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Bird species composition and feeding guilds based on point count and mist netting methods at the paya indah wetland reserve, peninsular malaysia

Zakaria M, Rajpar MN

Trop Life Sci Res, 2010 Dec;21(2):7-26.
PMID: 24575196

A comparison study was conducted to determine the bird species composition, relative abundance, species diversity and feeding guilds based on point count (PC) and mist netting (MN) at the Paya Indah Wetland Reserve (PIWR), Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 13872 bird observations belonging to 100 species and 38 families were recorded using the PC method over 15 consecutive months, and a total of 1478 bird individuals belonging to 65 species and 33 families were captured using the MN method over 1260 netting hours. The results showed that Treron vernans (1723 observations; 12.42%) was the most abundant bird species using the PC method, whereas Pycnonotus goiavier (378 individuals; 25.64%) was the most abundant bird species using the MN method. The Ardeidae (9 species; 23.68%) was the most dominant family using the PC method, but the Rallidae (6 species; 18.18%) was the most dominant family using the MN method. The PC method produced higher species diversity (Shannon's N1 = 31.22) and richness (Margalef's R1 = 10.42) than MN, whereas the MN method produced higher species evenness (McIntosh's E = 0.86) than the PC method. Frugivore/insectivore comprised of bulbuls, orioles, pigeons and starlings was the most dominant feeding guild in both methods (PC = 27.81% and MN = 32.88%). In contrast, carnivore was the rarest feeding guild in both methods (i.e. PC = 0.17% and MN = 0.20%). These findings indicate that the PC method is more efficient and produces better results than the MN method.
The first reported use of autologous blood pleurodesis for treatment of prolonged air leak in COVID-19-related spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax: A case report

S Rashid Ali MR

Respirol Case Rep, 2021 Oct;9(10):e0840.
PMID: 34504712 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.840

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) and pneumothorax (PTX) have been described as rare complications of COVID-19 pneumonia. We present a case of COVID-19 pneumonia which was complicated by SPM on Day 13 of admission with progression to spontaneous PTX 2 days later which necessitated intercostal chest drainage. It was complicated by prolonged air leak (PAL) for the next 9 days despite being on continued low-dose suction and another additional larger bore intercostal drain inserted. Surgical pleurodesis was not an option in view of anaesthesia and operative risk expected in COVID-19. In view of this, autologous blood pleurodesis (ABP) to address the alveolar pleural leak was opted. ABP has been previously used for PAL in cases of non-COVID-19-related intractable spontaneous PTX. The air leak ceased with subsequent lung re-expansion, with good clinical and radiological improvement. He was discharged well after resolution of PTX which required intercostal drain for a total of 15 days.
Fulltext Validation of the Malay version of auditory verbal learning test (MVAVLT) among schizophrenia patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Malaysia

Zahiruddin Othman, Muhammad Najib Muhammad Alwi, Kamarul Imran Musa, Muhammad Najib Muhammad Alwi, Ruzita Jamaluddin

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2009;10(1):54-74.
MyJurnal

Objective: Many studies have emphasized the significance of verbal memory for the functional outcome in schizophrenia. A preserved capability to encode and recall verbal information is essential for the long-term efficacy of psychoeducational programs and other
psychological intervention to ensure the successful transfer of newly acquired skills or knowledge into everyday life. Aims of this study aimed to validate the MVALT among schizophrenia patients in HUSM. Methods: The subjects were 15 schizophrenia patients
conveniently selected from the patients that attended follow up at the psychiatry clinic in HUSM or inpatients who have been admitted during the study period and 15 healthy control subjects as a comparison. Reliability and validity of the MVAVLT were analyzed. Results: The validation study showed that the Malay version Auditory Verbal Learning Test (MVAVLT) had a good validity (factor analysis 0.66 to 0.98) and test-retest reliability (pearson correlation ranged from 0.24 to 0.84) and has been shown to be sensitive in
discriminating between normal and schizophrenia patients. In line with the previous research, the schizophrenia patients performed significantly worse than healthy control in all indexes measured in MVAVLT. Conclusion: The screening of deficits in verbal learning
and memory among the schizophrenia patients is important, for early detection and treatment since it can be helpful for clinicians and psychologists in their counseling sessions. Subsequently, it helps patients to reduce such cognitive difficulties and their impact by using specific rehabilitation with the usage of newer antipsychotic agents.
Fulltext Translation and validation of the Malay post traumatic stress disorder checklist for civilians

Rafidah Bahari, Muhammad N Mohamad Alwi, Muhammad R Ahmad, Ismail Mohd Saiboon

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2015;16(2):203-211.
MyJurnal

There are a number of validated questionnaires available for the screening of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and the PTSD Checklist for Civilians is one of them. However, none was translated into the Malay Language and validated for use in the Malaysian population. The aim of this study is to translate and validate the Malay PTSD Checklist for Civilians (MPCL-C). Methods: The PCL-C was translated into the Malay Language and back-translated. The reliability and validity of the MPCL-C were then determined by administering them to those who presented at the emergency department for motor vehicle accident at least one month before. Results: The MPCL-C has good face and content validity. In terms of reliability, it is also good, with Chronbach’s alpha values of 0.90, 0.77, 0.75 and 0.74 for the full scale, re-experiencing, avoidance and arousal domains respectively. Conclusions: The MPCL-C is a valid and reliable instrument to screen for PTSD in motor vehicle accident victims for the studied population.
Fulltext Correlation of case depth with mechanical properties of low carbon steel using paste carburizing method

Bulan Abdullah, Muhammad Hafizuddin Jumadin, Muhammad Hussain Ismail, Siti Khadijah Alias, Samsiah Ahmad

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(103):91-98.
MyJurnal

Powder carburising compound used for pack carburizing has limited potential in producing thicker case depth. Paste carburizing has proved to be an option to replace powder in conventional pack carburizing as it requires less time and temperature to diffuse carbon atoms, and thereby produce greater case depth. The correlation between case depth and mechanical properties using paste carburising is the objective of this paper where the relationship between case depth with mechanical and tribological properties using powder, paste 1:1 and paste 3:1 compounds at 1000°C for 9 hours are studied. Samples were subjected to microhardness tests, tensile tests and wear tests. Results showed paste 1:1 compound produced the highest case depth (>0.5 mm), allowing us to greater tensile strength, 6.61% and high wear resistance, 49%.
Ionic Liquid Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Enhanced Enzymatic Delignification

Moniruzzaman M, Goto M

Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol., 2019;168:61-77.
PMID: 29744542 DOI: 10.1007/10_2018_64

Ionic liquids (ILs), a potentially attractive "green," recyclable alternative to environmentally harmful volatile organic compounds, have been increasingly exploited as solvents and/or cosolvents and/or reagents in a wide range of applications, including pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for further processing. The enzymatic delignification of biomass to degrade lignin, a complex aromatic polymer, has received much attention as an environmentally friendly process for clean separation of biopolymers including cellulose and lignin. For this purpose, enzymes are generally isolated from naturally occurring fungi or genetically engineered fungi and used in an aqueous medium. However, enzymatic delignification has been found to be very slow in these conditions, sometimes taking several months for completion. In this chapter, we highlight an environmentally friendly and efficient approach for enzymatic delignification of lignocellulosic biomass using room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) as (co)solvents or/and pretreatment agents. The method comprises pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass in IL-aqueous systems before enzymatic delignification, with the aim of overcoming the low delignification efficiency associated with low enzyme accessibility to the solid substrate and low substrate and product solubilities in aqueous systems. We believe the processes described here can play an important role in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass-the most abundant renewable biomaterial in the world-to biomaterials, biopolymers, biofuels, bioplastics, and hydrocarbons. Graphical Abstract.
Fulltext Microstructure and mechanical properties of hybrid super ElasticNiTi alloy with steel rebar for reinforced concrete beam

Nubailah Abd. Hamid, Muhammad Akmal Ahmad Shazalli, Muhammad Hussain Ismail, Azmi Ibrahim

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(107):89-100.
MyJurnal

NiTi is well known for its shape memory effect and super elasticity (SE), and is widely used in medical, dentistry and aerospace applications. For shape memory, NiTi has the ability to undergo deformation at certain temperature then recover to its original shape while SE occurs at narrow temperature range just above its transformation temperature. It shows that this material remembers its original shape and is elastic under stress. The application of nitinol as partial replacement in reinforced concrete beam for seismic resistant structures is popular due to it re-centring capability and distinctive properties. Using Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) in structures has its downsides. Hence, hybrid reinforced concrete beam with SMA was introduced to improve the structure’s ductility and energy dissipation. Hence, this research is aimed at distinguishing microstructure and mechanical properties of SMA and steel rebar. Not much is known about how SMA behaves when subjected to compression. Therefore, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was used to analyse if any secondary phase exists and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) test was used to analyse the phase transformation. The results showed hybrid NiTi-steel rebar can address some deficiencies of NiTi and in terms of costs. On the other hand, combining them will result in super elastic recovery, displacement ductility and strength capacity for seismic resistant design.
Fulltext Identification of hazardous nature of well drilling operation with associated potential hazards at oil and gas extraction industries: an explanatory approach

Muhammad Mujtaba Asad, Razali Hassan, Qadir Mehmood Soomro, Sherwani, F., Muhammad Aamir

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2016;13(2):85-92.
MyJurnal

This study illustrates about the most hazardous and risky activities associated with well drilling operation at on and offshore
oil and gas drilling sites by adopting exploratory research design (quantitative leading to qualitative). In this study researcher has
targeted three oil and gas industries each from Malaysia, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan for the identification of associated hazards
and nature of hazardous activities faced by drilling crew during well drilling operation. Eighty (80) drilling crew members have
been randomly selected for answering the survey questionnaire. Likewise, nine (09) drilling health and safety officials have been
conveniently selected based on their safety expertise in oil and gas drilling field for semi structured in-depth interview. For analyzing
quantitative findings descriptive statistical methods has been used. While for qualitative section thematic analysis approach has
been utilized. Based on the findings, respondents from Malaysian oil and gas industries reported starting drilling activity as highly
hazardous at onshore well drilling, while handling drilling pipe has been considered more hazardous activity at offshore domain.
Similarly, in the context of Saudi Arabia, respondents highlighted that the handling drilling pipes are cause of major injuries at onshore
well drilling site. Whereas drilling fluid preparation and coring process is considered harmful at offshore sites. In contrast, participant
from Pakistan indicated coring process as a highly hazardous activity at on and offshore well drilling operation. According to overall
results based on the participant response, oil and gas well drilling operation at onshore domain is considered more hazardous
at Pakistani oil and gas industry as compare to other targeted industries with mean range 3.42. While for offshore well drilling,
Malaysian industry is recorded highly hazardous as compare to others leading with mean value 3.39 and related with chemical and
safety hazards in well drilling activities.
Availability and affordability of life-saving vaccines

Khan MU, Ahmad A

Lancet Infect Dis, 2017 02;17(2):136-137.
PMID: 28134107 DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30014-2
Fulltext Chaos-Based Simultaneous Compression and Encryption for Hadoop

Usama M, Zakaria N

PLoS One, 2017;12(1):e0168207.
PMID: 28072850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168207

Data compression and encryption are key components of commonly deployed platforms such as Hadoop. Numerous data compression and encryption tools are presently available on such platforms and the tools are characteristically applied in sequence, i.e., compression followed by encryption or encryption followed by compression. This paper focuses on the open-source Hadoop framework and proposes a data storage method that efficiently couples data compression with encryption. A simultaneous compression and encryption scheme is introduced that addresses an important implementation issue of source coding based on Tent Map and Piece-wise Linear Chaotic Map (PWLM), which is the infinite precision of real numbers that result from their long products. The approach proposed here solves the implementation issue by removing fractional components that are generated by the long products of real numbers. Moreover, it incorporates a stealth key that performs a cyclic shift in PWLM without compromising compression capabilities. In addition, the proposed approach implements a masking pseudorandom keystream that enhances encryption quality. The proposed algorithm demonstrated a congruent fit within the Hadoop framework, providing robust encryption security and compression.
Recent Advances of Using Ionic Liquids for Biopolymer Extraction and Processing

Mahmood H, Moniruzzaman M

Biotechnol J, 2019 Dec;14(12):e1900072.
PMID: 31677240 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900072

The evolution of petroleum-derived polymers is one of the crowning accomplishments of the past century. Although the significant economic gains from this industrial model of resource utilization are achieved, the environmental impacts are fatal. One of the principles of sustainable development is to replace such polymers with potential alternatives derived from renewable materials. Biopolymers derived from natural resources afford a new, versatile, environmentally benign feedstock that could exhibit closed-loop life cycles as part of a future material's industrial ecology. However, the solubility and processability of biopolymer materials provoke a serious bottleneck owing to their dense networks of inter - and intramolecular bondings and structural heterogeneity. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as promising green solvents and acquired augmented appreciation for their peerless power of biopolymer processing. Among the fourteen principle of green chemistry, the two key elements encourage the exploitation of renewable raw materials by using environmentally benign solvents that cover in dissolution of biopolymers using ILs. This mini review represents a brief overview of the comprehensive ILs assisted extraction and processing of various biopolymeric materials for value-added applications.
Comparative effects of different soil conditioners on wheat growth and yield grown in saline-sodic soils

Zia-ur-Rehman M, Sabir M, Shahjahan, Ahmed HR, Muhammad Rizwan, Ali S

Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:339-346.

Among abiotic stresses, salinity is the main abiotic stress limiting crop growth and yield worldwide. Improving agri-food production in salt-prone areas is the key to meet the increasing food demands in near future. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different soil conditioners, gypsum (GYP), citric acid (CA), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in salinesodic soil. Gypsum was applied at a rate of 100% soil gypsum requirement while other amendments were applied each at a rate of 5 g kg-1 of soil. The results showed that EDTA treatment increased pH and electrical conductivity (ECe) of soil while pH significantly decreased when treated with citric acid. Soil sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) decreased in all treatments following the order: CT > PVA > EDTA > CA > GYP. Addition of CA positively affected growth parameters as compared to other soil conditioners including plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of spikes per plant, plant dry weight and grain yield while EDTA negatively affected these parameters. Addition of CA also significantly increased photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and chlorophyll contents while EDTA decreased these parameters. We conclude that increase in plant growth and yield with CA might be due to the effect of CA on soil properties which positively affected plant physiological parameters.
Kelakuan pengesanan tekanan bagi seramik natrium bismut titanat

Mohammad Hafizuddin Jumali, Mohd Riduan Mt Said, Ngoi YW, Muhammad Yahaya, Muhammad Mat Salleh

Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.

Satu kajian bagi menentukan kesan suhu ke atas mikrostruktur dan kelakuan pengesanan tekanan seramik Na0.45Bi0.55TiO3 (NBT) sebagai bahan piezoelektrik bebas plumbum telah dilakukan. Seramik NBT disediakan secara tindak balas keadaan pepejal daripada campuran serbuk Na2CO3, Bi2O3 dan TiO2. Campuran serbuk disinter pada tiga suhu yang berlainan iaitu 1100°C, 1200°C dan 1300°C selama 12 jam. Selepas disinter, serbuk NBT dikisar dan dimampatkan menjadi pelet berdiameter 13 mm diikuti pemanasan selama 2 jam pada 700oC. Mikrostruktur dan morfologi sampel masing-masing dikaji dengan menggunakan XRD dan SEM. Sifat pengesanan tekanan NBT diuji dengan menggunakan kebuk tekanan pneumatik. Analisis pembelauan sinar-X menunjukkan semua sampel mengandungi lebih 70% NBT berstruktur rombohedral sebagai fasa utama dan bakinya merupakan fasa sekunder Bi2Ti2O7 (BTO). Kenaikan suhu sinteran didapati meningkatkan kandungan fasa NBT di dalam sampel. Mikrograf SEM menunjukkan saiz butiran dan ketumpatan sampel semakin meningkat dengan pertambahan suhu sinteran. Ujian sifat pengesanan tekanan menunjukkan kesemua sampel memberi sambutan apabila voltan pemula diberikan. Berdasarkan faktor ketumpatan, kestabilan dan kebolehulangan sifat pengesanan tekanan, seramik NBT yang disinter pada suhu 1200oC merupakan seramik yang terbaik dan berpotensi digunakan sebagai sensor tekanan.
Electrical characterization of cross-linked ZnO nanostructures grown on Si and Si/SiO2 substrate

Chang FD, Burhanudin Yeop Majlis, Muhammad Mat Salleh, Muhammad Yahaya

Sains Malaysiana, 2008;37:233-237.

ZnO nanostructures were synthesized on Si and Si/SiO2 substrate by well established thermal-evaporation-deposition method which involves vapor-solid growth process for non–catalysts activated growth. Scanning electron micrograph shows difference type of ZnO nanostructures have been synthesized. Electrical I-V characterization was measured by using Al as electrode at room temperature. Schottky contacts were obtained for both contact of ZnO nanowires and Al. A symmetric metal-semiconductor-metal junction was obtained. A two-opposit-diode equivalent circuit was applied to explain this I-V characteristic.
Fulltext The role of TLR-4 in the immunomodulatory effects of recombinant BCG expressing MSP-1C of Plasmodium falciparum

Abbas MA, Suppian R

J Infect Dev Ctries, 2019 11 30;13(11):1057-1061.
PMID: 32087079 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.11331

INTRODUCTION: An earlier constructed recombinant BCG expressing the MSP-1C of Plasmodium falciparum, induced inflammatory responses leading to significant production of nitric oxide (NO) alongside higher expression of the enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and significant production of the regulatory cytokine, IL-10, indicating significant immunomodulatory effects of the construct. The mechanism of these responses had not been established but is thought to involve toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4).
METHODOLOGY: The present study was carried out to determine the role of TLR-4 on eliciting the immunomodulatory effects of recombinant BCG expressing MSP-1C of Plasmodium falciparum leading to the production of NO and IL-10, as well as the expression of iNOS. Six groups of mice (n = 6 per group) were immunised thrice, three weeks apart with intraperitoneal phosphate buffered saline T80 (PBS-T80), BCG or rBCG in the presence or absence of a TLR-4 inhibitor; TAK-242, given one hour prior to each immunisation. Peritoneal macrophages were harvested from the mice and cultured for the determination of NO, iNOS and IL-10 via Griess assay, ELISA and Western blot respectively.
RESULTS: The results showed significant inhibition of the production of NO and IL-10 and the expression of iNOS in all groups of mice in the presence of TAK-242.
CONCLUSIONS: These results presented evidence of the role of TLR-4/rBCG attachment mechanism in modulating the production of NO and IL-10 and the expression of iNOS in response to our rBCG-based malaria vaccine candidate expressing MSP-1C of P. falciparum.
Arabidopsis at2g02870 loss of function mutants lead to enhanced production of hydroperoxide lyase pathway genes and products

Muhammad Naeem-ul-Hassan, Zamri Zainal, Ismanizan Ismail, Nur Athirah Abd Hamid, Muhammad Sajad

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:3003-3008.

F-box proteins containing variable C-terminal domains make an essential part of SKP1-Cullin-Ring box-F box (SCF)
complex. SCF complex catalyzes the final step to link the ubiquitin tag with the target protein, destined for degradation,
through F-box protein that confer overall substrate specificity to the complex. In this study, we analyzed the role of
At2g02870, a Kelch containing F-box protein from Arabidopsis thaliana, by using reverse genetics strategy. At2g02870
loss of function mutant lines (at2g02870) were analyzed and compared with wild type plants for the expression of genes
and products of hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) branch of oxylipin pathway. We found that the at2g02870 plants have enhanced
expression of HPL pathway genes and produce more green leaf volatiles (GLV) than the wild type plants. Our results
suggested that the gene is involved in the regulation of HPL pathway, possibly through the degradation of enzymes or/
and the regulatory factors of the pathway.
Fulltext Strategies to improve communication management within virtual project teams

Nuzul Azam Haron, Law, Teik Hua, Salihudin Hassim, Eftekhari, Fathollah, Muhammad Tahir Muhammad, Aizul Nahar Harun

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2019;27(4):2015-2030.
MyJurnal

Working in a virtual team presents many challenges. Communication is one of the most important challenges, especially when a virtual team includes members from different countries and background. Virtual project management enables organizations to save on resources such as cost and time. Organizations often struggle with poor communication in their geographically dispersed teams and ineffective communication have been identified as one of the main causes project failure. The aim of this study is to determine the most critical barriers to effective communication in virtual teams. A mixed method of data collection was adopted using semi structured interview with communication and construction experts, and questionnaire approach with construction companies that are G5-G7 rated. Data were analyzed using pareto and exploratory factor analysis for the development of a strategy for enhancement of communication management within virtual teams. The result shows that lack of trust and misunderstanding are the most important barrier to communication within virtual teams. However, managing communication process has been identified to have more impact on the barriers, while planning communication has the least impact. Establishing rule for response and changing focus from individual to group were identified as the two most important factors required in order to sustain trust within virtual teams.
Multigene Expression Programming Based Forecasting the Hardened Properties of Sustainable Bagasse Ash Concrete

Amin MN, Khan K, Aslam F, Shah MI, Javed MF, Musarat MA, et al.

Materials (Basel), 2021 Sep 28;14(19).
PMID: 34640055 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195659

The application of multiphysics models and soft computing techniques is gaining enormous attention in the construction sector due to the development of various types of concrete. In this research, an improved form of supervised machine learning, i.e., multigene expression programming (MEP), has been used to propose models for the compressive strength (fc'), splitting tensile strength (fSTS), and flexural strength (fFS) of sustainable bagasse ash concrete (BAC). The training and testing of the proposed models have been accomplished by developing a reliable and comprehensive database from published literature. Concrete specimens with varying proportions of sugarcane bagasse ash (BA), as a partial replacement of cement, were prepared, and the developed models were validated by utilizing the results obtained from the tested BAC. Different statistical tests evaluated the accurateness of the models, and the results were cross-validated employing a k-fold algorithm. The modeling results achieve correlation coefficient (R) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) above 0.8 each with relative root mean squared error (RRMSE) and objective function (OF) less than 10 and 0.2, respectively. The MEP model leads in providing reliable mathematical expression for the estimation of fc', fSTS and fFS of BA concrete, which can reduce the experimental workload in assessing the strength properties. The study's findings indicated that MEP-based modeling integrated with experimental testing of BA concrete and further cross-validation is effective in predicting the strength parameters of BA concrete.
Fulltext Heating effect on quality characteristics of mixed canola cooking oils

Baig A, Zubair M, Sumrra SH, Nazar MF, Zafar MN, Jabeen K, et al.

BMC Chem, 2022 Jan 17;16(1):3.
PMID: 35039092 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00796-z

BACKGROUND: The subcontinent is famous for its variety of seasonal foods cooked in vegetable seed cooking oils at elevated heating. Oils are often of poor quality that effect to consumer health. The work, therefore, planned to examine the effects of heat on the quality of mixed canola cooking oils (MCCOs). MCCOs were analyzed by preparing volatile fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and for physiochemical properties.
RESULTS: A major change was observed in the FAs composition of various MCCOs as coded K-1 to K-5. MCCOs were found rich in unsaturated 9-octadecanoic acid (oleic acid C18:1) and 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid C18:2) along saturated octadecanoic acid (stearic acid C18:0). Results reveals that canola oil samples are mixed in the range of 4-30% with other vegetable oils and animal fats. The quality of canola cooking oils further reduced after heating to 100 °C, 200 °C and 350 °C, respectively. Quality parameters of MCCOs were significantly altered after heating and found as color (510-520 nm to 570-600 nm), mass 220-237 g to 210-225 g, volume 250 mL to 239 mL, pH (6.76-6.89), specific gravity (0.87-0.92), refractive index (1.471-1.475), saponification value (SV) (0.7-2.5), un-saponifiable matter (2.4-9.8%) and acid value (AV) (1.20-5.0 mg KOH).
CONCLUSION: Heating of oils at elevated temperature have shown a significant effect on pH, specific gravity and un-saponifiable matter (p-value
Fulltext Biobased Kapok Fiber Nano-Structure for Energy and Environment Application: A Critical Review

Zerga AY, Tahir M

Molecules, 2022 Nov 21;27(22).
PMID: 36432208 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228107

The increasing degradation of fossil fuels has motivated the globe to turn to green energy solutions such as biofuel in order to minimize the entire reliance on fossil fuels. Green renewable resources have grown in popularity in recent years as a result of the advancement of environmental technology solutions. Kapok fiber is a sort of cellulosic fiber derived from kapok tree seeds (Ceiba pentandra). Kapok Fiber, as a bio-template, offers the best alternatives to provide clean and renewable energy sources. The unique structure, good conductivity, and excellent physical properties exhibited by kapok fiber nominate it as a highly favored cocatalyst for deriving solar energy processes. This review will explore the role and recent developments of KF in energy production, including hydrogen and CO2 reduction. Moreover, this work summarized the potential of kapok fiber in environmental applications, including adsorption and degradation. The future contribution and concerns are highlighted in order to provide perspective on the future advancement of kapok fiber.

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