Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 59 in total

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  1. Fulltext A Kinetic Approach of DPPH Free Radical Assay of Ferulate-Based Protic Ionic Liquids (PILs)
    Ahmad NA, Jumbri K, Ramli A, Abd Ghani N, Ahmad H, Lim JW
    Molecules, 2018 Dec 05;23(12).
    PMID: 30563037 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123201
    The antiradical efficiency (AE) and kinetic behavior of a new ferulate-based protic ionic liquids (PILs) were described using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay. The reduction of the DPPH free radical (DPPH•) was investigated by measuring the decrease in absorbance at 517 nm. The time to reach steady state for the reaction of parent acid (ferulic acid) and synthesized PILs with DPPH• was continuously recorded for 1 h. Results revealed that the AE of 2-butylaminoethanol ferulate (2BAEF), 3-dimethylaminopropanol ferulate (3DMAPF) and 3-diethylaminopropanol ferulate (3DEAPF) PILs have improved compared to ferulic acid (FA) as the reaction class changes from low to medium. This attributed to the strong hydrogen abstraction occurred in the PILs. Furthermore, these PILs were found to have a good kinetic behavior compared to FA due to the high rate constant (k₂) (164.17, 242.84 and 244.73 M-1 s-1, respectively). The alkyl chain length and more alkyl substituents on the nitrogen atom of cation were believed to reduce the cation-anion interaction and speed up the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and electron transfer (ET) mechanisms; hence, increased rate constant was observed leading to a strong antioxidant activity of the synthesized PILs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ionic Liquids/chemistry*
  2. Fulltext A Sustainable Approach to the Stereoselective Synthesis of Diazaheptacyclic Cage Systems Based on a Multicomponent Strategy in an Ionic Liquid
    Suresh Kumar R, Almansour AI, Arumugam N, Altaf M, Menéndez JC, Kumar RR, et al.
    Molecules, 2016 Jan 29;21(2):165.
    PMID: 26840282 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020165
    The microwave-assisted three-component reactions of 3,5-bis(E)-arylmethylidene]tetrahydro-4(1H)-pyridinones, acenaphthenequinone and cyclic α-amino acids in an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, occurred through a domino sequence affording structurally intriguing diazaheptacyclic cage-like compounds in excellent yields.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ionic Liquids/chemistry*
  3. A comparative study of experimental optimization and response surface optimization of Cr removal by emulsion ionic liquid membrane
    Goyal RK, Jayakumar NS, Hashim MA
    J Hazard Mater, 2011 Nov 15;195:383-90.
    PMID: 21920664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.08.056
    A comparative study on the optimization of process parameters of an emulsion ionic liquid membrane (EILM) by experimental work and response surface methodology (RSM) has been carried out. EILM was prepared by using kerosene as solvent, Span 80 as surfactant, NaOH as internal reagent, a hydrophobic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMIM](+)[NTf(2)](-)) as a stabilizer and a second ionic liquid tri-n-octylmethylammonium chloride (TOMAC) as a carrier. The prepared EILM was used to separate and concentrate Cr from wastewaters. The comparison between the experimentally optimized and the RSM optimized values was accomplished by optimizing the following parameters: homogenization speed, carrier concentration, internal phase concentration, agitation speed, treat ratio, internal to membrane phase ratio, surfactant concentration and pH of the feed phase. The comparison showed that all the values were in good agreement except for the internal phase concentration and the treat ratio. It was observed that the stability provided by [BMIM](+)[NTf(2)](-) decreased as the extraction progressed due to its high density. Nevertheless, a good stability could be obtained by the combination of [BMIM](+)[NTf(2)](-) and Span 80 during extraction process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ionic Liquids/chemistry*
  4. A facile approach to prepare regenerated cellulose/graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposite using room-temperature ionic liquid
    Mahmoudian S, Wahit MU, Imran M, Ismail AF, Balakrishnan H
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2012 Jul;12(7):5233-9.
    PMID: 22966551
    This study presents the preparation of regenerated cellulose (RC)/graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) nanocomposites via room temperature ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc) using solution casting method. The thermal stability, gas permeability, water absorption and mechanical properties of the films were studied. The synthesized nanocomposite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The T20 decomposition temperature of regenerated cellulose improved with the addition of graphene nanoplatelets up to 5 wt%. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of RC films improved by 34 and 56%, respectively with the addition of 3 wt% GNPs. The nanocomposite films exhibited improved oxygen and carbon dioxide gas barrier properties and water absorption resistance compared to RC. XRD and SEM results showed good interaction between RC and GNPs and well dispersion of graphene nanoplatelets in regenerated cellulose. The FTIR spectra showed that the addition of GNPs in RC did not result in any noticeable change in its chemical structure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ionic Liquids/chemistry*
  5. Fulltext A facile ionic liquid promoted synthesis, cholinesterase inhibitory activity and molecular modeling study of novel highly functionalized spiropyrrolidines
    Almansour AI, Kumar RS, Arumugam N, Basiri A, Kia Y, Ali MA, et al.
    Molecules, 2015 Jan 29;20(2):2296-309.
    PMID: 25642838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20022296
    A series of novel dimethoxyindanone embedded spiropyrrolidines were synthesized in ionic liquid, [bmim]Br and were evaluated for their inhibitory activities towards cholinesterases. Among the spiropyrrolidines, compound 4f exhibited the most potent activity with an IC50 value of 1.57 µM against acethylcholinesterase (AChE). Molecular docking simulation for the most active compound was employed with the aim of disclosing its binding mechanism to the active site of AChE receptor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ionic Liquids/chemistry
  6. A new approach of probe sonication assisted ionic liquid conversion of glucose, cellulose and biomass into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
    Sarwono A, Man Z, Muhammad N, Khan AS, Hamzah WSW, Rahim AHA, et al.
    Ultrason Sonochem, 2017 Jul;37:310-319.
    PMID: 28427638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.01.028
    5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has been identified as a promising biomass-derived platform chemical. In this study, one pot production of HMF was studied in ionic liquid (IL) under probe sonication technique. Compared with the conventional heating technique, the use of probe ultrasonic irradiation reduced the reaction time from hours to minutes. Glucose, cellulose and local bamboo, treated with ultrasonic, produced HMF in the yields of 43%, 31% and 13% respectively, within less than 10min. The influence of various parameters such as acoustic power, reaction time, catalysts and glucose loading were studied. About 40% HMF yield at glucose conversion above 90% could be obtained with 2% of catalyst in 3min. Negligible amount of soluble by-product was detected, and humin formation could be controlled by adjusting the different process parameters. Upon extraction of HMF, the mixture of ionic liquid and catalyst could be reused and exhibited no significant reduction of HMF yield over five successive runs. The purity of regenerated [C4C1im]Cl and HMF was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, indicating neither changes in the chemical structure nor presence of any major contaminants during the conversion under ultrasonic treatment. 13C NMR suggests that [C4C1im]Cl/CrCl3 catalyses mutarotation of α-glucopyranose to β-glucopyranose leading to isomerization and finally conversion to HMF. The experimental results demonstrate that the use of probe sonication technique for conversion to HMF provides a positive process benefit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ionic Liquids/chemistry*
  7. Fulltext A new electrochemical sensor based on task-specific ionic liquids-modified palm shell activated carbon for the determination of mercury in water samples
    Abu Ismaiel A, Aroua MK, Yusoff R
    Sensors (Basel), 2014 Jul 21;14(7):13102-13.
    PMID: 25051034 DOI: 10.3390/s140713102
    In this study, a potentiometric sensor composed of palm shell activated carbon modified with trioctylmethylammonium thiosalicylate (TOMATS) was used for the potentiometric determination of mercury ions in water samples. The proposed potentiometric sensor has good operating characteristics towards Hg (II), including a relatively high selectivity; a Nernstian response to Hg (II) ions in a concentration range of 1.0 × 10(-9) to 1.0 × 10(-2) M, with a detection limit of 1 × 10(-10) M and a slope of 44.08 ± 1.0 mV/decade; and a fast response time (~5 s). No significant changes in electrode potential were observed when the pH was varied over the range of 3-9. Additionally, the proposed electrode was characterized by good selectivity towards Hg (II) and no significant interferences from other cationic or anionic species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ionic Liquids/chemistry*
  8. Fulltext A review on microalgae cultivation and harvesting, and their biomass extraction processing using ionic liquids
    Tan JS, Lee SY, Chew KW, Lam MK, Lim JW, Ho SH, et al.
    Bioengineered, 2020 12;11(1):116-129.
    PMID: 31909681 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1711626
    The richness of high-value bio-compounds derived from microalgae has made microalgae a promising and sustainable source of useful product. The present work starts with a review on the usage of open pond and photobioreactor in culturing various microalgae strains, followed by an in-depth evaluation on the common harvesting techniques used to collect microalgae from culture medium. The harvesting methods discussed include filtration, centrifugation, flocculation, and flotation. Additionally, the advanced extraction technologies using ionic liquids as extractive solvents applied to extract high-value bio-compounds such as lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and other bioactive compounds from microalgae biomass are summarized and discussed. However, more work needs to be done to fully utilize the potential of microalgae biomass for the application in large-scale production of biofuels, food additives, and nutritive supplements.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ionic Liquids/chemistry
  9. Adsorption of malachite green from aqueous solution by using novel chitosan ionic liquid beads
    Naseeruteen F, Hamid NSA, Suah FBM, Ngah WSW, Mehamod FS
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2018 Feb;107(Pt A):1270-1277.
    PMID: 28965968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.111
    Chitosan ionic liquid beads were prepared from chitosan and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium based ionic liquids to remove Malachite Green (MG) from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of initial pH, adsorbent dosage, agitation time and initial MG concentration. The optimum conditions were obtained at pH 4.0, 0.008g of adsorbent dosage and 20min of agitation time were utilized in the kinetic and isotherm studies. Three kinetic models were applied to analyze the kinetic data and pseudo-second order was found to be the best fitted model with R2>0.999. In order to determine the adsorption capacity, the sorption data were analyzed using the linear form of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equations. The isotherm was best fitted by Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) obtained from Langmuir isotherm for two chitosan beads 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate A and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium B are 8.07mgg-1 and 0.24mgg-1 respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ionic Liquids/chemistry*
  10. An Overview on the Toxicological Properties of Ionic Liquids toward Microorganisms
    Sivapragasam M, Moniruzzaman M, Goto M
    Biotechnol J, 2020 Apr;15(4):e1900073.
    PMID: 31864234 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900073
    Ionic liquids (ILs), a class of materials with unique physicochemical properties, have been used extensively in the fields of chemical engineering, biotechnology, material sciences, pharmaceutics, and many others. Because ILs are very polar by nature, they can migrate into the environment with the possibility of inclusion in the food chain and bioaccumulation in living organisms. However, the chemical natures of ILs are not quintessentially biocompatible. Therefore, the practical uses of ILs must be preceded by suitable toxicological assessments. Among different methods, the use of microorganisms to evaluate IL toxicity provides many advantages including short generation time, rapid growth, and environmental and industrial relevance. This article reviews the recent research progress on the toxicological properties of ILs toward microorganisms and highlights the computational prediction of various toxicity models.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ionic Liquids/chemistry*
  11. An efficient ionic liquid mediated synthesis, cholinesterase inhibitory activity and molecular modeling study of novel piperidone embedded α,β-unsaturated ketones
    Kia Y, Osman H, Kumar RS, Murugaiyah V, Basiri A, Khaw KY, et al.
    Med Chem, 2014;10(5):512-20.
    PMID: 24138113
    A series of hitherto unreported piperidone embedded α,β-unsaturated ketones were synthesized efficiently in ionic solvent and evaluated for cholinesterase inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Most of the synthesized compounds displayed good enzyme inhibition; therein compounds 7i and 7f displayed significant activity against AChE with IC50 values of 1.47 and 1.74 µM, respectively. Compound 6g showed the highest BChE inhibitory potency with IC50 value of 3.41 µM, being 5 times more potent than galanthamine. Molecular modeling simulation was performed using AChE and BChE receptors extracted from crystal structure of human AChE and human BChE to determine the amino acid residues involved in the binding interaction of synthesized compounds and their relevant receptors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ionic Liquids/chemistry*
  12. An expedient, ionic liquid mediated multi-component synthesis of novel piperidone grafted cholinesterase enzymes inhibitors and their molecular modeling study
    Basiri A, Murugaiyah V, Osman H, Kumar RS, Kia Y, Awang KB, et al.
    Eur J Med Chem, 2013 Sep;67:221-9.
    PMID: 23871902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.06.054
    Series of hitherto unreported piperidone grafted pyridopyrimidines synthesized through ionic liquid mediated multi-component reaction. These compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against AChE and BChE enzymes. All the compounds displayed considerable potency against AChE with IC50 values ranging from 0.92 to 9.11 μM, therein compounds 6a, 6h and 6i displayed superior enzyme inhibitory activities compared to standard drug with IC50 values of 0.92, 1.29 and 2.07 μM. Remarkably, all the compounds displayed higher BChE inhibitory activity compared to galantamine with IC50 values of 1.89-8.13 μM. Molecular modeling, performed for the most active compounds using three dimensional crystal structures of TcAChE and hBChE, disclosed binding template of these inhibitors into the active site of their respective enzymes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ionic Liquids/chemistry*
  13. An insight into structure and stability of DNA in ionic liquids from molecular dynamics simulation and experimental studies
    Jumbri K, Abdul Rahman MB, Abdulmalek E, Ahmad H, Micaelo NM
    Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2014 Jul 21;16(27):14036-46.
    PMID: 24901033 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01159g
    Molecular dynamics simulation and biophysical analysis were employed to reveal the characteristics and the influence of ionic liquids (ILs) on the structural properties of DNA. Both computational and experimental evidence indicate that DNA retains its native B-conformation in ILs. Simulation data show that the hydration shells around the DNA phosphate group were the main criteria for DNA stabilization in this ionic media. Stronger hydration shells reduce the binding ability of ILs' cations to the DNA phosphate group, thus destabilizing the DNA. The simulation results also indicated that the DNA structure maintains its duplex conformation when solvated by ILs at different temperatures up to 373.15 K. The result further suggests that the thermal stability of DNA at high temperatures is related to the solvent thermodynamics, especially entropy and enthalpy of water. All the molecular simulation results were consistent with the experimental findings. The understanding of the properties of IL-DNA could be used as a basis for future development of specific ILs for nucleic acid technology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ionic Liquids/chemistry*
  14. An ionic liquid treatment and fractionation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin from oil palm empty fruit bunch
    Mohtar SS, Tengku Malim Busu TN, Md Noor AM, Shaari N, Mat H
    Carbohydr Polym, 2017 Jun 15;166:291-299.
    PMID: 28385235 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.102
    This work reports on a complete isolation and characterization of lignocellulosic compounds from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) by ionic liquid (IL) treatment and alkaline treatment processes. The fractionated lignocellulosic compounds were confirmed by FTIR and CP/MAS 13CNMR analyses. The yield of the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin fractions was 52.72±1.50% wt., 27.17±1.68% wt. and 16.82±1.15% wt. with molecular weight of 1869g/mol, 1736g/mol and 2695g/mol, and degradation temperature of 325.65°C, 236.25°C, and 201.40°C, respectively. The SEM image illustrates the bundle-like fiber of cellulose fraction and smaller particle size of hemicellulose and lignin fractions with inconsistent shape. The XRD patterns depict the crystalline cellulose, amorphous lignin and partially amorphous hemicellulose fractions property. The IL could be recovered and reused with an overall recovery of 48% wt. after the fourth cycle.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ionic Liquids/chemistry*
  15. Antiproliferative activity of ionic liquid-graviola fruit extract against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines using flow cytometry techniques
    Daddiouaissa D, Amid A, Kabbashi NA, Fuad FAA, Elnour AM, Epandy MAKMS
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2019 May 23;236:466-473.
    PMID: 30853648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.003
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Medicinal plants have been used for ages by indigenous communities around the world to help humankind sustain its health. Graviola (Annona muricata), also called soursop, is a member of the Annonaceae family and is an evergreen plant that is generally distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Graviola tree has a long history of traditional use due to its therapeutic potential including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, insecticide and cytotoxic to tumor cells.

    AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to investigate the in vitro antiproliferative effects and apoptotic events of the ionic liquid extract of Graviola fruit (IL-GFE) on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and their cytokinetics behaviour to observe their potential as a therapeutic alternative in cancer treatment.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cell viability assay of the extract was measured using tetrazolium bromide (MTT assay) to observe the effects of Graviola fruit extract. Then the cytokinetics behaviour of MCF-7 cells treated with IL-GFE is observed by plotting the growth curve of the cells. Additionally, the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis mechanism of IL-GFE action on MCF-7 cancer cells were observed by flow cytometry.

    RESULTS: IL-GFE exhibited anti-proliferative activity on MCF-7 with the IC50 value of 4.75 μg/mL, compared to Taxol with an IC50 value of 0.99 μg/mL. IL- GFE also reduced the number of cell generations from 3.71 to 1.67 generations compared to 2.18 generations when treated with Taxol. Furthermore, the anti-proliferative activities were verified when the growth rate was decreased dynamically from 0.0077 h to 1 to 0.0035 h-1. Observation of the IL-GFE-treated MCF-7 under microscope demonstrated detachment of cells and loss of density. The growth inhibition of the cells by extracts was associated with cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and phosphatidylserine externalisation confirms the anti-proliferation through apoptosis.

    CONCLUSIONS: ionic liquid Graviola fruit extract affect the cytokinetics behaviour of MCF-7 cells by reducing cell viability, induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase.

    Matched MeSH terms: Ionic Liquids/chemistry
  16. Biocompatible Ionic Liquid-Mediated Micelles for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Paclitaxel
    Ali MK, Moshikur RM, Wakabayashi R, Moniruzzaman M, Goto M
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2021 May 05;13(17):19745-19755.
    PMID: 33891816 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03111
    Chemotherapeutic cytotoxic agents such as paclitaxel (PTX) are considered essential for the treatment of various cancers. However, PTX injection is associated with severe systemic side effects and high rates of patient noncompliance. Micelle formulations (MFs) are nano-drug delivery systems that offer a solution to these problems. Herein, we report an advantageous carrier for the transdermal delivery of PTX comprising a new MF that consists of two biocompatible surfactants: cholinium oleate ([Cho][Ole]), which is a surface-active ionic liquid (SAIL), and sorbitan monolaurate (Span-20). A solubility assessment confirmed that PTX was readily solubilized in the SAIL-based micelles via multipoint hydrogen bonding and cation-π and π-π interactions between PTX and SAIL[Cho][Ole]. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy revealed that in the presence of PTX, the MF formed spherical PTX-loaded micelles that were well-distributed in the range 8.7-25.3 nm. According to DLS, the sizes and size distributions of the micelle droplets did not change significantly over the entire storage period, attesting to their physical stability. In vitro transdermal assessments using a Franz diffusion cell revealed that the MF absorbed PTX 4 times more effectively than a Tween 80-based formulation and 6 times more effectively than an ethanol-based formulation. In vitro and in vivo skin irritation tests revealed that the new carrier had a negligible toxicity profile compared with a conventional ionic liquid-based carrier. Based on these findings, we believe that the SAIL[Cho][Ole]-based MF has potential as a biocompatible nanocarrier for the effective transdermal delivery of poorly soluble chemotherapeutics such as PTX.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ionic Liquids/chemistry*
  17. Bionanocomposites of regenerated cellulose/zeolite prepared using environmentally benign ionic liquid solvent
    Soheilmoghaddam M, Wahit MU, Tuck Whye W, Ibrahim Akos N, Heidar Pour R, Ali Yussuf A
    Carbohydr Polym, 2014 Jun 15;106:326-34.
    PMID: 24721086 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.085
    Bionanocomposite films based on regenerated cellulose (RC) and incorporated with zeolite at different concentrations were fabricated by dissolving cellulose in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIMCl) ionic liquid using a simple green method. The interactions between the zeolite and the cellulose matrix were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra. Mechanical properties of the nanocomposite films significantly improved as compared with the pure regenerated cellulose film, without the loss of extensibility. Zeolite incorporation enhanced the thermal stability and char yield of the nanocomposites. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that zeolite was uniformly dispersed in the regenerated cellulose matrix. In vitro cytotoxicity test demonstrated that both RC and RC/zeolite nanocomposite films are cytocompatible. These results indicate that the prepared nanocomposites have potential applications in biodegradable packaging, membranes and biomedical areas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ionic Liquids/chemistry*
  18. Fulltext Broad considerations concerning electrochemical electrodes in primarily fluid environments
    Jesudason CG
    Int J Mol Sci, 2009 May;10(5):2203-51.
    PMID: 19564949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10052203
    This review is variously a presentation, reflection, synthesis and report with reference to more recent developments of an article - in a journal which has ceased publication - entitled "Some Electrode Theorems with Experimental Corroboration, Inclusive of the Ag/AgCl System" Internet Journal of Chemistry, (http://www.ijc.com), Special Issues: Vol. 2 Article 24 (1999). The results from new lemmas relating charge densities and capacitance in a metallic electrode in equilibrium with an ionic solution are used to explain the data and observed effects due to Esin, Markov, Grahame, Lang and Kohn. Size effects that vary the measured e.m.f. of electrodes due to changes in the electronic chemical potential are demonstrated in experiment and theory implying the need for standardization of electrodes with respect to geometry and size. The widely used Stern modification of the Gouy-Chapman theory is shown to be mostly inapplicable for many of the problems where it is employed. Practical consequences of the current development include the possibility of determining the elusive single-ion activity coefficients of solution ions directly from the expression given by a simplified capacitance theorem, the potential of zero charge and the determination of single ion concentrations of active species in the electrode reactions from cell e.m.f. measurements.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ionic Liquids/chemistry*
  19. Fulltext COSMO-RS Based Prediction for Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA) Extraction from Microalgae Biomass Using Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs)
    Rezaei Motlagh S, Harun R, Awang Biak DR, Hussain SA, Omar R, Elgharbawy AA
    Mar Drugs, 2020 Feb 12;18(2).
    PMID: 32059424 DOI: 10.3390/md18020108
    One of the essential fatty acids with therapeutic impacts on human health is known to be omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). More lately, ionic liquids (ILs) have received significant attention among scientists in overcoming the disadvantages of traditional solvents in biomass lipid extraction. However, the large pool of cations and anions possibly accessible will lead to a growing number of innovatively synthesized ILs. Nevertheless, the exhaustive measurement of all these systems is economically impractical. The conductive screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) is considered a precious approach with the availability of a few models to predict the characteristics of ILs. This work introduces the estimate of capacity values at infinite dilution for a range of ILs using COSMO-RS software as part of solid-liquid extraction. This favorable outcome presented that the capacity values of the IL molecules are extremely dependent on both anions and cations. Among the 352 combinations of cation/anion tested, short alkyl chain cations coupled with inorganic anions were found to be most efficient and therefore superior in the extraction method. Sulphate-, chloride-, and bromide-based ILs were found to have higher extraction capacities in contrast with the remainders, while propanoate revealed an extraordinary capacity when combined with ethyl-based cations. Eventually, the predicted results from COSMO-RS were validated through the experimentally calculated extraction yield of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) compound from Nannochloropsis sp. microalgae. Three selected ILs namely [EMIM][Cl], [TMAm][Cl], and [EMPyrro][Br] were selected from COSMO-RS for empirical extraction purpose and the validation results pinpointed the good prediction capability of COSMO-RS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ionic Liquids/chemistry*
  20. Fulltext Cloud point extraction of parabens using non-ionic surfactant with cylodextrin functionalized ionic liquid as a modifier
    Noorashikin MS, Raoov M, Mohamad S, Abas MR
    Int J Mol Sci, 2013;14(12):24531-48.
    PMID: 24351832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141224531
    A cloud point extraction (CPE) process using non-ionic surfactant (DC193C) to extract selected paraben compounds from water samples was investigated using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The CPE process with the presence of β-cyclodextrin (βCD) functionalized ionic liquid as a modifier (CPE-DC193C-βCD-IL) is a new extraction technique that has been applied on the optimization of parameters, i.e., pH, βCD-IL concentration and phase volume ratio. This CPE-DC193C-βCD-IL method is facilitated at 30 °C, showing great losses of water content in the surfactant-rich phase, resulting in a high pre-concentration factor and high distribution coefficient. The developed method CPE-DC193C-βCD-IL did show enhanced properties compared to the CPE method without the modifier (CPE-DC193C). The developed method of CPE-DC193C-βCD-IL gives an excellent performance on the detection of parabens from water samples with the limit of detection falling in the range of 0.013-0.038 µg mL-1. Finally, the inclusion complex formation, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interaction between the βCD-IL, benzyl paraben (ArP), and DC 193C were proven using 1H NMR and 2D NOESY spectroscopy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ionic Liquids/chemistry*
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