and cosmetic applications. There is a need for Muslim scientists and scholars to seriously identify the potential ethical and safety issues in the usage of venom and venom-derived products in view of the widespread application in medicine and cosmetic, which subsequently forming the basis for relevant and reliable shariah ruling. This is an attempt to review the relevant articles based on the following keywords: venom and Islamic ruling, venom-based product, venom and medicine, venom and cosmetic, antivenom, venom toxin, snake poison and venom diagnostics. It will also attempt to clarify and elaborate the implication of the “halal” status for venom-based product. Finaly the current available shariah rulings on the usage of venom and venom-based product both in medical and cosmetic area and the related principle of fiqh involved will be analyzed. The findings from this review, particularly the current available ruling will allow various parties to be well informed on the current ruling and related issues on the usage of this products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poisons
  8. Association between aflatoxin M1 excreted in human urine samples with the consumption of milk and dairy products
    Mohd Redzwan S, Rosita J, Mohd Sokhini AM, Nurul Aqilah AR
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2012 Dec;89(6):1115-9.
    PMID: 23052590 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0853-y
    This study aimed to find the association between urinary aflatoxin M(1) level and milk and dairy products consumption. Of 160 morning urine samples collected, aflatoxin M(1) was detected in 61.3 % samples (n = 98) [mean ± SD = 0.0234 ± 0.0177 ng/mL; range = 0-0.0747 ng/mL]. Of these positive samples, 67.3 % (n = 66) had levels above the limit of detection. Respondents with intake of milk and dairy products above median (67.79 g/day) had significantly high level of AFM(1) compared to those with low intake. A significant and positive association (φ = 0.286) was found between milk and dairy products consumption and urinary aflatoxin M(1) level.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poisons/urine*
  9. Fulltext Plant disease control: understanding the roles of toxins and phytoalexins in host-pathogen interaction
    Magaji G. Usman, Tijjani Ahmadu, Adamu Jibrin Nayaya, Aisha M. Dodo
    The Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2018;4(1):54-66.
    MyJurnal
    Naturally, plant habitats are exposed to several potential effects of biotic and different abiotic environmental challenges. Several types of micro-organisms namely; bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes, mites, insects, mammals and other herbivorous animals are found in large amounts in all ecosystems, which lead to considerable reduction in crop productivity. These organisms are agents carrying different diseases that can damage the plants through the secretion of toxic-microbial poisons that can penetrate in the plant tissues. Toxins are injurious substances that act on plant protoplast to influence disease development. In response to the stress effect, plants defend themselves by bearing some substances such as phytoalexins. Production of phytoalexins is one of the complex mechanisms through which plants exhibit disease resistance. Several findings specifically on phytoalexins have widen the understanding in the fields of plant biochemistry and molecular biology. However, this review reports the interaction of toxins and phytoalexins in plant-pathogen cycle, research progress on the association of phytoalexins with plant disease resistance as well as the role of the phytoalexins in plant disease control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poisons
  10. Injuries to the eye and associated structures
    Lowther AH
    Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1939;3:326-38.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poisons
  11. Pharmacological and toxicological actions of dart poison used in Malaya
    LIN RC
    Nature, 1952 Sep 06;170(4323):416.
    PMID: 12993184
    Matched MeSH terms: Poisons*
  12. Analysis of some Malaysian dart poisons
    Kopp B, Bauer WP, Bernkop-Schnürch A
    J Ethnopharmacol, 1992 Feb;36(1):57-62.
    PMID: 1501494
    An investigation of nine Malaysian dart poisons has confirmed that their main active components are cardenolides from Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch. and alkaloids probably from different forms of Strychnos ignatii P. Bergius. It is not possible to determine the ethnic origin of the poisons from the results of the analyses on their own. Two new cardiac glycosides have been isolated and their structures determined as 12 beta-hydroxycannogenin 3 beta-O-beta-D-deoxygulopyranoside and 3 beta-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poisons/analysis*
  13. Fulltext Use of intramuscular botulinum toxin in Malaysian children with cerebral palsy
    Khoo TB, Yusniza MY, Chern PM
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Mar;62(1):3-5.
    PMID: 17682560 MyJurnal
    A study was carried out to determine the clinical effectiveness of intramuscular botulinum toxin type A (BTX) in the treatment of spasticity or dystonia in 58 consecutive children with cerebral palsy (CP). The effectiveness of the treatment was determined by the reduction of spasticity and global parental perception scale. The mean age of treatment was six years and the most frequent aim of treatment (91.1%) was functional improvement. The median reduction of spasticity as measured by modified Ashworth scale was 1. The short term outcome was graded as excellent or good by 44.6% and satisfactory by 38.4% of parents. Patients with dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy had the best response. Adverse effects were minimal. BTX treatment is modestly effective in the majority of our patients with spastic and dyskinetic cerebral palsy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poisons/administration & dosage*; Poisons/therapeutic use
  14. Fulltext Epidemiology and risk factors of pesticide poisoning in Malaysia: a retrospective analysis by the National Poison Centre (NPC) from 2006 to 2015
    Kamaruzaman NA, Leong YH, Jaafar MH, Mohamed Khan HR, Abdul Rani NA, Razali MF, et al.
    BMJ Open, 2020 06 01;10(6):e036048.
    PMID: 32487578 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036048
    OBJECTIVE: Pesticide poisoning is a global health problem, and its progressive deterioration is a major cause of concern. The objective of this study is to assess epidemiological characteristics and identify risk factors of pesticide poisoning in Malaysia.

    SETTING: Pesticide poisoning database of Malaysia National Poison Centre (NPC) from 2006 to 2015.

    PARTICIPANTS: Telephone enquiries regarding pesticide poisoning were made by healthcare professionals. Information received by the NPC was entered into a retrievable database of standardised Poison Case Report Form, as adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO).

    OUTCOMES: The outcome of the study is to provide an overview of national epidemiological profile of pesticide poisoning. High-risk groups of people and their circumstances were also identified to ensure that appropriate measures are strategised.

    RESULTS: Within the study period, a total of 11 087 pesticide poisoning cases were recorded. Sixty per cent of these cases were intentional in nature and most were found among male individuals (57%) of the Indian race (36.4%) aged between 20 and 29 years (25.5%), which occurred at home (90%) through the route of ingestion (94%). The highest number of poisoning was due to herbicides (44%) followed by agricultural insecticides (34%), rodenticides (9.9%), household insecticides (9.5%) and fungicides (0.5%). In addition, 93.6% of intentional pesticide poisoning cases were caused by suicide attempts. The results of this study show that there was an increasing trend in pesticide poisoning incidents over the 10-year duration. This indicates that pesticide poisoning is a prevalent public health problem in Malaysia, resulting in an average incidence rate of 3.8 per 100 000 population.

    CONCLUSIONS: Deliberate pesticide ingestion as a method of suicide has become a disturbing trend among Malaysians. Therefore, regulation of highly hazardous pesticides must be enforced to ensure controlled and limited access to these chemicals by the public.

    Matched MeSH terms: Poisons*
  15. Fulltext Usage of traditional medicines among elderly and the prevalence of prednisolone contamination
    Ismail Z, Mohamed R, Mohd Hassan MH, Wan Su K
    Malays J Med Sci, 2005 Jul;12(2):50-5.
    PMID: 22605958
    The elderly consume many medications including traditional medicines. In 1986, it was found that 29% of elderly took traditional medicines although in 1996, the National Health Morbidity survey reported a 2.3% prevalence. However, studies from other countries showed much higher percentages. The Ministry of Health in Malaysia is concerned that some of these preparations maybe contaminated with steroids, antihistamines, hormones and other poisons. The aims of the study were to determine a). the health seeking behaviour of elderly Malays living in rural areas, b). the utilization of both modern and traditional medicines and c). the steroid content of the traditional medicines used. Methodology included interviews using structured questionnaires of elderly Malays living in rural areas of Kelantan, aged above 60 years. Samples of traditional medications collected were sent to the Pharmacology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, for steroid content analysis using Thin Layer Chromatography. A total of 599 elderly respondents were interviewed comprising 62.4% females and 37.6% males. The 60-69 years cohort group made up 48.7%, followed by 70-79 years at 36.1% and the remainder 15.2% were more than 80 years. There were 82% of elderly taking medicines. The trends of utilization of modern and traditional medicine in the last two weeks among elderly were 59.3% and 40.9% respectively. The utilization of traditional medicine by rural elderly Malays was therefore much higher than that reported in the previous study and nearly similar to that of France and Australian studies. There were 102 samples of traditional medications collected and analysed for steroid content. Results showed that 27.5% were positive for prednisolone, 34.3% positive for unknown steroids (a total of 61.8%) and 38.2% were negative for both steroids. The present study therefore once again confirmed the high usage of traditional medicines where some of which are contaminated with steroids.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poisons
  16. The nutritional value of indigenous fruits and vegetables in Sarawak
    Hoe VB, Siong KH
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 1999 Mar;8(1):24-31.
    PMID: 24393732
    The proximate composition including mineral and vitamin contents of 16 fruits and 46 vegetables (leaves, fruits, palm hearts and shoots) of indigenous origin in Sarawak are provided. Fruits like dabai (Canarium odontophyllum), kembayau (Dacryodes rostrata f. cuspidata), durian nyekak (Durio kutejensis) and durian kuning (Durio graveolens) are very nutritious with high values for energy, protein and potassium. Among the vegetables, the protein content of letup (Passiflora foetida), kepayang (Pangium edule) and tubu (Pycnarrhena tumetacta) is high, ranging from 6 to 7%. The range of nutrients among foods of indigenous origin are generally comparable with those of many cultivated species except for vitamin C, which is lower. Teh Kampung (Leucosyke capitellata) leaves are particularly high in magnesium (626 mg/100 g). Some of the indigenous vegetables contain antinutritional factors. Kepayang has very high levels of hydrogen cyanide (1834 µg/g on dry basis) but this poison can be completely evaporated by boiling. Indigenous fruits and vegetables which are pesticide residue free are important food sources for rural populations. Nutritious indigenous fruits and vegetables have the potential to be promoted for wider use, domestication and commercialization.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poisons
  17. Nickel and zinc complexes of testosterone N4-substituted thiosemicarbazone: Selective cytotoxicity towards human colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT 116 and their cell death mechanisms
    Heng MP, Sim KS, Tan KW
    J Inorg Biochem, 2020 07;208:111097.
    PMID: 32438269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111097
    Two new Schiff base ligands (TE and TF) were prepared from conjugation of testosterone with 4-(4-ethylphenyl)-3-thiosemicarbazide and 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-thiosemicarbazide, respectively. Their nickel (NE and NF) and zinc (ZE and ZF) complexes were reported. X-ray crystallography revealed a distorted square planar geometry was adopted by NE. The compounds demonstrated excellent selectivity towards the colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT 116 despite their weak preferences towards the prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and LNCaP). Against HCT 116, all these compounds were able to arrest cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and induce apoptosis via mitochondria-dependent (TE, NE, and TF) and extrinsic apoptotic pathway (ZE, NF, and ZF). Moreover, only ZE was able to act as topoisomease I poison and halt its enzymatic reactions although all compounds presented excellent affinity towards DNA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poisons
  18. Further tests of repellants and poisons against leeches
    HARRISON JL, AUDY JR, TRAUB R
    Med J Malaya, 1954 Sep;9(1):61-71.
    PMID: 13213454
    Matched MeSH terms: Poisons*
  19. A confirmed bite by a Beautiful Pit Viper (Trimeresurus venustus) resulting in local symptoms
    Fuchs J, Bessire K, Weiler S
    Toxicon, 2019 Mar 20;163:44-47.
    PMID: 30902684 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.03.019
    This case report describes the effect of an envenomation by the Beautiful Pit Viper Trimeresurus venustus (or Cryptelytrops venustus), which is a green pit viper native to Thailand and Malaysia. A previously healthy 60-year-old snake breeder with no relevant medical history was bitten by his adult T. venustus in the third finger of his right hand while taking it out of the feeding box. The bite was painful and swelling progressed to include his whole hand within an hour after the bite. He was treated symptomatically with pre-emptive antibiotics and analgesics, never developed any hematological disorders such as coagulopathy and bleeding or disseminated intravascular coagulation and was discharged 26 hours after the bite. The clinical course in our patient matched two other well-documented cases reported to our Poisons Centre, and one further case presented as a conference-poster. All patients recovered with symptomatic therapy and never required antivenom. Therefore, bites by T. venustus seem to present with less severe symptoms compared to other Trimeresurus species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Poisons
  20. John Desmond Gimlette: "one of God's own"
    Fleming PR
    J Med Biogr, 1998 Nov;6(4):222-6.
    PMID: 11623507
    Matched MeSH terms: Poisons/history*
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