MyMedR

Five cases of generalized peritonitis secondary to perforating lesions of the gastro-intestinal tract were benefited by treatment with aureomycin. Four of these received the drug postoperatively: the fifth recovered withoLut surgical intervention.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract

Abstracts of Gastroenterology in Asia Pacific - Excellence in the New Decade. September 19-22, 2010. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2010 Sep;25 Suppl 2:A1-188.

PMID: 21182654 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06462.x

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract*

Design and optimization of a probiotic tablet for gastrointestinal tolerance by a simplex-centroid mixture

Azhar MA, Munaim MSA

Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2021 Feb;47(2):189-196.

PMID: 33290104 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1862176

In this study, a simplex-centroid mixture design using design of experiment (DOE) software was implemented to evaluate the effect of biopolymers as excipients, which are hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and alginate, on the gastrointestinal tolerance of probiotic tablet containing Saccharomyces boulardii. Microbial viability and dissolution time were used to evaluate the ideal formulation made using 39.01% carboxymethylcellulose and 60.99% alginate as excipients, which protected the probiotics from the acidic condition in the stomach with good dissolution time. The formulated probiotic tablet is more stable in terms of viability when stored at 4 °C compared to room temperature. However, the viability remains above 106 CFU/tablet after six months of storage at room temperature. This study shows that the simplex-centroid mixture design is valid and can be used to formulate probiotic tablets that possess gastrointestinal tolerance. This study can lead to the development of commercial production of probiotic yeast tablets with gastrointestinal tolerance.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract/physiology

Clinical features and management of COVID-19: A systematic review

Daha SK, Koirala B, Chapagain D, Lohani P, Acharya S, Sharma P

Trop Biomed, 2020 Jun 01;37(2):409-420.

PMID: 33612810

Novel coronavirus disease, the latest world pandemic is one of the most contagious viral infections to date. There has been a lack of uniformity on recognizing this condition clinically because of poorly understood pathophysiology and clinical nature. Also due to ongoing clinical trials, its management is also varied. This is a systematic review from evidence-based studies until March 1st, 2020, covering an update on its clinical features and management. This study shows the multisystem involvement of COVID-19 with dominant respiratory features followed by the musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal system and others. The clinical features varied from asymptomatic to severe forms. Major causes of fatality were acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, acute cardiac injury, acute kidney injury, rhabdomyolysis, and arrhythmia. Major modalities of management included supportive, antiviral and antibiotic therapy. There was no direct relationship between the specific treatment and the outcome.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract/physiopathology; Gastrointestinal Tract/virology

Diet and internal physiological changes of female orange mud crabs, Scylla olivacea (Herbst, 1796) in different ovarian maturation stages

Hidir A, Aaqillah-Amr MA, Noordiyana MN, Ikhwanuddin M

Anim. Reprod. Sci., 2018 Aug;195:216-229.

PMID: 29861342 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.05.026

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the ovarian maturation of mud crabs, genus Scylla. Studies regarding the factors that affect ovarian maturation in mud crabs, however, are still lacking. This study, therefore, evaluates the relationship between diet and internal physiological changes of female orange mud crabs, Scylla olivacea. Sixty female adult S. olivacea were sampled from Setiu Wetland, Malaysia. Foreguts were sampled to study fullness and content. The hepatopancreas was sampled to study digestive enzyme activity, biochemical composition, and histology. Ovaries were sampled to study ovarian biochemical composition and histology. Foregut fullness data suggest that there is an increase in feeding with advancing ovarian maturation in mud crabs. Data for foregut contents indicated that when the ovary was in Stage 3 of maturation the diet was animal-based. The activity of amylase, cellulase, lipase, and trypsin during Stages 1 and 4 of ovarian maturation were less than during Stage 3 of ovarian maturation. Biochemical composition (protein and lipid) was greater during Stage 3 of ovarian maturation. Histological analysis of the hepatopancreas indicated an increase in hepatopancreas tubules, B and R cells during Stage 3 as compared with Stage 1 of ovarian maturation. Histological analysis of the ovary indicated increases in oocyte diameter due to concentrated large yolk globules. Based on these results, it is concluded that vitellogenesis mainly occurred during Stage 3 of ovarian maturation, based on evidence of increased feeding with the diet being predominantly animal-based. Likewise, digestive enzyme activities, proteins, lipids, B cells, and R cells were all greater during Stage 3 of ovarian maturation.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract/enzymology; Gastrointestinal Tract/physiology

Fulltext Crocodylus porosus Gut Bacteria: A Possible Source of Novel Metabolites

Khan NA, Soopramanien M, Maciver SK, Anuar TS, Sagathevan K, Siddiqui R

Molecules, 2021 Aug 18;26(16).

PMID: 34443585 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164999

Crocodiles are remarkable animals that have the ability to endure extremely harsh conditions and can survive up to a 100 years while being exposed to noxious agents that are detrimental to Homo sapiens. Besides their immunity, we postulate that the microbial gut flora of crocodiles may produce substances with protective effects. In this study, we isolated and characterized selected bacteria colonizing the gastrointestinal tract of Crocodylusporosus and demonstrated their inhibitory effects against three different cancerous cell lineages. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, several molecules were identified. For the first time, we report partial analyses of crocodile's gut bacterial molecules.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology

Encapsulation of probiotic bacteria using polyelectrolytes stabilized nanoliposomes for improved viability under hostile conditions

Adeel M, Afzaal M, Saeed F, Ahmed A, Mahmood K, Abbas Shah Y, et al.

J Food Sci, 2023 Sep;88(9):3839-3848.

PMID: 37530623 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16709

Probiotics viability and stability is a core challenge for the food processing industry. To prolong the viability of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus), gelatin (GE)-chitosan (CH) polyelectrolytes-coated nanoliposomes were developed and characterized. The average particle size of the nanoliposomes was in the range of 131.7-431.6 nm. The mean zeta potential value of the nanoliposomes differed significantly from -42.2 to -9.1 mV. Scanning electron micrographs indicated that the nanoliposomes were well distributed and had a spherical shape with a smooth surface. The Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed that the GE-CH polyelectrolyte coating has been effectively applied on the surface of nanoliposomes and L. acidophilus cells were successfully encapsulated in the lipid-based nanocarriers. X-ray diffraction results indicated that nanoliposomes are semicrystalline and GE-CH polyelectrolyte coating had an influence on the crystalline nature of nanoliposomes. Moreover, the coating of L. acidophilus-loaded nanoliposomes with GE-CH polyelectrolytes significantly improved its viability when exposed to simulated gastrointestinal environments. The findings of the current study indicated that polyelectrolyte-coated nanoliposomes could be used as an effective carrier for the delivery of probiotics and their application to food matrix for manufacturing functional foods.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology

Fulltext In Vitro Properties Analysis of Potential Probiotic of Isolated Lactic Acid Bacteria from Milk By-Product

Roslina Jawan, Sahar Abbasiliasi, Shuhaimi Mustafa, Murni Halim, Arbakariya Ariff

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018;12(101):61-62.

MyJurnal

Probiotics are live, microbial cells with several beneficial health effects on humans. The beneficial effect of probiotics mainly depends on their survival in the gastrointestinal tract. The health-promoting properties of certain LAB inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract encouraged the food industry to develop new functional food products containing probiotic. Selection of a microbial strain for the incorporation into food products requires both in vitro and in vivo evaluations

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract

Detection of abnormality in wireless capsule endoscopy images using fractal features

Jain S, Seal A, Ojha A, Krejcar O, Bureš J, Tachecí I, et al.

Comput Biol Med, 2020 12;127:104094.

PMID: 33152668 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104094

One of the most recent non-invasive technologies to examine the gastrointestinal tract is wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE). As there are thousands of endoscopic images in an 8-15 h long video, an evaluator has to pay constant attention for a relatively long time (60-120 min). Therefore the possibility of the presence of pathological findings in a few images (displayed for evaluation for a few seconds only) brings a significant risk of missing the pathology with all negative consequences for the patient. Hence, manually reviewing a video to identify abnormal images is not only a tedious and time consuming task that overwhelms human attention but also is error prone. In this paper, a method is proposed for the automatic detection of abnormal WCE images. The differential box counting method is used for the extraction of fractal dimension (FD) of WCE images and the random forest based ensemble classifier is used for the identification of abnormal frames. The FD is a well-known technique for extraction of features related to texture, smoothness, and roughness. In this paper, FDs are extracted from pixel-blocks of WCE images and are fed to the classifier for identification of images with abnormalities. To determine a suitable pixel block size for FD feature extraction, various sizes of blocks are considered and are fed into six frequently used classifiers separately, and the block size of 7×7 giving the best performance is empirically determined. Further, the selection of the random forest ensemble classifier is also done using the same empirical study. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated on two datasets containing WCE frames. Results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms some of the state-of-the-art methods with AUC of 85% and 99% on Dataset-I and Dataset-II respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract

World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines: Diet and the Gut

Makharia G, Gibson PR, Bai JC, Karakan T, Lee YY, Collins L, et al.

J Clin Gastroenterol, 2022 Jan 01;56(1):1-15.

PMID: 34860201 DOI: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001588

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract

Visible-light-driven photocatalytic dual-layer hollow fibre membrane ameliorates the changes of bisphenol A exposure in gastrointestinal tract

Kamaludin R, Othman MHD, Kadir SHSA, Khan J, Ismail AF, Rahman MA, et al.

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Jan;30(1):259-273.

PMID: 35902521 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22121-w

Various treatments of choice are available to overcome contamination of bisphenol A (BPA) in the environment including membrane technologies; however, the treatment still releases contaminants that threaten the human being. Therefore, the present study is conducted to investigate the degradation of BPA by recently developed visible-light-driven photocatalytic nitrogen-doping titanium dioxide (N-doped TiO2) dual-layer hollow fibre (DLHF) membrane and its efficiency in reducing the level of BPA in contaminated water. Fabricated with suitable polymer/photocatalyst (15/7.5 wt.%) via co-extrusion spinning method, the DLHF was characterized morphologically, evaluated for BPA degradation by using submerged photocatalytic membrane reactor under visible light irradiations followed by the investigation of intermediates formed. BPA exposure effects were accessed by immunohistochemistry staining of gastrointestinal sample obtained from animal model. BPA has been successfully degraded up to 72.5% with 2 intermediate products, B1 and B2, being identified followed by total degradation of BPA. BPA exposure leads to the high-intensity IHC staining of Claudin family which indicated the disruption of small intestinal barrier (SIB) integrity. Low IHC staining intensity of Claudin family in treated BPA group demonstrated that reducing the level of BPA by N-doped TiO2 DLHF is capable of protecting the important component of SIB. Altogether, the fabricated photocatalytic DLHF membrane is expected to have an outstanding potential in removing BPA and its health effect for household water treatment to fulfil the public focus on the safety of their household water and their need to consume clean water.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract

Fulltext Impacts of tilapia aquaculture on native fish diversity at an ecologically important reservoir

Abd Hamid M, Md Sah ASR, Idris I, Mohd Nor SA, Mansor M

PeerJ, 2023;11:e15986.

PMID: 38144186 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15986

BACKGROUND: The Temengor Reservoir is the second largest reservoir in Peninsular Malaysia. Located in the northwestern state of Perak, it was selected to develop a large-scale tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) aquaculture facility within the Aquaculture Industrial Zone (AIZ) in 2008 due to its favourable environmental conditions. No record of tilapia has ever been reported in the natural waters prior to this. However, a post-establishment study recorded tilapia sightings in the natural waters of this lake. The cultured tilapia was easily recognizable with the elongated mouth and body, and long caudal fin. It is postulated that these were escapees from the floating cages that had invaded the natural waters and would negatively impact the native fish species. To test our hypothesis, we investigated the impact of the aquaculture facility on native fish diversity through a spatial design.

METHODS: The study was focused on assessing the impact of tilapia culture at sites nearer to the AIZ vs more distant sites, the former with a greater likelihood of receiving escapees. Two major sites were chosen; within 5 km (near-cage) and within 5-15 km (far-cage) radii from the AIZ. Fish sampling was conducted using multiple mesh sizes of gill nets (3.7, 5.1, 6.5, 7.6, and 10.2 cm) deployed at the littoral zone of the sampling points. Species diversity, abundance, dietary habits, and habitat preference were investigated.

RESULTS: The CPUE (individual/hour) of native fish species at the far-cage site of the AIZ Reservoir was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that at the near-cage site. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on diet and habitat preferences showed that the tilapia, O. niloticus had almost overlapping diet resources and habitat with native fish species.

CONCLUSION: We conclude that there is a correlation between the reduced catches of native species (based on CPUE) and the high presence of tilapia. Thus, appropriate actions must be implemented for strategic and effective planning in terms of native fish conservation.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract

Fulltext Exploiting the phenomenal anti-ulcerogenic potential of Talinum portulacifolium ethanolic extract whole plant on Albino Rats: The therapeutic potential of Chinese Herb-mǎ chǐ xiàn kē (Portulacaceae)

Gundamaraju R, Maheedhar K, Hwi KK

Pharmacognosy Res, 2014 Jul;6(3):227-33.

PMID: 25002803 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.132600

Ulcerations have been effecting humans and causing major damage in the gastro intestinal tract. A need for development of a flawless anti-ulcer medication was always in the agenda. Thus, the need to conduct a study was provoked.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract

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