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Fulltext Comparison of hydro-distillation, hydro-distillation with enzyme-assisted and supercritical fluid for the extraction of essential oil from pineapple peels

Mohamad N, Ramli N, Abd-Aziz S, Ibrahim MF

3 Biotech, 2019 Jun;9(6):234.
PMID: 31139549 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1767-8

Pineapple peel is a potential feedstock for the extraction of essential oil due to the presence of aromatic compounds. To extract the essential oil from pineapple peels, three different methods were applied, i.e., (1) hydro-distillation (HD); (2) hydro-distillation with enzyme-assisted (HDEA); and (3) supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). SFE had successfully produced an essential oil with the yield of 0.17% (w/w) together with 0.64% (w/w) of concrete, whereby the HD and HDEA had only produced hydrosols with the yield of 70.65% (w/w) and 80.65% (w/w), respectively. Parameters' optimization for HD (substrate to solvent ratio, temperature, and extraction duration) and HDEA (cellulase loading and incubation duration) significantly affected the hydrosol yield, but did not extract out the essential oil. This is because only SFE had successfully ruptured the oil gland after observed under the scanning electron microscope. The essential oil obtained from SFE composed of mainly propanoic acid ethyl ester (40.25%), lactic acid ethyl ester (19.35%), 2-heptanol (15.02%), propanol (8.18%), 3-hexanone (2.60%), and butanoic acid ethyl ester (1.58%). In overall, it can be concluded that the SFE had successfully extracted the essential oil as compared to the HD and HDEA methods.

Matched MeSH terms: Propionates
Protective Effect of Natural Products against Huntington's Disease: An Overview of Scientific Evidence and Understanding Their Mechanism of Action

Lum PT, Sekar M, Gan SH, Bonam SR, Shaikh MF

ACS Chem Neurosci, 2021 Feb 03;12(3):391-418.
PMID: 33475334 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00824

Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disease, normally starts in the prime of adult life, followed by a gradual occurrence of characteristic psychiatric disturbances and cognitive and motor dysfunction. To the best of our knowledge, there is no treatment available to completely mitigate the progression of HD. Among various therapeutic approaches, exhaustive literature reports have confirmed the medicinal benefits of natural products in HD experimental models. Building on this information, this review presents a brief overview of the neuroprotective mechanism(s) of natural products against in vitro/in vivo models of HD. Relevant studies were identified from several scientific databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. After screening through literature from 2005 to the present, a total of 14 medicinal plant species and 30 naturally isolated compounds investigated against HD based on either in vitro or in vivo models were included in the present review. Behavioral outcomes in the HD in vivo model showed that natural compounds significantly attenuated 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced memory loss and motor incoordination. The biochemical alteration has been markedly alleviated with reduced lipid peroxidation, increased endogenous enzymatic antioxidants, reduced acetylcholinesterase activity, and increased mitochondrial energy production. Interestingly, following treatment with certain natural products, 3-NP-induced damage in the striatum was ameliorated, as seen histologically. Overall, natural products afforded varying degrees of neuroprotection in preclinical studies of HD via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, preservation of mitochondrial function, inhibition of apoptosis, and induction of autophagy.

Matched MeSH terms: Propionates
Size selectivity in antibiofilm activity of 3-(diphenylphosphino)propanoic acid coated gold nanomaterials against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans

Ahmed D, Anwar A, Khan AK, Ahmed A, Shah MR, Khan NA

AMB Express, 2017 Nov 21;7(1):210.
PMID: 29164404 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0515-x

Biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria is one of the major threats in hospital related infections, hence inhibiting and eradicating biofilms has become a primary target for developing new anti-infection approaches. The present study was aimed to develop novel antibiofilm agents against two Gram-positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300) and Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) using gold nanomaterials conjugated with 3-(diphenylphosphino)propionic acid (Au-LPa). Gold nanomaterials with different sizes as 2-3 nm small and 9-90 nm (50 nm average size) large were stabilized by LPa via different chemical synthetic strategies. The nanomaterials were fully characterized using atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscope, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. Antibiofilm activity of Au-LPa nanomaterials was tested using LPa alone, Au-LPa and unprotected gold nanomaterials against the both biofilm-producing bacteria. The results showed that LPa alone did not inhibit biofilm formation to a significant extent below 0.025 mM, while conjugation with gold nanomaterials displayed manifold enhanced antibiofilm potential against both strains. Moreover, it was also observed that the antibiofilm potency of the Au-LPa nanomaterials varies with size variations of nanomaterials. AFM analysis of biofilms further complemented the assay results and provided morphological aspects of the antibiofilm action of Au-LPa nanomaterials.

Matched MeSH terms: Propionates
Effects of phenolic monomers on the enzymes activities and volatile fatty acids production of Neocallimastix frontalis B9

Zuhainis Saad W, Abdullah N, Alimon AR, Yin Wan H

Anaerobe, 2008 Apr;14(2):118-22.
PMID: 18083606

The effects of phenolic monomers (i.e. rho-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rho-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin) on the enzymes and fermentation activities of Neocallimastix frontalis B9 grown in ball-milled filter paper and guinea grass media were studied. The enzymes studied were carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), filterpaperase (FPase), xylanase and beta-glucosidase. At 96 h of incubation, N. frontalis grown in ball-milled filter paper medium produced comparable xylanase and CMCase activities (0.41, 0.5 micromol/min/mg protein) while in guinea grass medium, N. frontalis produced higher xylanase activity than that of CMCase activity (2.35, 0.05 micromol/min/mg protein). The other enzymes activities were low. When N. frontalis was grown in ball-milled filter paper medium, only acetic acid was produced. However, when grown in guinea grass medium, the major end-product was acetate, but propionic, butyric and isovaleric were also produced in lesser amount. Vanillin showed the least inhibitory effects to enzyme activities of N. frontalis B9 grown in both ball-milled filter paper and guinea grass media. For total volatile fatty acid production, all phenolic monomers showed inhibitory effects, but rho-coumaric and ferulic acids were the stronger inhibitors than rho-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin.

Matched MeSH terms: Propionates/metabolism
Mode of action of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in enteric methane mitigation in pigs

Gong YL, Liang JB, Jahromi MF, Wu YB, Wright AG, Liao XD

Animal, 2018 Feb;12(2):239-245.
PMID: 28735588 DOI: 10.1017/S1751731117001732

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect and mode of action of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YST2) on enteric methane (CH4) mitigation in pigs. A total of 12 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire male finisher pigs (60±1 kg), housed individually in open-circuit respiration chambers, were randomly assigned to two dietary groups: a basal diet (control); and a basal diet supplemented with 3 g/YST2 (1.8×1010 live cells/g) per kg diet. At the end of 32-day experiment, pigs were sacrificed and redox potential (Eh), pH, volatile fatty acid concentration, densities of methanogens and acetogens, and expression of methyl coenzyme-M reductase subunit A gene were determined in digesta contents from the cecum, colon and rectum. Results showed that S. cerevisiae YST2 decreased (P<0.05) the average daily enteric CH4 production by 25.3%, lowered the pH value from 6.99 to 6.69 in the rectum, and increased the Eh value in cecum and colon by up to -55 mV (P<0.05). Fermentation patterns were also altered by supplementation of YST2 as reflected by the lower acetate, and higher propionate molar proportion in the cecum and colon (P<0.05), resulting in lower acetate : propionate ratio (P<0.05). Moreover, there was a 61% decrease in Methanobrevibacter species in the upper colon (P<0.05) and a 19% increase in the acetogen community in the cecum (P<0.05) of treated pigs. Results of our study concluded that supplementation of S. cerevisiae YST2 at 3 g/kg substantially decreased enteric CH4 production in pigs.

Matched MeSH terms: Propionates/metabolism
Papaya (Carica papaya) leaf methanolic extract modulates in vitro rumen methanogenesis and rumen biohydrogenation

Jafari S, Goh YM, Rajion MA, Jahromi MF, Ahmad YH, Ebrahimi M

Anim Sci J, 2017 Feb;88(2):267-276.
PMID: 27345820 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12634

Papaya leaf methanolic extract (PLE) at concentrations of 0 (CON), 5 (LLE), 10 (MLE) and 15 (HLE) mg/250 mg dry matter (DM) with 30 mL buffered rumen fluid were incubated for 24 h to identify its effect on in vitro ruminal methanogenesis and ruminal biohydrogenation (BH). Total gas production was not affected (P > 0.05) by addition of PLE compared to the CON at 24 h of incubation. Methane (CH4 ) production (mL/250 mg DM) decreased (P

Matched MeSH terms: Propionates/metabolism
Anticancer Evaluation of Novel Quinazolinone Acetamides: Synthesis and Characterization

Hakima F, Salfi R, Bhikshapathi D, Khan A

Anticancer Agents Med Chem, 2021 May 24.
PMID: 34030622 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210524164351

BACKGROUND: According to the global cancer report of 2019, the burden of cancer will exceed more than 18 million becoming one of the major causes of global mortality rate. There is a pressing need to establish novel drug candidates for cancer treatment, though many anticancer agents are available in the market owing to their adverse effects. In recent years, quinazoline and its derivatives have been considered as a novel class of cancer chemotherapeutic agents that show promising activity against different tumors.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the anti-cancer potential of the novel class of quinazoline tethered acetamide derivatives against six different cancer cell lines.
METHOD: A novel series of various substituted quinazolinone acetamides were synthesized through a feasible scheme. The synthetic scheme involves the conversion of benzoxazinone (from anthranilic acid and benzoyl chloride) intermediate to 3-amino quinazoline-4-one which is further converted to the final amide by tethering with the propionyl chloride employing Schotten-Baumann Reaction conditions. All the synthesized derivatives characterized by IR, 1HNMR and MASS spectral methods and anti-cancer activity evaluated by employing MTT assay for six cancer cell lines and one normal human cell line.
RESULTS: All the synthesized compounds were screened for anti-cancer activity against six cancer cell lines, including A 549 (lung), DU 145 (prostate), HT 29 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), SiHA (cervical), B16F10 (mouse skin melanoma) and one normal human fibroblast cell lines. All the compounds displayed a decent cytotoxicity profile when compared with the standard drug, doxorubicin. Among the synthesized compounds (5a to 5n) tested, two compounds, 5f and 5g have demonstrated excellent cytotoxicity against SiHA and MCF-7 cancer cell lines.
CONCLUSION: Comparatively, most of the compounds displayed decent cytotoxicity potential relative to the standard drug, doxorubicin. Further investigations are needed to establish the detailed mechanism of action of the developed novel quinazolinone acetamides.

Matched MeSH terms: Propionates
Effects of different carbon sources on enhanced biological phosphorus removal and "Candidatus Accumulibacter" community composition under continuous aerobic condition

Nittami T, Mukai M, Uematsu K, Yoon LW, Schroeder S, Chua ASM, et al.

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2017 Dec;101(23-24):8607-8619.
PMID: 29063174 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8571-3

Previous studies have shown that enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) performance under continuous aerobic conditions always eventually deteriorates; however, the speed at which this happens depends on the carbon source supplied. The published data suggest that propionate is a better carbon source than acetate is for maintaining operational stability, although it is not clear why. A lab-scale sequencing batch reactor was run initially under conventional anaerobic/aerobic conditions with either acetate or propionate as the carbon source. Chemical and microbiological analyses revealed that both sources performed as expected for such systems. When continuous aerobic conditions were imposed on both these established communities, marked shifts of the "Candidatus Accumulibacter" clades were recorded for both carbon sources. Here, we discuss whether this shift could explain the prolonged EBPR stability observed with propionate.

Matched MeSH terms: Propionates/metabolism
Fulltext Effects of Supplementation of Mulberry (Morus alba) Foliage and Urea-rice Bran as Fermentable Energy and Protein Sources in Sheep Fed Urea-treated Rice Straw Based Diet

Yulistiani D, Jelan ZA, Liang JB, Yaakub H, Abdullah N

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 2015 Apr;28(4):494-501.
PMID: 25656207 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0406

A digestibility study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing mulberry foliage and urea rice-bran as a source of fermentable energy and protein to 12 sheep fed diets based on urea-treated rice straw (TRS). The three dietary treatments were: T1, TRS with mulberry; T2, TRS with 50% mulberry replaced with rice bran and urea; and T3, TRS with rice bran and urea. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications for each treatment. The sheep were fed one of the three diets and the supplements were offered at 1.2% of the body weight (BW) and the TRS was provided ad libitum. There were no differences (p>0.05) among the three treatment groups with respect to dry matter (DM) intake (76.8±4.2 g/kg BW(0.75)) and DM, organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) digestibility (55.3±1.22; 69.9±0.85; 46.3±1.65% respectively for DM, OM, and CP). The digestibility of fiber (neutral detergent fiber [NDF] and acid detergent fiber) was significantly lower (p<0.05) for T3 (46.2 and 46.6 respectively) compared to T1 (55.8 and 53.7 respectively) and T2 (54.1 and 52.8 respectively). Nitrogen (N) intake by sheep on diet T3 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than sheep fed diet T1. However, N balance did not differ among the three diets (3.0±0.32 g/d). In contrast, the rumen ammonia (NH3-N) concentrations in sheep fed T2 and T3 were significantly (p<0.05) higher than in sheep fed T1. The NH3-N concentrations for all three diets were above the critical value required for optimum rumen microbial growth and synthesis. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations were highest (p<0.05) in T1 (120.3 mM), whilst the molar proportion of propionic acid was highest in T3 (36.9%). However, the microbial N supply in sheep fed T1 and T3 was similar but was significantly (p<0.05) higher than for sheep fed T2. It was concluded that mulberry foliage is a potential supplement of fermentable energy and protein for sheep fed TRS based diet. The suggested level of supplementation is 1.2% of BW or 32% of the total diet since it resulted in similar effects on the intake of DM, OM, and NDF, digestibility of DM, OM, and CP, N utilization and microbial supply when compared to rice bran and urea supplementation.

Matched MeSH terms: Propionates
Fulltext Effects of dietary supplementation of leaves and whole plant of Andrographis paniculata on rumen fermentation, fatty acid composition and microbiota in goats

Yusuf AL, Adeyemi KD, Samsudin AA, Goh YM, Alimon AR, Sazili AQ

BMC Vet Res, 2017 Nov 24;13(1):349.
PMID: 29178910 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1223-0

BACKGROUND: The nature and amount of dietary medicinal plants are known to influence rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility in ruminants. Nonetheless, changes in nutrient digestibility and rumen metabolism in response to dietary Andrographis paniculata (AP) in goats are unknown. This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation of leaves and whole plant of AP on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, fatty acids and rumen microbial population in goats. Twenty-four Boer crossbred bucks (4 months old; average body weight of 20.18 ± 0.19 kg) were randomly assigned to three dietary groups of eight goats each. The dietary treatments included a control diet (Basal diet without additive), basal diet +1.5% (w/w) Andrographis paniculata leaf powder (APL) and basal diet +1.5% (w/w) Andrographis paniculata whole plant powder (APW). The trial lasted 100 d following 14 d of adjustment.
RESULTS: The rumen pH and concentration of propionate were greater (P

Matched MeSH terms: Propionates/metabolism
Insights into the stereospecificity of the d-specific dehalogenase from Rhizobium sp. RC1 toward d- and l-2-chloropropionate

Sudi IY, Hamid AA, Shamsir MS, Jamaluddin H, Wahab RA, Huyop F

Biotechnology, biotechnological equipment, 2014 Jul 04;28(4):608-615.
PMID: 26740767

Halogenated compounds are recalcitrant environmental pollutants prevalent in agricultural fields, waste waters and industrial by-products, but they can be degraded by dehalogenase-containing microbes. Notably, 2-haloalkanoic acid dehalogenases are employed to resolve optically active chloropropionates, as exemplified by the d-specific dehalogenase from Rhizobium sp. RCI (DehD), which acts on d-2-chloropropionate but not on its l-enantiomer. The catalytic residues of this dehalogenase responsible for its affinity toward d-2-chloropropionate have not been experimentally determined, although its three-dimensional crystal structure has been solved. For this study, we performed in silico docking and molecular dynamic simulations of complexes formed by this dehalogenase and d- or l-2-chloropropionate. Arg134 of the enzyme plays the key role in the stereospecific binding and Arg16 is in a position that would allow it to activate a water molecule for hydrolytic attack on the d-2-chloropropionate chiral carbon for release of the halide ion to yield l-2-hydroxypropionate. We propose that within the DehD active site, the NH group of Arg134 can form a hydrogen bond with the carboxylate of d-2-chloropropionate with a strength of ∼4 kcal/mol that may act as an acid-base catalyst, whereas, when l-2-chloropropionate is present, this bond cannot be formed. The significance of the present work is vital for rational design of this dehalogenase in order to confirm the involvement of Arg16 and Arg134 residues implicated in hydrolysis and binding of d-2-chloropropionate in the active site of d-specific dehalogenase from Rhizobium sp. RC1.

Matched MeSH terms: Propionates
Interactions of non-natural halogenated substrates with D-specific dehalogenase (DehD) mutants using in silico studies

Sudi IY, Shamsir MS, Jamaluddin H, Wahab RA, Huyop F

Biotechnology, biotechnological equipment, 2014 Sep 03;28(5):949-957.
PMID: 26019583

The D-2-haloacid dehalogenase of D-specific dehalogenase (DehD) from Rhizobium sp. RC1 catalyses the hydrolytic dehalogenation of D-haloalkanoic acids, inverting the substrate-product configuration and thereby forming the corresponding L-hydroxyalkanoic acids. Our investigations were focused on DehD mutants: R134A and Y135A. We examined the possible interactions between these mutants with haloalkanoic acids and characterized the key catalytic residues in the wild-type dehalogenase, to design dehalogenase enzyme(s) with improved potential for dehalogenation of a wider range of substrates. Three natural substrates of wild-type DehD, specifically, monochloroacetate, monobromoacetate and D,L-2,3-dichloropropionate, and eight other non-natural haloalkanoic acids substrates of DehD, namely, L-2-chloropropionate; L-2-bromopropionate; 2,2-dichloropropionate; dichloroacetate; dibromoacetate; trichloroacetate; tribromoacetate; and 3-chloropropionate, were docked into the active site of the DehD mutants R134A and Y135A, which produced altered catalytic functions. The mutants interacted strongly with substrates that wild-type DehD does not interact with or degrade. The interaction was particularly enhanced with 3-chloropropionate, in addition to monobromoacetate, monochloroacetate and D,L-2,3-dichloropropionate. In summary, DehD variants R134A and Y135A demonstrated increased propensity for binding haloalkanoic acid and were non-stereospecific towards halogenated substrates. The improved characteristics in these mutants suggest that their functionality could be further exploited and harnessed in bioremediations and biotechnological applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Propionates
Fulltext Classification of different pineapple varieties grown in Malaysia based on volatile fingerprinting and sensory analysis

Lasekan O, Hussein FK

Chem Cent J, 2018 Dec 19;12(1):140.
PMID: 30569201 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0505-3

BACKGROUND: Pineapple is highly relished for its attractive sweet flavour and it is widely consumed in both fresh and canned forms. Pineapple flavour is a blend of a number of volatile and non-volatile compounds that are present in small amounts and in complex mixtures. The aroma compounds composition may be used for purposes of quality control as well as for authentication and classification of pineapple varieties.
RESULTS: The key volatile compounds and aroma profile of six pineapple varieties grown in Malaysia were investigated by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry and qualitative descriptive sensory analysis. A total of 59 compounds were determined by GC-O and aroma extract dilution analysis. Among these compounds, methyl-2-methylbutanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl-3-(methylthiol)-propanoate, methyl octanoate, 2,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-3(2H)-furanone, δ-octalactone, 2-methoxy-4-vinyl phenol, and δ-undecalactone contributed greatly to the aroma quality of the pineapple varieties, due to their high flavour dilution factor. The aroma of the pineapples was described by seven sensory terms as sweet, floral, fruity, fresh, green, woody and apple-like.
CONCLUSION: Inter-relationship between the aroma-active compounds and the pineapples revealed that 'Moris' and 'MD2' covaried majorly with the fruity esters, and the other varieties correlated with lesser numbers of the fruity esters. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was used to establish similarities among the pineapples and the results revealed three main groups of pineapples.

Matched MeSH terms: Propionates
Fulltext Chemical and antibacterial data of synthesized thioureido derivatives

Kadir MA, Ramli R, Yusof MSM, Ismail N, Ngah N, Haris NSH

Data Brief, 2019 Dec;27:104651.
PMID: 31700958 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104651

This paper provided comprehensive data on spectroscopic and antibacterial activities of thioureido compounds which are relevant with research article entitled "Synthesis, Spectroscopic Studies and Antibacterial Activity of New Lauroyl Thiourea Amino Acid Derivatives" [1]. Based on the reported study, four new thioureido derivatives, namely 3-(3-dodecanoyl-thioureido)propionic acid (R1), 2-(3-dodecanoyl-thioureido)-3-methyl butyric acid (R2), (3-dodecanoyl-thioureido)acetic acid (R3) and 2-(3-dodecanoyl-thioureido)-3-phenyl propionic acid (R4) were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C NMR), and Ultraviolet Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The preliminary results from antibacterial assay which were tested against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium are also described.

Matched MeSH terms: Phenylpropionates; Propionates
A facile enzymatic synthesis of geranyl propionate by physically adsorbed Candida rugosa lipase onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Mohamad NR, Buang NA, Mahat NA, Lok YY, Huyop F, Aboul-Enein HY, et al.

Enzyme Microb Technol, 2015 May;72:49-55.
PMID: 25837507 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.02.007

In view of several disadvantages as well as adverse effects associated with the use of chemical processes for producing esters, alternative techniques such as the utilization of enzymes on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), have been suggested. In this study, the oxidative MWCNTs prepared using a mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4 (1:3 v/v) were used as a supportive material for the immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) through physical adsorption process. The resulting CRL-MWCNTs biocatalysts were utilized for synthesizing geranyl propionate, an important ester for flavoring agent as well as in fragrances. Enzymatic esterification of geraniol with propionic acid was carried out using heptane as a solvent and the efficiency of CRL-MWCNTs as a biocatalyst was compared with the free CRL, considering the incubation time, temperature, molar ratio of acid:alcohol, presence of desiccant as well as its reusability. It was found that the CRL-MWCNTs resulted in a 2-fold improvement in the percentage of conversion of geranyl propionate when compared with the free CRL, demonstrating the highest yield of geranyl propionate at 6h at 55°C, molar ratio acid: alcohol of 1:5 and with the presence of 1.0g desiccant. It was evident that the CRL-MWCNTs biocatalyst could be reused for up to 6 times before a 50% reduction in catalytic efficiency was observed. Hence, it appears that the facile physical adsorption of CRL onto F-MWCNTs has improved the activity and stability of CRL as well as served as an alternative method for the synthesis of geranyl propionate.

Matched MeSH terms: Propionates/metabolism*
Fulltext Adalimumab therapy is associated with increased faecal short chain fatty acids in hidradenitis suppurativa

Tatian A, Bordbar S, Sarkissian S, Woods JA, Cains GD, Chong CW, et al.

Exp Dermatol, 2022 Dec;31(12):1872-1880.
PMID: 36054650 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14665

Altered gut microbiota composition has been observed in individuals with hidradenitis suppurutiva (HS) and many other inflammatory diseases, including obesity, type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Here, we addressed whether adalimumab, a systemic anti-inflammatory therapy, may impact the microbiota biochemical profile, particularly on beneficial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). We conducted an observational single-arm pilot trial to assess gut microbiota composition by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and to detect metabolite signatures by gas chromatography in stool samples from participants with HS prior to and 12 weeks after commencing adalimumab therapy. HS individuals that better responded to adalimumab treatment showed a shift in the composition and function of the gut microbiota with significantly increased SCFA acetate and propionate compared to age, gender and BMI-matched healthy controls. A positive correlation was observed between propionate with Prevotella sp and Faecalibacterium prausnitsii. Increased SCFAs, changes in gut microbiota composition, function and metabolic profile following 12 weeks of adalimumab suggest that targeting SCFAs may be considered a potential biomarker to be evaluated as a complementary protective factor or as a diagnostically relevant signal in HS.

Matched MeSH terms: Propionates/therapeutic use
Determination of propionates and propionic acid in bakery products using gas chromatography

Khaldun M. Al Azzam, Bahruddin, S., Noor Hasani Hashim, Afidah Abdul Rahim, Khairuddin Mohd Talib

International Food Research Journal, 2010;17(4):1107-1112.
MyJurnal

A simple analytical method for the determination of propionic acid and propionates in bakery products using a simple sample preparation procedure is described. The method involves the conversion of propionates to the non-ionized molecular form by adding glacial acetic acid, which is at the same time efficiently extracted into dichloromethane. After vortexing for 1 min, the extract was directly injected into a capillary gas chromatographic column with flame ionization detector. The method was applied for the determination of propionates in 112 commercial bakery samples. The levels of propionic acid plus propionates in bread, cake/ rolls, burger/hot dog buns and pita breads ranged from 197-1273, 98-1846, 546-1932 and 479-1680 µg mL -1 , respectively. No propionate was detected in any of the 36 biscuit samples analyzed.

Matched MeSH terms: Propionates
Prebiotic evaluation of red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) using in vitro colon model

Bajury DM, Rawi MH, Sazali IH, Abdullah A, Sarbini SR

Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2017 Nov;68(7):821-828.
PMID: 28393631 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1309522

Red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) cultivated from Sabah (RSS) and Langkawi (RSL) were digested using in vitro mouth, gastric and duodenal model. The digested seaweed then fermented in a pH-controlled batch culture system inoculated with human faeces to mimic the distal colon. Bacterial enumeration were monitored using fluorescent in situ hybridisation, and the fermentation end products, the short chain fatty acids (SCFA), were analysed using HPLC. Both RSS and RSL showed significant increase of Bifidobacterium sp.; from log10 7.96 at 0 h to log10 8.72 at 24 h, and from log10 7.96 at 0 h to log10 8.60 at 24 h, respectively, and shows no significant difference when compared to the Bifidobacterium sp. count at 24 h of inulin fermentation. Both seaweeds also showed significant increase in total SCFA production, particularly acetate and propionate. Overall, this data suggested that K. alvarezii might have the potential as a prebiotic ingredient.

Matched MeSH terms: Propionates
Fermentation of Metroxylon sagu resistant starch type III by Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium bifidum

Siew-Wai L, Zi-Ni T, Karim AA, Hani NM, Rosma A

J Agric Food Chem, 2010 Feb 24;58(4):2274-8.
PMID: 20121195 DOI: 10.1021/jf903820s

The in vitro fermentability of sago (Metroxylon sagu) resistant starch type III (RS(3)) by selected probiotic bacteria was investigated. Sago RS(3) with 12% RS content was prepared by enzymatic debranching of native sago starch with pullulanase enzyme, followed by autoclaving, cooling, and annealing. The fermentation of sago RS(3) by L. acidophilus FTCC 0291, L. bulgaricus FTCC 0411, L. casei FTCC 0442, and B. bifidum BB12 was investigated by observing the bacterial growth, carbohydrate consumption profiles, pH changes, and total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced in the fermentation media. Comparisons were made with commercial fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), Hi-maize 1043, and Hi-maize 240. Submerged fermentations were conducted in 30 mL glass vials for 24 h at 37 degrees C in an oven without shaking. The results indicated that fermentation of sago RS(3) significantly (P < 0.05) yielded the highest count of Lactobacillus sp. accompanied by the largest reduction in pH of the medium. Sago RS(3) was significantly the most consumed substrate compared to FOS and Hi-maizes.

Matched MeSH terms: Propionates/metabolism
Identification of functional residues essential for dehalogenation by the non-stereospecific α-haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase from Rhizobium sp. RC1

Hamid AA, Hamid TH, Wahab RA, Huyop F

J Basic Microbiol, 2015 Mar;55(3):324-30.
PMID: 25727054 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201570031

The non-stereospecific α-haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase DehE from Rhizobium sp. RC1 catalyzes the removal of the halide from α-haloalkanoic acid D,L-stereoisomers and, by doing so, converts them into hydroxyalkanoic acid L,D-stereoisomers, respectively. DehE has been extensively studied to determine its potential to act as a bioremediation agent, but its structure/function relationship has not been characterized. For this study, we explored the functional relevance of several putative active-site amino acids by site-specific mutagenesis. Ten active-site residues were mutated individually, and the dehalogenase activity of each of the 10 resulting mutants in soluble cell lysates against D- and L-2-chloropropionic acid was assessed. Interestingly, the mutants W34→A,F37→A, and S188→A had diminished activity, suggesting that these residues are functionally relevant. Notably, the D189→N mutant had no activity, which strongly implies that it is a catalytically important residue. Given our data, we propose a dehalogenation mechanism for DehE, which is the same as that suggested for other non-stereospecific α-haloalkanoic acid dehalogenases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report detailing a functional aspect for DehE, and our results could help pave the way for the bioengineering of haloalkanoic acid dehalogenases with improved catalytic properties.

Matched MeSH terms: Propionates/metabolism*

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