Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 23 in total

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  1. Clostridium perfringens surgical site infection after osteotomy for knee deformity correction in a non-immunocompromised child
    Abd Rashid AH, Ramli R, Ibrahim S
    Surg Infect (Larchmt), 2014 Oct;15(5):656-8.
    PMID: 24828080 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2012.192
    Clostridium perfringens myonecrosis following an elective surgical procedure in a previously healthy child is a rare incident.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surgical Wound Infection/microbiology*
  2. Fulltext Risk factors for neurosurgical site infections after a neurosurgical procedure: a prospective observational study at Hospital Kuala Lumpur
    Buang SS, Haspani MS
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Aug;67(4):393-8.
    PMID: 23082448
    Surgical site infection (SSI) after craniotomy even though rare, poses a real risk of surgery and represents a substantial burden of disease for both patients and healthcare services in terms of morbidity, mortality and economic cost. The knowledge of risk factor for surgical site infection after craniotomy will allow the authority to implement specific preventive measures to reduce the infection rate. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to determine the incidence and the risk factors of surgical site infection after craniotomy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surgical Wound Infection/microbiology
  3. Fulltext Bacteriological study and its role in the management of open tibial fracture
    Faisham WI, Nordin S, Aidura M
    Med J Malaysia, 2001 Jun;56(2):201-6.
    PMID: 11771081
    Sixty percent of open fracture wounds are contaminated at the time of injury. Despite that, the necessity for sequential multiple cultures and sensitivity studies for open fractures and their interpretation are still controversial. Predebridement, intraoperative, postoperative swabs and swabs in established infection for culture and sensitivity study were taken in 33 open tibial fractures over a 6 months period. 39.3% of predebridement swabs grew bacteria with the majority yielding gram-positive organism. None of the patients developed infection with similar organisms. 24.2% of the postoperative swabs grew bacteria, of which 75% were gram-negative. 50% of the patients with positive postoperative swabs developed infection. Thus, the role of sequential multiple cultures and sensitivity studies are not helpful in management of open fracture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wound Infection/microbiology*
  4. Perforated appendicitis--the Malaysian experience
    Lee CM, Teoh MK
    J R Coll Surg Edinb, 1990 Apr;35(2):83-7.
    PMID: 2355382
    Perforated appendicitis, with its increased complication rate, today still poses a formidable problem in the Kuala Lumpur General Hospital. Out of 1694 emergency operations performed by our unit in 1987, there were 927 appendicectomies. A retrospective study of these cases showed 126 cases of perforated appendicitis, which were then subjected to detailed analysis. We have a diagnostic accuracy of 81% and perforation rate of 18%. In addition, it is interesting to note the racial differences in the relationship of diagnostic accuracy to perforation rate. Perforation is associated with an increased wound infection rate. Transperitoneal drainage in perforated appendicitis did not lead to a lower incidence of wound infection or improve postoperative performance. Distinguishing between perforated and non-perforated appendicitis may be difficult. Perforation could occur while awaiting operation. We recommend the early administration of systemic antibiotics should appendicectomy be delayed and the cautious use of drains in cases of perforated appendicitis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surgical Wound Infection/microbiology
  5. Carboxymethylcellulose film for bacterial wound infection control and healing
    Wong TW, Ramli NA
    Carbohydr Polym, 2014 Nov 4;112:367-75.
    PMID: 25129756 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.06.002
    Infection control and wound healing profiles of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) films were investigated as a function of their anti-bacterial action, physical structures, polymer molecular weights and carboxymethyl substitution degrees. The films were prepared with in vitro polymer/film and in vivo microbe-colonized wound healing/systemic infection profiles examined. Adhesive high carboxymethyl substituted SCMC films aided healing via attaching to microbes and removing them from wound. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was removed via encapsulating in gelling low molecular weight SCMC film, whereas Staphylococcus aureus was trapped in tight folds of high molecular weight SCMC film. Incomplete microbe removal from wound did not necessary translate to inability to heal as microbe remnant at wound induced fibroblast migration and aided tissue reconstruction. Using no film nonetheless will cause systemic blood infection. SCMC films negate infection and promote wound healing via specific polymer-microbe adhesion, and removal of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa requires films of different polymer characteristics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wound Infection/microbiology
  6. Fulltext The antibacterial properties of Malaysian tualang honey against wound and enteric microorganisms in comparison to manuka honey
    Tan HT, Rahman RA, Gan SH, Halim AS, Hassan SA, Sulaiman SA, et al.
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2009;9:34.
    PMID: 19754926 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-9-34
    Antibiotic resistance of bacteria is on the rise, thus the discovery of alternative therapeutic agents is urgently needed. Honey possesses therapeutic potential, including wound healing properties and antimicrobial activity. Although the antimicrobial activity of honey has been effectively established against an extensive spectrum of microorganisms, it differs depending on the type of honey. To date, no extensive studies of the antibacterial properties of tualang (Koompassia excelsa) honey on wound and enteric microorganisms have been conducted. The objectives of this study were to conduct such studies and to compare the antibacterial activity of tualang honey with that of manuka honey.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wound Infection/microbiology
  7. Chromobacterium violaceum infection in Taiwan: a case report and literature review
    Chang CY, Lee YT, Liu KS, Wang YL, Tsao SM
    J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 2007 Jun;40(3):272-5.
    PMID: 17639170
    Chromobacterium violaceum is a facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative bacillus which inhabits stagnant water in tropical and subtropical regions. We describe the case of an 80-year-old female patient with C. violaceum bacteremia due to traumatic wound infected by contaminated water and soil. She had persistent fever, hypotension and neutrophilic leukocytosis on admission. Two sets of blood cultures yielded C. violaceum. The patient was successfully treated with levofloxacin. Since the first case from Malaysia in 1927, about 150 cases have been reported in the world literature. To our knowledge, six other cases have been reported previously from Taiwan, including two children and four adults. Of the total of seven patients from Taiwan, four had a fatal outcome within several days, while the three survivors were apparently free of vital organ involvement. Although human infections caused by C. violaceum are rare, clinicians should be aware of this potentially fatal infection as part of the differential diagnosis of sepsis associated with a history of exposure to stagnant water.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wound Infection/microbiology
  8. Fulltext Orthopaedic infections: organisms and antibiotic sensitivity
    Yusof MI, Yusof AH
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59(5):574-7.
    PMID: 15889557
    Staphylococcus aureus infection remains the commonest organism causing musculoskeletal infection and antibiotic is the mainstay of treatment apart from adequate and appropriate surgical intervention. The exact figure of antibiotic resistance in orthopaedic practice is not known but it is expected to be higher than previously reported as the use of antibiotics is rampant. Its sensitivity to various antibiotics differs from one center to another making local surveillance necessary. From 66 patients with musculoskeletal infections studied in our centre, Staphylococcus aureus was cultured in 50-65% of patients, depending on the sample taken. Fifteen percent of this were methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Staphylococcus aureus was found to be sensitive to cloxacillin in 95% of patients' sample. MRSA remained highly sensitive to vancomycin, clindamycin and fucidic acid.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surgical Wound Infection/microbiology*
  9. Fulltext The use of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in seven Malaysian hospitals
    Lim VK, Cheong YM, Suleiman AB
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1994 Dec;25(4):698-701.
    PMID: 7667716
    A survey on the use of antibiotics in surgical prophylaxis was carried out in seven Malaysian hospitals. Details of antibiotic prescriptions were obtained through questionnaires completed by the prescriber. A total of 430 such prescriptions was analysed. A large number of different antibiotic regimens were used for a variety of surgical procedures. The majority of prescriptions (70%) were issued for procedures where such prophylaxis was probably not necessary. Antibiotics were also often prescribed for durations that were longer than necessary. There is an urgent need to educate surgeons and standardize surgical prophylactic regimens in order to reduce cost and combat the emergence of antibiotic resistance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surgical Wound Infection/microbiology
  10. Carboxymethyl cellulose wafers containing antimicrobials: a modern drug delivery system for wound infections
    Ng SF, Jumaat N
    Eur J Pharm Sci, 2014 Jan 23;51:173-9.
    PMID: 24076463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.09.015
    Lyophilised wafers have been shown to have potential as a modern dressing for mucosal wound healing. The wafer absorbs wound exudates and transforms into a gel, thus providing a moist environment which is essential for wound healing. The objective of this study was to develop a carboxymethyl cellulose wafer containing antimicrobials to promote wound healing and treat wound infection. The pre-formulation studies began with four polymers, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC), methylcellulose (MC), sodium alginate and xanthan gum, but only NaCMC and MC were chosen for further investigation. The wafers were characterised by physical assessments, solvent loss, microscopic examination, swelling and hydration properties, drug content uniformity, drug release and efficacy of antimicrobials. Three of the antimicrobials, neomycin trisulphate salt hydrate, sulphacetamide sodium and silver nitrate, were selected as model drugs. Among the formulations, NaCMC wafer containing neomycin trisulphate exhibited the most desirable wound dressing characteristics (i.e., flexibility, sponginess, uniform wafer texture, high content drug uniformity) with the highest in vitro drug release and the greatest inhibition against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. In conclusion, we successfully developed a NaCMC lyophilised wafer containing antimicrobials, and this formulation has potential for use in mucosal wounds infected with bacteria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wound Infection/microbiology
  11. Fulltext Wound contraction effects and antibacterial properties of Tualang honey on full-thickness burn wounds in rats in comparison to hydrofibre
    Khoo YT, Halim AS, Singh KK, Mohamad NA
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2010;10:48.
    PMID: 20815896 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-48
    Full-thickness burn wounds require excision and skin grafting. Multiple surgical procedures are inevitable in managing moderate to severe full-thickness burns. Wound bed preparations prior to surgery are necessary in order to prevent wound infection and promote wound healing. Honey can be used to treat burn wounds. However, not all the honey is the same. This study aims to evaluate the wound contraction and antibacterial properties of locally-produced Tualang honey on managing full-thickness burn wounds in vivo.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wound Infection/microbiology
  12. Fulltext Antibacterial properties of tualang honey and its effect in burn wound management: a comparative study
    Nasir NA, Halim AS, Singh KK, Dorai AA, Haneef MN
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2010;10:31.
    PMID: 20576085 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-31
    The use of honey as a natural product of Apis spp. for burn treatment has been widely applied for centuries. Tualang honey has been reported to have antibacterial properties against various microorganisms, including those from burn-related diagnoses, and is cheaper and easier to be absorbed by Aquacel dressing. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential antibacterial properties of tualang honey dressing and to determine its effectiveness as a partial thickness burn wound dressing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wound Infection/microbiology
  13. Case report post-splenectomy sepsis in thalassemic patients
    Zarina AL, Hamidah A, Zulkifli SZ, Jamal R
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2005 Mar;36(2):471-3.
    PMID: 15916058
    Thalassemia is the commonest hemoglobinopathy in Malaysia. Patients with thalassemia major are transfusion dependent, and a large proportion of them will require splenectomy. As this particular group of patients is immunocompromized, overwhelming sepsis is a recognized complication. We report a series of three patients who all developed intra-abdominal abscesses following splenectomy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surgical Wound Infection/microbiology*
  14. Formulation and evaluation of wound healing activity of Elaeis guineensis Jacq leaves in a Staphylococcus aureus infected Sprague Dawley rat model
    Rajoo A, Ramanathan S, Mansor SM, Sasidharan S
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2021 Feb 10;266:113414.
    PMID: 32980488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113414
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Medicinal plants are crucial to healing numerous illnesses. Elaeis guineensis Jacq (family Arecaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of wounds.

    AIM OF THE STUDY: However, there are no scientific reports documented on the wound healing activities of this plant against Staphylococcus aureus infections in the Sprague Dawley male rat model. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the wound healing potential of E. guineensis extract leaves.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The crude extract was prepared in 10% (w/w) ointment and evaluated for wound healing activity using excision and infected wound models in Sprague Dawley rats. The wound healing activity was evaluated from wound closure rate, CFU reduction, histological analysis of granulation tissue and matrix metalloprotease expression.

    RESULTS: The results show that the E. guineensis extract has potent wound healing ability, as manifest from improved wound closure and tissue regeneration supported by histopathological parameters. Assessment of granulation tissue every fourth day showed a significant reduction in the microbial count. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases was well correlated with the other results, hence confirming E. guineensis wound healing activity's effectiveness.

    CONCLUSIONS: E. guineensis enhanced infected wound healing in rats, thus supporting its traditional use.

    Matched MeSH terms: Wound Infection/microbiology
  15. Fulltext The prevalence and risk factors of nosocomial Acinetobacter blood stream infections in tertiary teaching hospital in north-eastern Malaysia
    Deris ZZ, Harun A, Omar M, Johari MR
    Trop Biomed, 2009 Aug;26(2):123-9, 219-22.
    PMID: 19901898
    Acinetobacter spp. is a known nosocomial pathogen causing a wide range of clinical diseases mainly pneumonia, wound infections and blood stream infections (BSI). A cross sectional descriptive study was performed to determine the prevalence of Acinetobacter infection in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan (HUSM). The risk factors of Acinetobacter BSI were determined by 1:1 case control analytical study, involving fifty-eight confirmed cases of Acinetobacter BSI patients compared to the cases caused by Gram-negative bacteria. The prevalence of Acinetobacter BSI in the HUSM was 6.11% (95% CI 4.88-7.53%). The attack rate of Acinetobacter BSI was 2.77 episodes per 1000 hospital admissions. Acinetobacter BSI patients were mostly located in intensive care unit and had a longer intensive care unit stay. In univariate analysis, the risk factors for Acinetobacter BSI include prior exposure to antimicrobial agents such as penicillins, aminoglycosides and cephalosporins, mechanical ventilation, presence of nasogastric tube, arterial catheter and urinary catheter. In multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors for Acinetobacter BSI were prior treatment with cephalosporins (OR 3.836 95% CI 1.657-8.881 p=0.002) and mechanical ventilation (OR 3.164 95% CI 1.353-7.397 p=0.008). This study revealed that rational use of antimicrobial agents is of paramount importance to control Acinetobacter BSI.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wound Infection/microbiology
  16. Effectiveness of Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Synbiotic Therapies in Reducing Postoperative Complications: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
    Kasatpibal N, Whitney JD, Saokaew S, Kengkla K, Heitkemper MM, Apisarnthanarak A
    Clin Infect Dis, 2017 May 15;64(suppl_2):S153-S160.
    PMID: 28475793 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix114
    Background: Microbiome-directed therapies are increasingly used preoperatively and postoperatively to improve postoperative outcomes. Recently, the effectiveness of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in reducing postoperative complications (POCs) has been questioned. This systematic review aimed to examine and rank the effectiveness of these therapies on POCs in adult surgical patients.

    Methods: We searched for articles from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL plus. From 2002 to 2015, 31 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were identified in the literature. Risk of bias and heterogeneity were assessed. Network meta-analyses (NMA) were performed using random-effects modeling to obtain estimates for study outcomes. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. We then ranked the comparative effects of all regimens with the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) probabilities.

    Results: A total of 2,952 patients were included. We found that synbiotic therapy was the best regimen in reducing surgical site infection (SSI) (RR = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.12-0.64) in adult surgical patients. Synbiotic therapy was also the best intervention to reduce pneumonia (RR = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.09-0.90), sepsis (RR = 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01-0.94), hospital stay (mean = 9.66 days, 95% CI, 7.60-11.72), and duration of antibiotic administration (mean = 5.61 days, 95% CI, 3.19-8.02). No regimen significantly reduced mortality.

    Conclusions: This network meta-analysis suggests that synbiotic therapy is the first rank to reduce SSI, pneumonia, sepsis, hospital stay, and antibiotic use. Surgeons should consider the use of synbiotics as an adjunctive therapy to prevent POCs among adult surgical patients. Increasing use of synbiotics may help to reduce the use of antibiotics and multidrug resistance.

    Matched MeSH terms: Surgical Wound Infection/microbiology
  17. Fulltext Outcomes of infected grade IIIB open tibial fractures
    Yusof NM, Halim AS
    Singapore Med J, 2012 Sep;53(9):591-4.
    PMID: 23023900
    Infection following grade IIIB open tibial fracture is common. The primary aim of managing this condition is to achieve control of infection before the bone reconstruction procedure is performed. The outcomes for such patients have not been evaluated in the literature. This study was conducted to examine the outcome of a multi-stage procedure for the treatment of infected grade IIIB open tibial fractures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wound Infection/microbiology
  18. LL37 Microspheres Loaded on Activated Carbon-chitosan Hydrogel: Anti-bacterial and Anti-toxin Wound Dressing for Chronic Wound Infections
    Lim BY, Azmi F, Ng SF
    AAPS PharmSciTech, 2024 May 13;25(5):110.
    PMID: 38740721 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02826-6
    Antimicrobial peptide LL37 is a promising antibacterial candidate due to its potent antimicrobial activity with no known bacterial resistance. However, intrinsically LL37 is susceptible to degradation in wound fluids limits its effectiveness. Bacterial toxins which are released after cell lysis are found to hinder wound healing. To address these challenges, encapsulating LL37 in microspheres (MS) and loading the MS onto activated carbon (AC)-chitosan (CS) hydrogel. This advanced wound dressing not only protects LL37 from degradation but also targets bacterial toxins, aiding in the healing of chronic wound infections. First, LL37 MS and LL37-AC-CS hydrogel were prepared and characterised in terms of physicochemical properties, drug release, and peptide-polymer compatibility. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity, bacterial toxin elimination, cell migration, and cell cytotoxicity activities were investigated. LL37-AC-CS hydrogel was effective against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. LL37-AC-CS hydrogel bound more endotoxin than AC with CS hydrogel alone. The hydrogel also induced cell migration after 72 h and showed no cytotoxicity towards NHDF after 72 h of treatment. In conclusion, the LL37-AC-CS hydrogel was shown to be a stable, non-toxic advanced wound dressing method with enhanced antimicrobial and antitoxin activity, and it can potentially be applied to chronic wound infections to accelerate wound healing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wound Infection/microbiology
  19. Dermacyn irrigation in reducing infection of a median sternotomy wound
    Mohd AR, Ghani MK, Awang RR, Su Min JO, Dimon MZ
    Heart Surg Forum, 2010 Aug;13(4):E228-32.
    PMID: 20719724 DOI: 10.1532/HSF98.20091162
    Sternal wound infection is an infrequent yet potentially devastating complication following sternotomy. Among the standard practices used as preventive measures are the use of prophylactic antibiotics and povidone-iodine as an irrigation agent. A new antiseptic agent, Dermacyn super-oxidized water (Oculus Innovative Sciences), has recently been used as a wound-irrigation agent before the closure of sternotomy wounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surgical Wound Infection/microbiology
  20. Fulltext Antimicrobial activity of Nigella sativa L. seed oil against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from diabetic wounds
    Emeka LB, Emeka PM, Khan TM
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2015 Nov;28(6):1985-90.
    PMID: 26639493
    Microbial resistance to existing antibiotics has led to an increase in the use of medicinal plants that show beneficial effects for various infectious diseases. The study evaluates the susceptibility of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus to Nigella sativa oil. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 34 diabetic patient's wounds attending the Renaissance hospital, Nsukka, Southeast Nigeria. The isolates were characterized and identified using standard microbiological techniques. Isolates were cultured and a comparative In vitro antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out using the disk diffusion method. Of the 34 samples collected, 19(56%) showed multidrug resistance to the commonly used antibiotics. Nigella sativa oil was then studied for antibacterial activity against these multidrug resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in varying concentration by well diffusion method. The oil showed pronounced dose dependent antibacterial activity against the isolates. Out of 19 isolates, 8(42%) were sensitive to undiluted oil sample; 4(21%) of these showed sensitivity at 200 mg/ml, 400 mg/ml and 800 mg/ml respectively. Eleven (58%) of the isolates were completely resistant to all the oil concentrations. The present study, reports the isolation of multi-drug resistant S. aureus from diabetic wounds and that more than half of isolates were susceptible to different concentrations N. sativa oil.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wound Infection/microbiology
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