Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 81 in total

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  1. Screening of lead exposure among workers in Selangor and Federal Territory in Malaysia
    Surif S, Chai CY
    Environ Pollut, 1995;88(2):177-81.
    PMID: 15091558
    The study of lead exposure among workers in Selangor and the Federal Territory was carried out based on the delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) level in urine. Occupations which are expected to have higher lead exposure were chosen in this research. The ALA level in the workers' urine was linked to a few variables which may contribute to the lead level in the body. The result of this study showed that the ALA level of the urine of university students (0.352 +/- 0.038 mg/100 ml) < clerical staff (0.560 +/- 0.043 mg/100 ml) < traffic police (0.612 +/- 0.064 mg/100 ml) < vehicle workshop workers (0.673 +/- 0.099 mg/100 ml) < petrol kiosk workers (0.717 +/- 0.069 mg/100 ml) < bus drivers/conductors (0.850 +/- 0.055 mg/100 ml) which was similar to workers in the printing industry (0.852 +/- 0.110 mg/100 ml). The ALA levels in the urine of the exposed workers were significantly different from the control group (university students). However, results obtained from clerical staff revealed that they were also in the exposed group category. Analysis of variance showed that the exposed groups are in a population which is different from the control population. Correlation tests suggest that there is no significant connection between the ALA level in the urine and the variables tested. Furthermore, Duncan's Multiple Range Test showed no significant differences between the smoking/non smoking group, alcoholic/non-alcoholic group, race and sex (p > 0.05).
    Matched MeSH terms: Printing
  2. Fulltext Selective formation of tungsten nanowires
    Bien DC, Saman RM, Badaruddin SA, Lee HW
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2011;6(1):543.
    PMID: 21970543 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-6-543
    We report on a process for fabricating self-aligned tungsten (W) nanowires with polycrystalline silicon core. Tungsten nanowires as thin as 10 nm were formed by utilizing polysilicon sidewall transfer technology followed by selective deposition of tungsten by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using WF6 as the precursor. With selective CVD, the process is self-limiting whereby the tungsten formation is confined to the polysilicon regions; hence, the nanowires are formed without the need for lithography or for additional processing. The fabricated tungsten nanowires were observed to be perfectly aligned, showing 100% selectivity to polysilicon and can be made to be electrically isolated from one another. The electrical conductivity of the nanowires was characterized to determine the effect of its physical dimensions. The conductivity for the tungsten nanowires were found to be 40% higher when compared to doped polysilicon nanowires of similar dimensions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Printing
  3. Fulltext Effect of nickel and platinum addition on the thixotopic behaviour of lead-free solder paste
    Durairaj, R., Leong, K.C., Chia Wea, L., Wong, M.C.
    ASM Science Journal, 2011;5(2):109-114.
    MyJurnal
    Lead-free solder paste printing processes account for the majority of assembly defects in the electronic manufacturing industry. In the stencil printing process, the solder paste must be able to withstand low and high shear rates which result in continuous structural breakdown and build-up. This study investigated the effect of the addition of nickel and platinum powders to the thixotropic behaviour of lead-free Sn/Ag/Cu solder pastes using the structural kinetic model. A hysteresis loop test and constant shear test were utilized to investigate the thixotropic behaviour of the pastes using parallel plate rheometry at 25ºC. In this study, the shear rates were increased from 0.01 s–1 to 10 s–1 and the second curve was a result of decreasing the shear rate from 10 s–1 to 0.01 s–1. For the constant shear test, the samples were subjected to five different shear rates of 0.01s–1, 0.1s–1, 1s–1, 10s–1 and 100s–1. The constant shear rate test was designed to study the structural breakdown and build-up of the paste materials. From this investigation, the hysteresis loop test was shown to be an effective test method to differentiate the extent of structural recovery in the solder pastes. All the pastes showed a high degree of shear thinning behaviour with time. This might be due to the agglomeration of particles in the flux that prohibited paste flow under low shear rate. The action of high shear rate would break the agglomerates into smaller pieces which facilitated the flow of pastes, thus viscosity was reduced at high shear rate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Printing
  4. Fulltext Investigation of stx 2 + eae + Escherichia coli O157:H7 in beef imported from Malaysia to Thailand
    International Food Research Journal, 2011;18(1):381-386.
    MyJurnal
    To gain insight into the microbiological safety of food products routinely traded across international borders in Southeast Asian countries, beef imported from Malaysia to southern Thailand was examined for contamination with Escherichia coli O157 and its subsequent spread into the imported areas. We screened 31 samples exported from Malaysia and 36 domestic Thai samples. Isolation methods including an O157 antigen-targeted immunomagnetic separation technique, screening on CHROMagar O157 medium, and serotype confirmation of E. coli isolates by specific agglutination tests were employed. Fourteen strains of E. coli O157:H7 were isolated from eight Malaysian samples (25.8%) and six strains from four Thai samples (11.1%). These strains were of the stx1-stx2+eae+ genotype except one Malaysian strain which was of the stx1- stx2- eae+ genotype. All 19 O157:H7 strains possessing the stx2 gene produced little or no Stx2 (reversed passive latex agglutination titer ≤ 4). Of the 19 strains, five Malaysian (38.5%) and two Thai (33.3%) strains exhibited resistance to a set of antibiotics. Finally, the results of two DNA fingerprinting
    analyses (O157 IS-printing targeted to IS629 and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, PFGE) of the O157:H7 strains possessing the stx2 gene, indicated that the Malaysian and Thai strains are closely related. Therefore, E. coli O157:H7 might be transferred from Malaysia to southern Thailand through beef trade.
    Matched MeSH terms: Printing; DNA Fingerprinting
  5. Effect of TMAH etching duration on the formation of silicon nanowire transistor patterned by AFM nanolithography
    Hutagalung SD, Lew KC
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:1023-1028.
    Atomic force microscopy (AFM) lithography was applied to produce nanoscale pattern for silicon nanowire transistor fabrication. This technique takes advantage of imaging facility of AFM and the ability of probe movement controlling over the sample surface to create nanopatterns. A conductive AFM tip was used to grow the silicon oxide nanopatterns on silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer. The applied tip-sample voltage and writing speed were well controlled in order to form pre-designed silicon oxide nanowire transistor structures. The effect of tetra methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) etching duration on the oxide covered silicon nanowire transistor structure has been investigated. A completed silicon nanowire transistor was obtained by removing the oxide layer via hydrofluoric acid etching process. The fabricated silicon nanowire transistor consists of a silicon nanowire that acts as a channel with source and drain pads. A lateral gate pad with a nanowire head was fabricated very close to the channel in the formation of transistor structures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Printing
  6. Production of uv-curable palm oil resins/oligomers using laboratory scale and pilot scale systems
    Rida Tajau, Mohd hilmi Mahmood, Mek Zah Salleh, Khairul Zaman Mohd dahlan, Rosley Che ismail, Sharilla Muhammad Faisal, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:459-467.
    In recent years, there are growing trends in using palm oil as raw materials in radiation curable resins production. In this study, the acrylated palm oil resins i.e. the EPOLA (epoxidized palm oil acrylate) and the POBUA (palm oil based urethane acrylate) were synthesized using two different systems, i.e. the 25 liter pilot scale reactor synthesis system and the 2 liter (L) laboratory scale reactor synthesis system through chemical processes known as acrylation and isocyanation. In this
    paper, the property of the acrylated resins which were produced by these two systems were evaluated and compared between each other. Their properties were characterized using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer for functional group identification; the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for molecular weight (Mw) determination, the Brookfield viscometer for viscosity measurements, the acid values (AV) and the oxirane oxygen contents (OOC) analysis. As a result, the production process for both the 2 L and 25 L reactor system were found to be time consuming and the main advantages for the 25 L reactor was its higher productivity as compared with the 2 L reactor system with the same synthesis process parameters i.e. the temperatures and the experimental methods. Besides that, the 25 L reactor synthesis
    process was found to be safe, easy to control and served unpolluted process to the environments. The final products, the acrylated palm oil resins were formulated into ultraviolet (UV) curable compounds before subjecting them under UVirradiation. As a result, the UV-curable palm oil resins showed potential uses as pressure sensitive adhesives, printing inks including overprint varnishes (OPV) and coatings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Printing
  7. Reverse engineering of planar objects using GAs
    Muhammad Sarfraz, Misbah Irshad, Malik Zawwar Hussain
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1167-1179.
    An automatic approach, for reverse engineering of digitized hand printed and electronic planar objects, is presented which is useful for vectorizing the generic shapes. The rational cubic function were used to find the optimal solution of the curve fitting problem with the help of a soft computing technique genetic algorithm which finds appropiate values of shape parameters in the description of rational cubic functions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Printing
  8. Utility of multimaterial 3D printers in creating models with pathological entities to enhance the training experience of neurosurgeons
    Waran V, Narayanan V, Karuppiah R, Owen SL, Aziz T
    J. Neurosurg., 2014 Feb;120(2):489-92.
    PMID: 24321044 DOI: 10.3171/2013.11.JNS131066
    The advent of multimaterial 3D printers allows the creation of neurosurgical models of a more realistic nature, mimicking real tissues. The authors used the latest generation of 3D printer to create a model, with an inbuilt pathological entity, of varying consistency and density. Using this model the authors were able to take trainees through the basic steps, from navigation and planning of skin flap to performing initial steps in a craniotomy and simple tumor excision. As the technology advances, models of this nature may be able to supplement the training of neurosurgeons in a simulated operating theater environment, thus improving the training experience.
    Matched MeSH terms: Printing
  9. Fulltext Reliability Study of Solder Paste Alloy for the Improvement of Solder Joint at Surface Mount Fine-Pitch Components
    Rahman MNA, Zubir NSM, Leuveano RAC, Ghani JA, Mahmood WMFW
    Materials (Basel), 2014 Dec 02;7(12):7706-7721.
    PMID: 28788270 DOI: 10.3390/ma7127706
    The significant increase in metal costs has forced the electronics industry to provide new materials and methods to reduce costs, while maintaining customers' high-quality expectations. This paper considers the problem of most electronic industries in reducing costly materials, by introducing a solder paste with alloy composition tin 98.3%, silver 0.3%, and copper 0.7%, used for the construction of the surface mount fine-pitch component on a Printing Wiring Board (PWB). The reliability of the solder joint between electronic components and PWB is evaluated through the dynamic characteristic test, thermal shock test, and Taguchi method after the printing process. After experimenting with the dynamic characteristic test and thermal shock test with 20 boards, the solder paste was still able to provide a high-quality solder joint. In particular, the Taguchi method is used to determine the optimal control parameters and noise factors of the Solder Printer (SP) machine, that affects solder volume and solder height. The control parameters include table separation distance, squeegee speed, squeegee pressure, and table speed of the SP machine. The result shows that the most significant parameter for the solder volume is squeegee pressure (2.0 mm), and the solder height is the table speed of the SP machine (2.5 mm/s).
    Matched MeSH terms: Printing
  10. Fulltext Effect of layer thickness and printing orientation on mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy of 3D printed porous samples for bone tissue engineering
    Farzadi A, Solati-Hashjin M, Asadi-Eydivand M, Abu Osman NA
    PLoS One, 2014;9(9):e108252.
    PMID: 25233468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108252
    Powder-based inkjet 3D printing method is one of the most attractive solid free form techniques. It involves a sequential layering process through which 3D porous scaffolds can be directly produced from computer-generated models. 3D printed products' quality are controlled by the optimal build parameters. In this study, Calcium Sulfate based powders were used for porous scaffolds fabrication. The printed scaffolds of 0.8 mm pore size, with different layer thickness and printing orientation, were subjected to the depowdering step. The effects of four layer thicknesses and printing orientations, (parallel to X, Y and Z), on the physical and mechanical properties of printed scaffolds were investigated. It was observed that the compressive strength, toughness and Young's modulus of samples with 0.1125 and 0.125 mm layer thickness were more than others. Furthermore, the results of SEM and μCT analyses showed that samples with 0.1125 mm layer thickness printed in X direction have more dimensional accuracy and significantly close to CAD software based designs with predefined pore size, porosity and pore interconnectivity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Printing, Three-Dimensional
  11. Fulltext A review of roll-to-roll nanoimprint lithography
    Kooy N, Mohamed K, Pin LT, Guan OS
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2014;9(1):320.
    PMID: 25024682 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-9-320
    Since its introduction in 1995, nanoimprint lithography has been demonstrated in many researches as a simple, low-cost, and high-throughput process for replicating micro- and nanoscale patterns. Due to its advantages, the nanoimprint lithography method has been rapidly developed over the years as a promising alternative to conventional nanolithography processes to fulfill the demands generated from the recent developments in the semiconductor and flexible electronics industries, which results in variations of the process. Roll-to-roll (R2R) nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is the most demanded technique due to its high-throughput fulfilling industrial-scale application. In the present work, a general literature review on the various types of nanoimprint lithography processes especially R2R NIL and the methods commonly adapted to fabricate imprint molds are presented to provide a clear view and understanding on the nanoimprint lithography technique as well as its recent developments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Printing
  12. Fulltext Highly sensitive integrated pressure sensor with horizontally oriented carbon nanotube network
    Mohammad Haniff MA, Lee HW, Bien DC, Teh AS, Azid IA
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2014;9(1):49.
    PMID: 24472487 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-9-49
    This paper presents a functionalized, horizontally oriented carbon nanotube network as a sensing element to enhance the sensitivity of a pressure sensor. The synthesis of horizontally oriented nanotubes from the AuFe catalyst and their deposition onto a mechanically flexible substrate via transfer printing are studied. Nanotube formation on thermally oxidized Si (100) substrates via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition controls the nanotube coverage and orientation on the flexible substrate. These nanotubes can be simply transferred to the flexible substrate without changing their physical structure. When tested under a pressure range of 0 to 50 kPa, the performance of the fabricated pressure sensor reaches as high as approximately 1.68%/kPa, which indicates high sensitivity to a small change of pressure. Such sensitivity may be induced by the slight contact in isolated nanotubes. This nanotube formation, in turn, enhances the modification of the contact and tunneling distance of the nanotubes upon the deformation of the network. Therefore, the horizontally oriented carbon nanotube network has great potential as a sensing element for future transparent sensors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Printing
  13. Endoscopic skull base training using 3D printed models with pre-existing pathology
    Narayanan V, Narayanan P, Rajagopalan R, Karuppiah R, Rahman ZA, Wormald PJ, et al.
    Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 2015 Mar;272(3):753-7.
    PMID: 25294050 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-3300-3
    Endoscopic base of skull surgery has been growing in acceptance in the recent past due to improvements in visualisation and micro instrumentation as well as the surgical maturing of early endoscopic skull base practitioners. Unfortunately, these demanding procedures have a steep learning curve. A physical simulation that is able to reproduce the complex anatomy of the anterior skull base provides very useful means of learning the necessary skills in a safe and effective environment. This paper aims to assess the ease of learning endoscopic skull base exposure and drilling techniques using an anatomically accurate physical model with a pre-existing pathology (i.e., basilar invagination) created from actual patient data. Five models of a patient with platy-basia and basilar invagination were created from the original MRI and CT imaging data of a patient. The models were used as part of a training workshop for ENT surgeons with varying degrees of experience in endoscopic base of skull surgery, from trainees to experienced consultants. The surgeons were given a list of key steps to achieve in exposing and drilling the skull base using the simulation model. They were then asked to list the level of difficulty of learning these steps using the model. The participants found the models suitable for learning registration, navigation and skull base drilling techniques. All participants also found the deep structures to be accurately represented spatially as confirmed by the navigation system. These models allow structured simulation to be conducted in a workshop environment where surgeons and trainees can practice to perform complex procedures in a controlled fashion under the supervision of experts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Printing, Three-Dimensional*
  14. Fulltext Structure, Properties, and In Vitro Behavior of Heat-Treated Calcium Sulfate Scaffolds Fabricated by 3D Printing
    Asadi-Eydivand M, Solati-Hashjin M, Shafiei SS, Mohammadi S, Hafezi M, Abu Osman NA
    PLoS One, 2016;11(3):e0151216.
    PMID: 26999789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151216
    The ability of inkjet-based 3D printing (3DP) to fabricate biocompatible ceramics has made it one of the most favorable techniques to generate bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds. Calcium sulfates exhibit various beneficial characteristics, and they can be used as a promising biomaterial in BTE. However, low mechanical performance caused by the brittle character of ceramic materials is the main weakness of 3DP calcium sulfate scaffolds. Moreover, the presence of certain organic matters in the starting powder and binder solution causes products to have high toxicity levels. A post-processing treatment is usually employed to improve the physical, chemical, and biological behaviors of the printed scaffolds. In this study, the effects of heat treatment on the structural, mechanical, and physical characteristics of 3DP calcium sulfate prototypes were investigated. Different microscopy and spectroscopy methods were employed to characterize the printed prototypes. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the specimens was also evaluated before and after heat treatment. Results showed that the as-printed scaffolds and specimens heat treated at 300°C exhibited severe toxicity in vitro but had almost adequate strength. By contrast, the specimens heat treated in the 500°C-1000°C temperature range, although non-toxic, had insufficient mechanical strength, which was mainly attributed to the exit of the organic binder before 500°C and the absence of sufficient densification below 1000°C. The sintering process was accelerated at temperatures higher than 1000°C, resulting in higher compressive strength and less cytotoxicity. An anhydrous form of calcium sulfate was the only crystalline phase existing in the samples heated at 500°C-1150°C. The formation of calcium oxide caused by partial decomposition of calcium sulfate was observed in the specimens heat treated at temperatures higher than 1200°C. Although considerable improvements in cell viability of heat-treated scaffolds were observed in this study, the mechanical properties were not significantly improved, requiring further investigations. However, the findings of this study give a better insight into the complex nature of the problem in the fabrication of synthetic bone grafts and scaffolds via post-fabrication treatment of 3DP calcium sulfate prototypes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Printing, Three-Dimensional*
  15. Evaluation of Enzymatic Deinking of Non-impact Ink Laser-Printed Paper Using Crude Enzyme from Penicillium rolfsii c3-2(1) IBRL
    Lee KC, Tong WY, Ibrahim D, Arai T, Murata Y, Mori Y, et al.
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2017 Jan;181(1):451-463.
    PMID: 27596245 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2223-4
    Application of microbial enzymes for paper deinking is getting tremendous attention due to the rapidly increasing of waste paper every year. This study reports the deinking efficiency of laser-printed paper by the lignocellulolytic enzyme from Penicillium rolfsii c3-2(1) IBRL strain compared to other enzyme sources as well as commercial available enzymes. High enzymatic deinking efficiency of approximately 82 % on laser-printed paper was obtained by pulp treatment with crude enzyme from P. rolfsii c3-2(1) IBRL. However, this crude enzyme was found to reduce the paper strength properties of the pulp based on the results of tensile, tear and burst indices, most probably due to the cellulose degradation. This was further proven by the low viscosity of paper pulp obtained after enzymatic treatment and increasing of sugar production during the treatment. Balancing to this detrimental effect on paper pulp, high deinking efficiency was achieved within a short period of time, in which the enzymatic treatment was conducted for 30 min that enabled contribution to higher brightness index obtained, thus promoting savings of time and energy consumption, therefore environmental sustainability. Extensive research should be conducted to understand the nature and mechanism of enzymatic deinking process by the crude enzyme from P. rolfsii c3-2(1) IBRL in order to improve paper strength properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Printing
  16. Comparison of reconstructed rapid prototyping models produced by 3-dimensional printing and conventional stone models with different degrees of crowding
    Wan Hassan WN, Yusoff Y, Mardi NA
    Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2017 Jan;151(1):209-218.
    PMID: 28024776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.08.019
    INTRODUCTION: Rapid prototyping models can be reconstructed from stereolithographic digital study model data to produce hard-copy casts. In this study, we aimed to compare agreement and accuracy of measurements made with rapid prototyping and stone models for different degrees of crowding.

    METHODS: The Z Printer 450 (3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC) reprinted 10 sets of models for each category of crowding (mild, moderate, and severe) scanned using a structured-light scanner (Maestro 3D, AGE Solutions, Pisa, Italy). Stone and RP models were measured using digital calipers for tooth sizes in the mesiodistal, buccolingual, and crown height planes and for arch dimension measurements. Bland-Altman and paired t test analyses were used to assess agreement and accuracy. Clinical significance was set at ±0.50 mm.

    RESULTS: Bland-Altman analysis showed the mean bias of measurements between the models to be within ±0.15 mm (SD, ±0.40 mm), but the 95% limits of agreement exceeded the cutoff point of ±0.50 mm (lower range, -0.81 to -0.41 mm; upper range, 0.34 to 0.76 mm). Paired t tests showed statistically significant differences for all planes in all categories of crowding except for crown height in the moderate crowding group and arch dimensions in the mild and moderate crowding groups.

    CONCLUSIONS: The rapid prototyping models were not clinically comparable with conventional stone models regardless of the degree of crowding.

    Matched MeSH terms: Printing, Three-Dimensional*
  17. Cytocompatibility of Titanium Microsphere-Based Surfaces
    Huang X, Shan L, Cheng K, Weng W
    ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 2017 Dec 11;3(12):3254-3260.
    PMID: 33445368 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00551
    The topography at the micro/nanoscale level for biomaterial surfaces has been thought to play vital roles in their interactions with cells. However, discovering the interdisciplinary mechanisms underlying how cells respond to micro-nanostructured topography features still remains a challenge. In this work, ∼37 μm 3D printing used titanium microspheres and their further hierarchical micro-nanostructured spheres through hydrothermal treatment were adopted to construct typical model surface topographies to study the preosteoblastic cell responses (adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation). We here demonstrated that not only the hierarchical micro-nanostructured surface topography but also their distribution density played critical role on cell cytocompatibility. The microstructured topography feature surface with middle-density distributed titanium microspheres showed significantly enhanced cell responses, which might be attributed to the better cellular interaction due to the cell aggregates. However, the hierarchical micro-nanostructured topography surface, regardless of the distribution density of titanium microspheres, improved the cell-surface interactions because of the enhanced initial protein adsorption, thereby reducing the cell aggregates and consequently their responses. This work, therefore, provides new insights into the fundamental understanding of cell-material interactions and will have a profound impact on further designing micro-nanostructured topography surfaces to control cell responses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Printing, Three-Dimensional
  18. Fulltext Development of adjustable foot corrective device for clubfoot treatment
    Shahrol Mohamaddan, Chai Siew Fu, Ahmad Hata Rasit, Siti Zawiah Md Dawal, Keith Case
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(105):251-258.
    MyJurnal
    Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) or clubfoot is a complex deformity of the foot that is characterised by four main deformities; forefoot cavus and adductus, hindfoot varus and ankle equinus. Currently, the Ponseti method is the most general and recognized treatment with a high success rate of over 90%. The treatment involves gentle manipulation and serial casting. However, the casting method could create complications for the patients such as soft-tissue damage and inconvenience in following the treatment schedule especially for those living far away from hospital. The aim of this research is to develop an adjustable corrective device for clubfoot treatment based on the techniques in the Ponseti method and at the same time attempt to eliminate the side-effects. The prototype consists of six adjustable movements from six different mechanisms to correct the four deformities. The prototype was developed using 3D printing method and the main material used is polylactic acid (PLA), rubber, aluminium and cotton fabric with sponge. The total weight of the prototype is around 300 g.
    Matched MeSH terms: Printing, Three-Dimensional
  19. Fulltext Transparent Solar cell using spin coating and screen printing
    Husain, A.A.F., Wan Hasan, W.Z.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(102):225-234.
    MyJurnal
    The development of Transparent Solar Cells (TSC) has become the main focus of solar energy research in recent years. The TSC has a number of applications and make use of unexploited space such as skyscraper windows. In this paper, TSC is fabricated using commercially available titanium dioxide (TiO2) P25 to make a paste, which is deposited on FTO glass using screen printing and spin coating methods. The effects of the thickness of the TiO2 film on transparency are examined. The paste is synthesised in the Cleanroom and used in both methods of deposition. The final cell fabrication is a Dye sensitised solar cell (DSSC). The obtained transparency of the FTO glass is 83%, and after the deposition of TiO2 it is reduced to less than 80%. The overall transparency of the DSSC, which was made using the spin coating method, is 70% with an Isc of 9.5 mA and Voc 853mV.
    Matched MeSH terms: Printing
  20. Fulltext New Approach to 3D Printing of Facial Prostheses Using Combination of Open Source Software and Conventional Techniques: A Case Report
    B Jamayet N, J Abdullah Y, A Rajion Z, Husein A, K Alam M
    Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll., 2017;58(2):117-124.
    PMID: 28724860 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.2016-0021
    The wax sculpting of a maxillofacial prosthesis is challenging, time-consuming, and requires great skill. Rapid prototyping (RP) systems allow these hurdles to be overcome by enabling the creation of a customized 3D model of the desired prosthesis. Geomagic and Mimics are the most suitable software programs with which to design such prostheses. However, due to the high cost of these applications and the special training required to operate them, they are not widely used. Additionally, ill-fitting margins and other discrepancies in the final finished products of RP systems are also inevitable. Therefore, this process makes further treatment planning difficult for the maxillofacial prosthodontist. Here, we report the case of a 62-year-old woman who attended our clinic. Initially, she had presented with a right facial defect. This was later diagnosed as a squamous cell carcinoma and resected. The aim of this report is to describe a new technique for the 3D printing of facial prostheses which involves the combined use of open-source software, an RP system, and conventional methods of fabrication. The 3D design obtained was used to fabricate a maxillofacial prosthesis to restore the defect. The patient was happy with the esthetic outcome. This approach is relatively easy and cheap, does not require a high degree of non-medical training, and is beneficial in terms of clinical outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Printing, Three-Dimensional*
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