Displaying publications 181 - 200 of 1525 in total

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  1. Swami V, Tran US, Barron D, Afhami R, Aimé A, Almenara CA, et al.
    Body Image, 2020 Mar;32:199-217.
    PMID: 32032822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.01.006
    The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS) was established to assess women's breast size dissatisfaction and breasted experiences from a cross-national perspective. A total of 18,541 women were recruited from 61 research sites across 40 nations and completed measures of current-ideal breast size discrepancy, as well as measures of theorised antecedents (personality, Western and local media exposure, and proxies of socioeconomic status) and outcomes (weight and appearance dissatisfaction, breast awareness, and psychological well-being). In the total dataset, 47.5 % of women wanted larger breasts than they currently had, 23.2 % wanted smaller breasts, and 29.3 % were satisfied with their current breast size. There were significant cross-national differences in mean ideal breast size and absolute breast size dissatisfaction, but effect sizes were small (η2 = .02-.03). The results of multilevel modelling showed that greater Neuroticism, lower Conscientiousness, lower Western media exposure, greater local media exposure, lower financial security, and younger age were associated with greater breast size dissatisfaction across nations. In addition, greater absolute breast size dissatisfaction was associated with greater weight and appearance dissatisfaction, poorer breast awareness, and poorer psychological well-being across nations. These results indicate that breast size dissatisfaction is a global public health concern linked to women's psychological and physical well-being.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast*
  2. Lee M
    Family Practitioner, 1977;2:64-66.
    Some of the factors that could contribute towards influencing a mother's decision on breast-feeding and its success were discussed. One of the most important of such factors is the information and encouragement a mother receives, or fails to receive, when she needs it most. Such information, which is mostly non-medical, includes the technique of breast-feeding. Some of the negative influences on breast-feeding discussed include old wives' tales about diet and elements secreted through the mother's milk, the fear of losing one's figure, the fear by working mothers that breast-feeding is impossible to manage, the hospital practice of separating the mother and new-born for the first 24 hours, the shyness of breast-feeding babies in front of others, the lack of confidence in their own efficiency in breast-feeding, and the belief that breast-feeding is inconvenient. Some of the positive influences which can help towards successful preast-feeding are assistance and support from Breast-feeding Associations, a supportive husband and family, and the physician who makes a point of spending a few minutes to encourage his patient to breast-feed her forthcoming infant. The author called for combined efforts towards the restoration of breast-feeding as every infant's basic right.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast; Breast Feeding
  3. Tan KC
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms; Fibrocystic Breast Disease
  4. Nurulhuda, M. H., Norwati, D., Sit Norazlina, J., Husbani, M. A. R.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women in
    Malaysia, accounting to 32.1% of all cancer among women. Preventive activities of breast health especially
    mammogram screening was found to be effective in reducing the mortality and morbidities related to breast cancer. .
    However, the number of people who come for screening is still unsatisfactory. Many patients come in advanced stage
    of breast cancer attributed by lack of awareness and knowledge of the disease. The aim of this study was to introduce
    a multimodality online course on breast cancer and its screening; and to measure its effectiveness in providing the
    awareness and knowledge in breast cancer. Methodology: An online course was designed incorporating essential
    knowledge regarding breast cancer and its screening. Group sampling was done to sample 30 undergraduate students.
    Knowledge and awareness on breast cancer and its screening was measured using a validated questionnaire pre and
    post exposure to the online course. Results: There was significant difference in Pre- &Post-exposure test knowledge
    (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast; Breast Neoplasms
  5. Bicchierai G, Tonelli P, Piacenti A, De Benedetto D, Boeri C, Vanzi E, et al.
    Breast J, 2020 Jul;26(7):1276-1283.
    PMID: 31999029 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13766
    One of the most important indications for contrast-enhanced breast imaging is the presurgical breast cancer (BC) staging. This is a large-scale single-center experience which evaluates the role of CEDM in presurgical staging and its impact on surgical planning. The aims of this retrospective study were to define the diagnostic performance of CEDM in the presurgical setting and to identify which types of patients could benefit from having CEDM. We selected 326 patients with BC who underwent CEDM as preoperative staging and had breast cancer-related surgery at our institution. We analyzed those cases in which CEDM led to additional imaging or biopsy and those in which it changed the type of surgery that was planned according to conventional breast imaging (CI) techniques (digital mammography, tomosynthesis and bilateral handheld ultrasound). CEDM sensitivity in identifying the index lesion and sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values, and accuracy in the correct preoperative staging of BC of the whole population and in various subgroups were calculated. CEDM sensitivity for the index lesion was 98.8% (322/326), which led to additional breast imaging in 23.6% (77/326) of patients and additional biopsies in 17.5% (57/326). CEDM changed the type of surgery in 18.4% (60/326). In the preoperative breast cancer staging, CEDM sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy produced results of 93%, 98%, 90%, 98%, and 97%, respectively. CEDM performance was better in patients with palpable lesions. CEDM has an excellent diagnostic performance in the presurgical staging of BC. Symptomatic patients with palpable lesions benefitted most from preoperative CEDM, with a statistically significant difference compared with nonpalpable.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast; Breast Neoplasms
  6. Rufa’i AA, Yen SH, Wan Muda WAM
    MyJurnal
    Shift in the dispersion of breast cancer population continues to be a major health concern for women in the developing countries. However, prevalence and associated factors of physical activity among this population have not been explored in Malaysia. This study determined the profile and factors associated with physical activity in the breast cancer women. A multi-center cross-sectional survey was conducted among 399 breast cancer women. Socio-demographic questionnaire was used to generate socio-demographic and clinical data. Physical activity was assessed using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ-SF). Sociodemographic variables were summarized by descriptive statistics. Factors associated with physical activity were identified using Logistic regression analyses. Majority of the participants were married (83.9%), had surgery (92.4%) and menopause (74.1%). The overall physical activity prevalence was 39.4%. Non formal education (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 5.80; 95%CI: 1.65, 52.15;p=0.017), having had surgery (AOR 0.18; 95%CI: 0.04, 0.79; p=0.023),
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms*
  7. Foong SC, Tan ML, Foong WC, Ho JJ, Rahim FF
    Int Breastfeed J, 2021 01 06;16(1):4.
    PMID: 33407645 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-020-00353-1
    BACKGROUND: Ethnic Chinese mothers in Malaysia adhere to 30 days of traditional postpartum practices (the "confinement period") aimed at recuperation after delivery. Recently there has been an emergence of confinement centres (CCs) where mothers stay and receive traditional confinement care. Ethnic Chinese mothers have low breastfeeding rates. There are concerns that practices in CCs could contribute to this but no data exists. We described mothers' breastfeeding experiences at CCs and identified areas for potential improvement in breastfeeding support.

    METHODS: Ethnic Chinese mothers intending to breastfeed their healthy infants were recruited post-delivery between August and October 2017 then, at 1 and 6 months, they were telephone interviewed about their experience. For every participant going to a CC after the birth, another mother going home ("home") for her confinement was recruited. Chi-square test was used to compare groups and multiple logistic regression was used to assess the effect of confinement place on exclusive breastfeeding.

    RESULTS: Of 187 mothers, 88 (47%) went to CCs. Significantly more were primipara and fewer had previous breastfeeding experience. Response rates for the 1- and 6- month interviews were 88% (CC) versus 97% (home); and 77% (CC) versus 87% (home) respectively. Exclusive breastfeeding rates were similar between the groups: 62% (CC) versus 56% (home) at 1 month (p = 0.4); and 37% (CC) versus 42% (home) at 6 months (p = 0.5). Multiple logistic regression did not show that CCs were a factor affecting exclusive breastfeeding rates at 1 month, (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9, 3.3), or 6 months (aOR 0.9, 95% CI 0.4, 1.7). However, significantly more CC participants only fed expressed breast milk. Despite 66% of CC participants reporting that their centre supported breastfeeding, only 6 (8%) CC participants compared to 66 (69%) of home participants roomed-in with their baby (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Feeding*
  8. Swami V, Todd J, Tylka TL
    Body Image, 2022 Dec;43:275-291.
    PMID: 36206650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.09.007
    Existing measures of women's breasted experiences have focused on negative experiences, which de-centres women's meaning-making and relationships with their breasts. To rectify this, we developed a novel measure of women's positive breasted experiences, the Breast Appreciation Scale (BrAS), and examined the psychometric properties of this novel measure across four studies. Study 1, with 307 United Kingdom women, led to the extraction of a 9-item, unidimensional model of BrAS scores that showed adequate composite reliability and 4-week test-retest reliability. Study 2, with 297 United Kingdom women, showed that the unidimensional model of BrAS scores had adequate fit and evidenced convergent, concurrent, discriminant, and incremental validity. Study 3, with 295 women from the United Kingdom, provided additional support for factorial validity and concurrent validity, and additionally provided evidence of known-groups validity insofar as mothers had greater breast appreciation than non-mothers. Study 4 showed that the BrAS was scalar invariant across women from Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States (N = 573) and provided additional evidence of concurrent validity. Based on these results, we conclude that the BrAS is a psychometrically valid measure of women's positive breasted experiences that can be utilised in future research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast*
  9. Al-Amin M, Eltayeb NM, Hossain CF, Khairuddean M, Fazalul Rahiman SS, Salhimi SM
    Planta Med, 2020 Apr;86(6):387-394.
    PMID: 32168546 DOI: 10.1055/a-1129-7026
    Zingiber montanum rhizomes are traditionally used for the treatment of numerous human ailments. The present study was carried out to investigate the inhibitory activity of the crude extract, chromatographic fractions, and purified compounds from Z. montanum rhizomes on the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. The effect of the extract on cell migration was investigated by a scratch assay, which showed significant inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner. Vacuum liquid chromatography on silica gel afforded four fractions (Frs. 1 - 4), which were tested on cell migration in the scratch assay. Frs. 1 and 2 showed the most significant inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cell migration. The effect of the most potent fraction (Fr. 2) was further confirmed in a transwell migration assay. The study of Frs. 1 and 2 by gelatin zymography showed significant inhibition of MMP-9 enzyme activity. Chromatographic separation of Frs. 1 and 2 afforded buddledone A (1: ), zerumbone (2: ), (2E,9E)-6-methoxy-2,9-humuradien-8-one (3: ), zerumbone epoxide (4: ), stigmasterol (5: ), and daucosterol (6: ). In a cell viability assay, compounds 1:  - 4: inhibited the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The study of buddledone A (1: ) and zerumbone epoxide (4: ) on cell migration revealed that 4: significantly inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells in both scratch and transwell migration assays. The results of the present study may lead to further molecular studies behind the inhibitory activity of zerumbone epoxide (4: ) on cell migration and support the traditional use of Z. montanum rhizomes for the treatment of cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms*
  10. Sharini S, Norie AK, Haida H
    MyJurnal
    Lactiferous or milk fistula is a tract between the skin and lactiferous duct. Chronic lactiferous duct is uncommon and generally formed during lactating period. It commonly result from complication of the surgical intervention, such as excision biopsy of breast mass or incision and drainage (I&D) for breast abscess. We reported a case of chronic lactiferous fistula secondary to previous I&D for breast abscess in 31 year old lactating woman.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast; Breast Diseases
  11. Lee YL, Islam T, Danaee M, Taib NA, MyBCC study group
    PLoS One, 2022;17(11):e0277982.
    PMID: 36409745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277982
    Regular physical activity (PA) after a breast cancer diagnosis is associated with reduced mortality and better quality of life. In this prospective cohort study, we aimed to explore the trends of PA among breast cancer survivors over three years and identify factors associated with low PA. Interviews on 133 breast cancer patients were conducted at baseline, one and three years after the diagnosis of breast cancer at University Malaya Medical Centre in Kuala Lumpur. Physical activity was measured by using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. PA was categorised as active (≥ 600 MET-min/week) and inactive (<600 MET-min/week). We used the generalised estimating equation method to examine PA levels and factors affecting PA longitudinally. The survivors' mean age was 56.89 (±10.56) years; half were Chinese (50.4%), and 70.7% were married. At baseline, 48.1% of the patients were active, but the proportion of active patients declined to 39.8% at one year and 35.3% in the third year. The mean total PA decreased significantly from 3503±6838.3 MET-min/week to 1494.0±2679.8 MET-min/week (one year) and 792.5±1364 MET-min/week (three years) (p<0.001). Three years after diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.74, p = 0.021); Malay ethnicity (AOR: 1.86, p = 0.042) and being underweight (AOR: 3.43, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with inactivity. We demonstrated that breast cancer survivors in Malaysia had inadequate PA levels at diagnosis, which decreased over time. Thus, it is vital to communicate about the benefits of PA on cancer outcomes and continue to encourage breast cancer survivors to be physically active throughout the extended survivorship period, especially in the Malay ethnic group and underweight patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms*
  12. Abunasser BS, Al-Hiealy MRJ, Zaqout IS, Abu-Naser SS
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2023 Feb 01;24(2):531-544.
    PMID: 36853302 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.2.531
    OBJECTIVE: Early detection and precise diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) plays an essential part in enhancing the diagnosis and improving the breast cancer survival rate of patients from 30 to 50%. Through the advances of technology in healthcare, deep learning takes a significant role in handling and inspecting a great number of X-ray, MRI, CTR images.  The aim of this study is to propose a deep learning model (BCCNN) to detect and classify breast cancers into eight classes: benign adenosis (BA), benign fibroadenoma (BF), benign phyllodes tumor (BPT), benign tubular adenoma (BTA), malignant ductal carcinoma (MDC), malignant lobular carcinoma (MLC), malignant mucinous carcinoma (MMC), and malignant papillary carcinoma (MPC).

    METHODS: Breast cancer MRI images were classified into BA, BF, BPT, BTA, MDC, MLC, MMC, and MPC using a proposed Deep Learning model with additional 5 fine-tuned Deep learning models consisting of Xception, InceptionV3, VGG16, MobileNet and ResNet50 trained on ImageNet database. The dataset was collected from Kaggle depository for breast cancer detection and classification. That Dataset was boosted using GAN technique. The images in the dataset have 4 magnifications (40X, 100X, 200X, 400X, and Complete Dataset). Thus we evaluated the proposed Deep Learning model and 5 pre-trained models using each dataset individually. That means we carried out a total of 30 experiments. The measurement that was used in the evaluation of all models includes: F1-score, recall, precision, accuracy.

    RESULTS: The classification F1-score accuracies of Xception, InceptionV3, ResNet50, VGG16, MobileNet, and Proposed Model (BCCNN) were 97.54%, 95.33%, 98.14%, 97.67%, 93.98%, and 98.28%, respectively.

    CONCLUSION: Dataset Boosting, preprocessing and balancing played a good role in enhancing the detection and classification of breast cancer of the proposed model (BCCNN) and the fine-tuned pre-trained models' accuracies greatly. The best accuracies were attained when the 400X magnification of the MRI images due to their high images resolution.

    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast*
  13. Pérez-Escamilla R, Tomori C, Hernández-Cordero S, Baker P, Barros AJD, Bégin F, et al.
    Lancet, 2023 Feb 11;401(10375):472-485.
    PMID: 36764313 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01932-8
    In this Series paper, we examine how mother and baby attributes at the individual level interact with breastfeeding determinants at other levels, how these interactions drive breastfeeding outcomes, and what policies and interventions are necessary to achieve optimal breastfeeding. About one in three neonates in low-income and middle-income countries receive prelacteal feeds, and only one in two neonates are put to the breast within the first hour of life. Prelacteal feeds are strongly associated with delayed initiation of breastfeeding. Self-reported insufficient milk continues to be one of the most common reasons for introducing commercial milk formula (CMF) and stopping breastfeeding. Parents and health professionals frequently misinterpret typical, unsettled baby behaviours as signs of milk insufficiency or inadequacy. In our market-driven world and in violation of the WHO International Code for Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes, the CMF industry exploits concerns of parents about these behaviours with unfounded product claims and advertising messages. A synthesis of reviews between 2016 and 2021 and country-based case studies indicate that breastfeeding practices at a population level can be improved rapidly through multilevel and multicomponent interventions across the socioecological model and settings. Breastfeeding is not the sole responsibility of women and requires collective societal approaches that take gender inequities into consideration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Feeding*
  14. Baker P, Smith JP, Garde A, Grummer-Strawn LM, Wood B, Sen G, et al.
    Lancet, 2023 Feb 11;401(10375):503-524.
    PMID: 36764315 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01933-X
    Despite increasing evidence about the value and importance of breastfeeding, less than half of the world's infants and young children (aged 0-36 months) are breastfed as recommended. This Series paper examines the social, political, and economic reasons for this problem. First, this paper highlights the power of the commercial milk formula (CMF) industry to commodify the feeding of infants and young children; influence policy at both national and international levels in ways that grow and sustain CMF markets; and externalise the social, environmental, and economic costs of CMF. Second, this paper examines how breastfeeding is undermined by economic policies and systems that ignore the value of care work by women, including breastfeeding, and by the inadequacy of maternity rights protection across the world, especially for poorer women. Third, this paper presents three reasons why health systems often do not provide adequate breastfeeding protection, promotion, and support. These reasons are the gendered and biomedical power systems that deny women-centred and culturally appropriate care; the economic and ideological factors that accept, and even encourage, commercial influence and conflicts of interest; and the fiscal and economic policies that leave governments with insufficient funds to adequately protect, promote, and support breastfeeding. We outline six sets of wide-ranging social, political, and economic reforms required to overcome these deeply embedded commercial and structural barriers to breastfeeding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Feeding*
  15. Rahman H, Naik Bukht TF, Ahmad R, Almadhor A, Javed AR
    Comput Intell Neurosci, 2023;2023:7717712.
    PMID: 36909966 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7717712
    Medical image analysis places a significant focus on breast cancer, which poses a significant threat to women's health and contributes to many fatalities. An early and precise diagnosis of breast cancer through digital mammograms can significantly improve the accuracy of disease detection. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems must analyze the medical imagery and perform detection, segmentation, and classification processes to assist radiologists with accurately detecting breast lesions. However, early-stage mammography cancer detection is certainly difficult. The deep convolutional neural network has demonstrated exceptional results and is considered a highly effective tool in the field. This study proposes a computational framework for diagnosing breast cancer using a ResNet-50 convolutional neural network to classify mammogram images. To train and classify the INbreast dataset into benign or malignant categories, the framework utilizes transfer learning from the pretrained ResNet-50 CNN on ImageNet. The results revealed that the proposed framework achieved an outstanding classification accuracy of 93%, surpassing other models trained on the same dataset. This novel approach facilitates early diagnosis and classification of malignant and benign breast cancer, potentially saving lives and resources. These outcomes highlight that deep convolutional neural network algorithms can be trained to achieve highly accurate results in various mammograms, along with the capacity to enhance medical tools by reducing the error rate in screening mammograms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms*
  16. Anandan A, Athirah Daud NA, Vicknasingam B, Narayanan S, Azman A, Singh D
    J Ethn Subst Abuse, 2023;22(4):766-781.
    PMID: 34965841 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2021.2019162
    Females who use drugs (FWUDs) are at risk of continuing illicit substance use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. We investigated the prevalence rates and factors associated with these practices in a sample of 200 FWUDs recruited from a publicly-run drug rehabilitation center. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The majority (86%) was Malay (n = 171/200), currently single (71%, n = 141/200), and 51% had nine years of education. The mean age of respondents was 32.2 years (SD = 8.61). Thirty-eight percent (n = 75/200) reported ever using illicit substances during pregnancy, while 15% (n = 30/200) had used them during breastfeeding. Higher odds of using drugs during pregnancy were associated with having an intimate male drug-using partner and with persons who reported abandoning an infant in the past. Lower odds were linked with women who used heroin with ATS (relative to those who used only ATS), and shorter-term ATS (≤3 years) relative to long term ATS users. At a lower level of significance (p = 0.054), being married also lowered the odds. Higher odds of drug use during breastfeeding were associated with having an intimate male drug-using partner, and previous methadone use history, while lower odds were associated with short-term ATS use and being employed. The findings highlight the need for timely and targeted interventions to inform, engage and promote the participation of FWUDs in pre- and post-natal care services.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Feeding*
  17. Nik Ab Kadir MN, Yaacob NM, Yusof SN, Ab Hadi IS, Musa KI, Mohd Isa SA, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Nov 20;19(22).
    PMID: 36430052 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215335
    Prediction of survival probabilities based on models developed by other countries has shown inconsistent findings among Malaysian patients. This study aimed to develop predictive models for survival among women with breast cancer in Malaysia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving patients who were diagnosed between 2012 and 2016 in seven breast cancer centres, where their survival status was followed until 31 December 2021. A total of 13 predictors were selected to model five-year survival probabilities by applying Cox proportional hazards (PH), artificial neural networks (ANN), and decision tree (DT) classification analysis. The random-split dataset strategy was used to develop and measure the models' performance. Among 1006 patients, the majority were Malay, with ductal carcinoma, hormone-sensitive, HER2-negative, at T2-, N1-stage, without metastasis, received surgery and chemotherapy. The estimated five-year survival rate was 60.5% (95% CI: 57.6, 63.6). For Cox PH, the c-index was 0.82 for model derivation and 0.81 for validation. The model was well-calibrated. The Cox PH model outperformed the DT and ANN models in most performance indices, with the Cox PH model having the highest accuracy of 0.841. The accuracies of the DT and ANN models were 0.811 and 0.821, respectively. The Cox PH model is more useful for survival prediction in this study's setting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms*
  18. Z S, S S, N A H, S A I
    J Hum Lact, 2023 Nov;39(4):701-710.
    PMID: 37675867 DOI: 10.1177/08903344231195580
    BACKGROUND: With the advancement of antiretroviral therapy scale-up, it is possible for women living with HIV to breastfeed safely. However, this practice has not been adopted in Malaysia. Instead, infants are provided with subsidized human milk substitutes for their first 2 years of life.

    RESEARCH AIM: This study describes the infant feeding experiences of women living with HIV in Malaysia.

    METHODS: From August to October 2021, a nationwide, community-based qualitative study was conducted among women living with HIV and who received care from the Malaysian Ministry of Health. Using purposive sampling, participants who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. Interview and focus group transcripts were coded based on a secondary thematic analysis.

    RESULTS: Six in-depth interviews and five focus group discussions were conducted among 32 participants. Study participants were mostly Malay secondary school graduates in their 30s and 40s. Due to the fear of vertical transmission, which was explained by healthcare providers to the participants, none of the women breastfed their infants. The three primary themes that emerged from analyzing the women's infant feeding experiences were (1) a human milk substitute was the only option and was encouraged; (2) feeding infants with a human milk substitute made the women feel incomplete as mothers; and (3) the women encountered difficulties in obtaining the subsidized human milk substitute.

    CONCLUSION: Women living with HIV in Malaysia have been advised to provide human milk substitutes to their infants in fear of HIV transmission.

    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Feeding*
  19. Tan ML, Mohd Shukri IA, Ho JJ, O'Sullivan EJ, Omer-Salim A, McAuliffe FM
    Matern Child Nutr, 2024 Apr;20(2):e13608.
    PMID: 38100143 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13608
    A breastfeeding-friendly city is one where there is an enabling environment to support breastfeeding throughout the first 2 years or more of a child's life. Indicators of a breastfeeding-friendly city have yet to be identified. What are the indicators or criteria used to define breastfeeding friendliness in a geographic area such as a city and the settings within, which we have classified as community, healthcare and workplace? Three major databases and grey literature were searched. Records were screened to identify publications describing criteria such as indicators or descriptions of a breastfeeding-friendly setting, defined as 'criteria-sets'. These criteria-sets were then categorized and summarized by settings. The search up to 2 September 2021 found 119 criteria-sets from a range of settings: geographic locations (n = 33), community entities (n = 24), healthcare facilities (n = 28), workplaces (n = 28) and others (n = 6). Overall, 15 community, 22 healthcare and 9 workplace related criteria were extracted from the criteria-sets. Criteria that were consistently present in all settings were policy, training & education, skilled breastfeeding support and physical infrastructure. Some criteria-sets of geographic locations contained criteria only from a single setting (e.g., the presence of breastfeeding-friendly cafes). Criteria-sets were present for all settings as defined in this review, but few were actual indicators. Specifically, there were no existing indicators of a breastfeeding-friendly city. Several common components of the criteria-sets were identified, and these could be used in developing indicators of a breastfeeding-friendly city. Future studies should determine which of these are important and how each can be measured.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Feeding*
  20. Chung FF, Maldonado SG, Nemc A, Bouaoun L, Cahais V, Cuenin C, et al.
    Clin Epigenetics, 2023 Jun 12;15(1):102.
    PMID: 37309009 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01509-6
    BACKGROUND: Epigenetic alterations are a near-universal feature of human malignancy and have been detected in malignant cells as well as in easily accessible specimens such as blood and urine. These findings offer promising applications in cancer detection, subtyping, and treatment monitoring. However, much of the current evidence is based on findings in retrospective studies and may reflect epigenetic patterns that have already been influenced by the onset of the disease.

    METHODS: Studying breast cancer, we established genome-scale DNA methylation profiles of prospectively collected buffy coat samples (n = 702) from a case-control study nested within the EPIC-Heidelberg cohort using reduced representation bisulphite sequencing (RRBS).

    RESULTS: We observed cancer-specific DNA methylation events in buffy coat samples. Increased DNA methylation in genomic regions associated with SURF6 and REXO1/CTB31O20.3 was linked to the length of time to diagnosis in the prospectively collected buffy coat DNA from individuals who subsequently developed breast cancer. Using machine learning methods, we piloted a DNA methylation-based classifier that predicted case-control status in a held-out validation set with 76.5% accuracy, in some cases up to 15 years before clinical diagnosis of the disease.

    CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our findings suggest a model of gradual accumulation of cancer-associated DNA methylation patterns in peripheral blood, which may be detected long before clinical manifestation of cancer. Such changes may provide useful markers for risk stratification and, ultimately, personalized cancer prevention.

    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms*
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