Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 41 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Lung injury related to consuming Sauropus androgynus vegetable
    Wu CL, Hsu WH, Chiang CD, Kao CH, Hung DZ, King SL, et al.
    J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol., 1997;35(3):241-8.
    PMID: 9140317 DOI: 10.3109/15563659709001207
    BACKGROUND: Taking Sauropus androgynus, a Malaysian food, to reduce weight began as a fad in Taiwan in 1994. Some advocates of this fad developed pulmonary dysfunction. The aim of this study is to report the lung injury in patients taking Sauropus androgynus.

    METHODS: From July 1995 to November 1995, we investigated 104 nonsmoking patients (one male and 103 females) with chest roentgenography, pulmonary function, test, and Technetium 99m-labeled diethylene triamine penta-acetate (Tc-99m DTPA) radioaerosol inhalation lung scintigraphy.

    RESULTS: Among the 90 patients receiving Tc-99m DTPA inhalation lung scan, 46 (51.1%) patients had increased clearance of Tc-99m DTPA from lung and 20 (22.2%) patients had inhomogeneous deposition of the submicronic radioaerosol. Eighteen (18/100) patients had obstructive ventilatory impairment in pulmonary function test. Analyzing the results, we found that the patients with respiratory symptoms (n = 42) took more vegetables (p = 0.016), had increased clearance of Tc-99m DTPA (p = 0.010) and had lower FEV1 (p = 0.001), FEV1/FVC (p < 0.001), FEF25-75 (p = 0.001), VC (p = 0.002) and DLCO (p = 0.009) than the patients without respiratory symptoms (n = 62). FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were significantly reduced in patients with severe impairment of alveolar permeability. The cumulative dosage and duration of exposure were significantly associated with the reduction of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC.

    CONCLUSION: The lung injury after taking Sauropus androgynus involves alveoli and/or small airways and is manifest as obstructive ventilatory impairment with inhomogeneous aerosol distribution and increased lung epithelial permeability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiopharmaceuticals
  2. Pre-ablative diagnostic whole-body scan following total thyroidectomy for well-differentiated thyroid cancer: is it necessary?
    Teoh CM, Rohaizak M, Chan KY, Jasmi AY, Fuad I
    Asian J Surg, 2005 Apr;28(2):90-6.
    PMID: 15851360
    This study reviewed the incidence of positive pre-ablative diagnostic scan after total thyroidectomy and the efficacy of the current ablative dose. The predictive factors for outcome using a standard ablative dose and postoperative complications of total thyroidectomy were also examined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiopharmaceuticals/therapeutic use
  3. Fulltext Role of scintimammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer
    Das BK, Biswal BM, Bhavaraju M
    Malays J Med Sci, 2006 Jan;13(1):52-7.
    PMID: 22589591 MyJurnal
    X-ray mammography has been the backbone of early detection of breast cancer. Several large scale systematic studies have shown that judicious use of X-ray mammography can indeed save life. However, though reasonably sensitive, X-ray mammography lacks in specificity leading to many unnecessary biopsies. Scintimammography is a relatively new imaging method to demonstrate cancer tissue in the breast. A radiopharmaceutical agent (Tc-99m Sestamibi) is administered intravenously and images of the breast are taken under a Gamma Camera. There is no need for any manipulation like compression of the breast as required to be done during mammography. The radiopharmaceutical accumulates in the breast in the presence of cancer tissue which can easily be seen in the images. The affinity of the cancer tissue to this radiopharmaceutical is up to 9 times in comparison to normal breast tissue. Several multi centric studies with blinded image interpretation have established the sensitivity and specificity of scintimammography to be above 85 and 90 % respectively as compared to 89 and 14 % respectively for X-ray mammography. The positive and negative predictive values of scintimamography are 70 and 83 % as against 49 and 57 % respectively for X-ray mammography. With the increasing availability of Nuclear Medicine facilities it is expected that more and more patients will benefi with the use of this new imaging modality .
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiopharmaceuticals
  4. Fulltext Radionuclide therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma
    Sundram F
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2006 Jul;2(3):e40.
    PMID: 21614248 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.2.3.e40
    Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumour of the hepatocyte. It is a common malignancy worldwide and causes almost half a million deaths annually. Asia is a high risk area. Although surgery (hepatectomy or liver transplantation) is the main form of curative treatment, the majority of patients are not eligible for surgery due to extent of tumour and dysfunction of liver. Radiopharmaceuticals used for transarterial treatment of HCC were Yttrium-90 microspheres, Iodine-131 lipiodol, Rhenium-188 lipiodol, and Holmium-166 Chitosan complex. Yittrium-90 microspheres are glass or resin microspheres of mean sphere diameter of 20 to 30 micrometre. The activity administered was about 4 GBq. Reported response rate was about 20%, and median survival was 54 weeks. On inoperable tumours, reported objective response of I-131 lipiodol was 40 to 70%, and median survival was six to nine months. It showed efficacy similar to TACE. In adjuvant treatment following curative resection of HCC, reported three year survival was 86% compared with 46% for the control group. The administered activity in both adjuvant and inoperable HCC was about 2 GBq (55 mCi). Rhenium-188 lipiodol is a new radioconjugate, and using it we treated 70 patients with inoperable HCC. This treatment was a part of a multi-centre trial sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency. Partial response was obtained in 17% of cases, while 49% had stable disease at three months, and 34% showed disease progression. In terms of survival, 19% survived one year, 60% for six months, and 90% for three months. The mean activity was about 4.6 GBq (124 mCi). This method was safe and free from adverse effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiopharmaceuticals
  5. Fulltext Determination of radiation dose received by the thyroid and gonads during PET-CT. [Penilaian dos sinaran ke atas gonad dan tiroid semasa prosedur PET-CT]
    Rukiah A. Latiff, Akmal Sabaruddin, Norfadilah Mat Nor
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2012;10(2):37-42.
    MyJurnal
    Thyroid and gonads are radiosensitive organs which requires radiation shield to reduce the dose received. However,
    radiation shielding is not widely used in radionuclide imaging because it is heavy, uncomfortable and can cause pain
    in the spine. Therefore, a research was carried out to determine the ability of thyroid and gonad radiation shield
    which is thinner and lighter in reducing radiation dose. A study was conducted in Hospital Putrajaya to determine
    the radiation dose received by the thyroid and gonads during a complete Positron Emission Tomography-Computed
    Tomography (PET-CT) procedure with and without radiation shield. A total of six male staffs have been chosen as subject
    and data from 33 complete PET-CT procedures have been collected. For every PET-CT procedure, the subject’s thyroid
    and gonad were shielded using 0.5-mm thick radiation shielded, model Mavig 615 (USA) and Shielding International
    (USA) respectively. Thermal luminescent dosimeter (TLD) chips were used as radiation dose detector. The average 18FFDG radioactivity administered to the patient was 387 MBq and the average scan time is 9.224 ± 1.797 minutes. The
    results showed that the mean equivalent dose received by the thyroid with and without shielding were 0.080 ± 0.033
    mSv and 0.078 ± 0.039 mSv respectively. The mean equivalent dose received by gonad with and without shielding
    were 0.059 ± 0.040 mSv and 0.061 ± 0.030 mSv respectively. Radiation shield with 0.5 mm thickness is unable to
    reduce radiation dose received by the thyroid (p = 0.76) and gonads (p = 0.79) because it is too thin to resist the
    high-energy radiation during PET-CT procedures. Thyroid receive higher radiation dose of 0.016 m Sv compared to
    the gonads (p < 0.05) because the thyroid’s position is more exposed to radiation sources which are 18F-FDG during
    radiopharmaceutical preparation and patients after administered with 18F-FDG during PET-CT procedure.
    Keywords: equivalent dose, radiation shield, TLD
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiopharmaceuticals
  6. Fulltext An improved in-house method for the determination of 241am in surface sediment within the exclusive economic zone of east coast peninsular Malaysia
    Wo, Yii Mei, Hidayah Shahar, Zaharudin Ahmad
    Jurnal Sains Nuklear Malaysia, 2013;25(2):30-39.
    MyJurnal
    Present of 241Am in the environment is being determined as part of surveillance and research
    programs related to nuclear activities. The separation of 241Am from environmental samples was
    carried out against the IAEA’s reference material by using an improved in-house radiochemical
    separation method through anion exchange column, followed by the electro-deposition on a
    stainless steel disc, and finally assayed on alpha spectrometry counting system. The resulting
    spectra showed good isolated peak, indicating a good separation of the radionuclide of interest.
    The analytical results were in good agreement with the certified value for IAEA-326 and IAEA-368
    with the calculated U-score was 0.36 and 0.82, respectively, showing no significant difference
    between the experimental and certified value. Using this method, distributions of 241Am in seabed
    surface sediment in the Exclusive Economic Zone of East Coast Peninsular Malaysia were studied.
    Samples were collected during June 2008 where the concentrations of 241Am were found to be
    ranged from < 0.08 to 0.36 Bq/kg, dry weight.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiopharmaceuticals
  7. Localization and prediction of malignant potential in recurrent pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PCC/PGL) using 18F-FDG PET/CT
    Fikri AS, Kroiss A, Ahmad AZ, Zanariah H, Lau WF, Uprimny C, et al.
    Acta Radiol, 2014 Jun;55(5):631-40.
    PMID: 24037430 DOI: 10.1177/0284185113504330
    To our knowledge, data are lacking on the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the localization and prediction of neuroendocrine tumors, in particular the pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PCC/PGL) group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiopharmaceuticals
  8. Fulltext Thyroid papillary carcinoma in a 'hot' thyroid nodule
    Kuan YC, Tan FH
    QJM, 2014 Jun;107(6):475-6.
    PMID: 24106316 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hct204
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiopharmaceuticals
  9. Fulltext Therapeutic radionuclides in nuclear medicine: current and future prospects
    Yeong CH, Cheng MH, Ng KH
    J Zhejiang Univ Sci B, 2014 Oct;15(10):845-63.
    PMID: 25294374 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B1400131
    The potential use of radionuclides in therapy has been recognized for many decades. A number of radionuclides, such as iodine-131 ((131)I), phosphorous-32 ((32)P), strontium-90 ((90)Sr), and yttrium-90 ((90)Y), have been used successfully for the treatment of many benign and malignant disorders. Recently, the rapid growth of this branch of nuclear medicine has been stimulated by the introduction of a number of new radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals for the treatment of metastatic bone pain and neuroendocrine and other malignant or non-malignant tumours. Today, the field of radionuclide therapy is enjoying an exciting phase and is poised for greater growth and development in the coming years. For example, in Asia, the high prevalence of thyroid and liver diseases has prompted many novel developments and clinical trials using targeted radionuclide therapy. This paper reviews the characteristics and clinical applications of the commonly available therapeutic radionuclides, as well as the problems and issues involved in translating novel radionuclides into clinical therapies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiopharmaceuticals/chemical synthesis; Radiopharmaceuticals/therapeutic use
  10. Internal radiation dosimetry of orally administered radiotracers for the assessment of gastrointestinal motility
    Yeong CH, Ng KH, Abdullah BJJ, Chung LY, Goh KL, Perkins AC
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2014 Dec;94:216-220.
    PMID: 25222875 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.08.009
    Radionuclide imaging using (111)In, (99m)Tc and (153)Sm is commonly undertaken for the clinical investigation of gastric emptying, intestinal motility and whole gut transit. However the documented evidence concerning internal radiation dosimetry for such studies is not readily available. This communication documents the internal radiation dosimetry for whole gastrointestinal transit studies using (111)In, (99m)Tc and (153)Sm labeled formulations. The findings were compared to the diagnostic reference levels recommended by the United Kingdom Administration of Radioactive Substances Advisory Committee, for gastrointestinal transit studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage; Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics*
  11. Multinuclear MR and multilevel data processing: an insight into morphologic assessment of in vivo knee articular cartilage
    Hani AF, Kumar D, Malik AS, Walter N, Razak R, Kiflie A
    Acad Radiol, 2015 Jan;22(1):93-104.
    PMID: 25481518 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2014.08.008
    Quantitative assessment of knee articular cartilage (AC) morphology using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging requires an accurate segmentation and 3D reconstruction. However, automatic AC segmentation and 3D reconstruction from hydrogen-based MR images alone is challenging because of inhomogeneous intensities, shape irregularity, and low contrast existing in the cartilage region. Thus, the objective of this research was to provide an insight into morphologic assessment of AC using multilevel data processing of multinuclear ((23)Na and (1)H) MR knee images.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics
  12. 18F-FDG PET/CT as a potential predictor of survival in patient with oesophageal cancer: a preliminary result
    Fathinul Fikri AS, Dharmendran R, Vikneswaran P, Nordin AJ
    Abdom Imaging, 2015 Aug;40(6):1457-64.
    PMID: 25576048 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-014-0343-2
    A study was undertaken to investigate the value of pretreatment PET-CT in predicting survival in patients with oesophageal cancer (OC).
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiopharmaceuticals
  13. Fulltext Impacts of biological and procedural factors on semiquantification uptake value of liver in fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging
    Mahmud MH, Nordin AJ, Ahmad Saad FF, Azman AZ
    Quant Imaging Med Surg, 2015 Oct;5(5):700-7.
    PMID: 26682140 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2015.05.02
    Increased metabolic activity of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in tissue is not only resulting of pathological uptake, but due to physiological uptake as well. This study aimed to determine the impacts of biological and procedural factors on FDG uptake of liver in whole body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiopharmaceuticals
  14. Unusual Bone Superscan, MIBG Superscan, and 68Ga DOTATATE PET/CT in Metastatic Pheochromocytoma
    Tan TH, Wong TH, Hassan SZ, Lee BN
    Clin Nucl Med, 2015 Nov;40(11):867-8.
    PMID: 26252329 DOI: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000000920
    A 17-year-old adolescent boy with biochemically raised 2-hour urinary metanephrine and normetanephrine as well as CT findings of retroperitoneal soft tissue mass and bony metastases was referred for further assessment. Apart from Ga DOTATATE PET/CT evaluation, pretargeted systemic radionuclide therapy assessment with I-MIBG scintigraphy showed unusual phenomenon of MIBG superscan. Postsurgically, restaging Tc-MDP bone scintigraphy showed typical bone superscan features. The MIBG superscan was better delineated on post-I-MIBG therapy images.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiopharmaceuticals
  15. Improving the (18)F-fluoromethylcholine ((18)F-FCH) radiochemical yield via optimising the azeotropic drying of non-carrier-added (18)F-fluorine
    Hassan H, Abu Bakar S, Halim KN, Idris J, Ahmad Saad FF, Nordin AJ
    J Labelled Comp Radiopharm, 2015 Sep-Oct;58(11-12):458-9.
    PMID: 26395258 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3347
    (18)F-Fluoromethylcholine ((18)F-FCH) has been suggested as one of the reputable imaging tracers for diagnosis of prostate tumour in PET/CT examination. Nevertheless, it has never been synthesised in Malaysia. We acknowledged the major problem with (18)F-FCH is due to its relatively low radiochemical yield at the end of synthesis (EOS). Therefore, this technical note presents improved (18)F-FCH radiochemical yields after carrying out optimisation on azeotropic drying of non-carrier-added (18)F-Fluorine.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiopharmaceuticals
  16. Fulltext Unusual mediastinal lymph node uptake and peritoneopleural fistula demonstrated on Technetium-99m macro-aggregated human serum albumin (Tc-99m MAA) peritoneal scintigraphy in a patient with portal hypertension
    Tan CJ, Thang SP, Lam WW
    Med J Malaysia, 2016 04;71(2):69-71.
    PMID: 27326945
    Peritoneal radionuclide scan is an established imaging modality for evaluating peritoneopleural communications. In this case report, unusual mediastinal lymph node radiotracer uptake is seen in a patient with portal hypertension on peritoneal scintigraphy. This was suspected to be due to marked lymphatic enlargement from longstanding portal hypertension since childhood, permitting passage of the large Tc-99m MAA particle. The nodes were morphologically benign on CT. Mediastinal lymph node uptake on peritoneal scintigraphy is rare but should not raise undue clinical concern, particularly in a patient with chronic portal hypertension. Anatomic correlation with SPECT-CT can provide reassurance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiopharmaceuticals
  17. Fulltext PET/CT in nononcological lung diseases: current applications and future perspectives
    Capitanio S, Nordin AJ, Noraini AR, Rossetti C
    Eur Respir Rev, 2016 Sep;25(141):247-58.
    PMID: 27581824 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0051-2016
    Positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT) is an established diagnostic modality that has become an essential imaging tool in oncological practice. However, thanks to its noninvasive nature and its capability to provide physiological information, the main applications of this technique have significantly expanded.(18)F-labelled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is the most commonly used radiopharmaceutical for PET scanning and demonstrates metabolic activity in various tissues. Since activated inflammatory cells, like malignant cells, predominantly metabolise glucose as a source of energy and increase expression of glucose transporters when activated, FDG-PET/CT can be successfully used to detect and monitor a variety of lung diseases, such as infections and several inflammatory conditions.The added value of FDG-PET/CT as a molecular imaging technique relies on its capability to identify disease in very early stages, long before the appearance of structural changes detectable by conventional imaging. Furthermore, by detecting the active phase of infectious or inflammatory processes, disease progression and treatment efficacy can be monitored.This review will focus on the clinical use of FDG-PET/CT in nonmalignant pulmonary diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage
  18. A pioneer experience in Malaysia on In-house Radio-labelling of (131)I-rituximab in the treatment of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and a case report of high dose (131)I-rituximab-BEAM conditioning autologous transplant
    Kuan JW, Law CS, Wong XQ, Ko CT, Awang ZH, Chew LP, et al.
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2016 Oct;116:13-21.
    PMID: 27472826 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.07.016
    Radioimmunotherapy is an established treatment modality in Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The only two commercially available radioimmunotherapies - (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan is expensive and (131)I-tositumomab has been discontinued from commercial production. In resource limited environment, self-labelling (131)I-rituximab might be the only viable practical option. We reported our pioneer experience in Malaysia on self-labelling (131)I-rituximab, substituting autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and a patient, the first reported case, received high dose (131)I-rituximab (6000MBq/163mCi) combined with BEAM conditioning for autologous HSCT.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiopharmaceuticals
  19. Laparoscopic Management of Dialysate Leakage Secondary to Necrotic Peritoneum
    Huang CK, Wang HH, Nor Hanipah Z
    J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 2016 Nov;26(11):921-924.
    PMID: 27560500
    Peritoneal dialysate leakage is a well-known complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). In late leakage, it is usually managed conservatively and subsequently converted to hemodialysis. We hereby report a case of peritoneal dialysate leakage secondary to necrotic peritoneum, which was managed by laparoscopic excision of the affected peritoneum. Regeneration of new peritoneum was documented and the patient could resume CAPD successfully.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiopharmaceuticals
  20. Convenient and Efficient Method for Quality Control Analysis of 18F-Fluorocholine: For a Small Scale GMP-based Radiopharmaceuticals Laboratory Set-up
    Hassan H, Abu Bakar S, Halim KN, Idris J, Nordin AJ
    Curr Radiopharm, 2016;9(2):128-36.
    PMID: 26013570
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Prostate cancer continues to be the most prevalent cancer in men in Malaysia. As time progresses, the prospect of PET imaging modality in diagnosis of prostate cancer is promising, with on-going improvement on novel tracers. Among all tracers, 18F-Fluorocholine is reported to be a reputable tracer and reliable diagnostic technique for prostate imaging. Nonetheless, only 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) is available and used in most oncology cases in Malaysia. With a small scale GMP-based radiopharmaceuticals laboratory set-up, initial efforts have been taken to put Malaysia on 18F-Fluorocholine map. This article presents a convenient, efficient and reliable method for quality control analysis of 18F-Fluorocholine. Besides, the aim of this research work is to assist local GMP radiopharmaceuticals laboratories and local authority in Malaysia for quality control analysis of 18F-Fluorocholine guideline.

    METHODS: In this study, prior to synthesis, quality control analysis method for 18F-Fluorocholine was developed and validated, by adapting the equipment set-up used in 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18FFDG) routine production. Quality control on the 18F-Fluorocholine was performed by means of pH, radionuclidic identity, radio-high performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultraviolet, radio- thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography and filter integrity test.

    RESULTS: Post-synthesis; the pH of 18F-Fluorocholine was 6.42 ± 0.04, with half-life of 109.5 minutes (n = 12). The radiochemical purity was consistently higher than 99%, both in radio-high performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultraviolet (r-HPLC; SCX column, 0.25 M NaH2PO4: acetonitrile) and radio-thin layer chromatography method (r-TLC). The calculated relative retention time (RRT) in r-HPLC was 1.02, whereas the retention factor (Rf) in r-TLC was 0.64. Potential impurities from 18F-Fluorocholine synthesis such as ethanol, acetonitrile, dimethylethanolamine and dibromomethane were determined in gas chromatography. Using our parameters, (capillary column: DB-200, 30 m x 0.53 mm x 1 um) and oven temperature of 35°C (isothermal), all compounds were well resolved and eluted within 3 minutes. Level of ethanol and acetonitrile in 18F-Fluorocholine were detected below threshold limit; less than 5 mg/ml and 0.41 mg/ml respectively. Meanwhile, dimethylethanolamine and dibromomethane were undetectable.

    CONCLUSION: A convenient, efficient and reliable quality control analysis work-up procedure for 18FFluorocholine has been established and validated to comply all the release criteria. The convenient method of quality control analysis may provide a guideline to local GMP radiopharmaceutical laboratories to start producing 18F-Fluorocholine as a tracer for prostate cancer imaging.

    Matched MeSH terms: Radiopharmaceuticals/chemical synthesis*; Radiopharmaceuticals/chemistry
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links