Displaying publications 181 - 200 of 426 in total

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  1. Ghazali, N., Ismail, S.M., Abdul Rahman, Z.A.
    Ann Dent, 2001;8(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    Mental nerve neuropathy is an important presenting complaint that may be encountered by dental surgeons in their daily practise. There are various pathological processes that could bring about this symptom, ranging. from simple dental cause to vague, life threatening diseases. We present three cases of mental paraesthesia of different aetiologies. A literature review on mental nerve neuropathy related to malignancies and infection is discussed. The importance of a thorough chair side history taking, clinical examination and relevant investigations are emphasised in a suggested clinical approach to obtaining the diagnosis of a numb chin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
  2. Thong MK
    JUMMEC, 2012;15(2):1-8.
    MyJurnal
    The story of clinical genetics is a relatively new one, first spearheaded by paediatrics but increasingly, has taken root in all branches of medicine leading to ‘personalised medicine’. There are expectations that this revolution in genetics will pave the way to genomic medicine and a cure for all inherited disorders. The development of the field of Clinical Genetics and genetic counselling in Malaysia is still in its infancy. Using evidence-based data on genetic disorders such as birth defects, inborn errors of metabolism, genetic syndromes, neurological disorders and hereditary cancers, that hitherto have not been well documented in Malaysia, this review article will focus on findings and issues that will present a unique insight and opportunity to understanding the complex genetic counselling issues related to clinical genetics in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases
  3. Idrose AM
    Acute medicine & surgery, 2015 07;2(3):147-157.
    PMID: 29123713 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.104
    Thyroid hormones affect all organ systems and, in excess, can cause increased metabolic rate, heart rate, ventricle contractility, and gastrointestinal motility as well as muscle and central nervous system excitability. Thyroid storm is the extreme manifestation of thyrotoxicosis with an estimated incidence of 0.20 per 100,000 per year among hospitalized patients in Japan. The mortality of thyroid storm without treatment ranges from 80% to 100%; but with treatment, the mortality rate is between 10% and 50%. The diagnostic strategy for thyroid storm may take into consideration Burch-Wartofsky scoring or Akamizu's diagnostic criteria. Multiple treatment aims need to be addressed in managing thyroid storm effectively. This paper puts together all aspects to be considered for the management of hyperthyroidism and thyroid storm during the acute and emergency phase as well as consideration of special populations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System
  4. Lim SY, Tan AH, Lim JL, Ahmad-Annuar A
    J Mov Disord, 2018 May;11(2):87-88.
    PMID: 29860787 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.18004
    Purposeless groaning has been reported in advanced progressive supranuclear palsy. We present a case of purposeless groaning occurring as a primary complaint in a patient with advanced Parkinson's disease. Purposeless groaning is thought to be a manifestation of disinhibition and perseveration due to frontal-subcortical dysfunction. Proper recognition of this phenomenon will help clinicians to avoid unnecessary investigations and treatment (e.g., prescription of opioid medications).
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Physiological Phenomena
  5. Singh J, Ahmad N, Chai YC
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2017;18(1):107-113.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: Pathological laughter, pseudobulbar affect or a myriad of its other synonyms, is a condition common secondary to neurological injury, presenting with uncontrolled laughing or crying, appearing to be mood-incongruent and significantly debilitating. The objective of this case report is to highlight a rare case of pathological laughter associated with Cerebral Lupus.
    Methods: We report a case of a 27-year-old lady presenting with signs and symptoms of stroke with dysarthria progressing to aphasia and then pathological laughter, with an underlying poorly controlled Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, manifesting as Cerebral Lupus.
    Results: An improvement in affect congruency followed by decreased frequency of outbreaks among bouts of pathological laughter.
    Conclusion: The combination of Escitalopram and Topiramate is effective in the symptomatic treatment of Pathological Laughter.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System
  6. Wong, L. K. S., Muthupalaniappen, L., Tie, S. T.
    Medicine & Health, 2017;12(2):275-285.
    MyJurnal
    Adult influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations are grossly underutilized although there is clear benefit in reducing mortality and morbidity among those at risk. The aim of the study was to assess primary care physician’s knowledge on adult influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations, their beliefs and barriers to vaccination. A cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires was conducted at eight primary care centres in Kuching, Sarawak. A total of 108 primary care physicians participated in this study. Median age of participants was 29 years (IQR 4.0). The median knowledge score for influenza vaccine was 9 (IQR 3) and for pneumococcal vaccine was 8 (IQR 4). Female participants scored higher compared to their male counterparts for influenza and pneumococcal vaccines (P = 0.005 & 0.007). The highest percentage of correct responses for influenza vaccination was for side effects (75.3%) while the lowest was for contraindications (9.3%). The highest percentage of correct responses for pneumococcal vaccination was for side effects (69.1%) while the lowest was for advocated target groups (6.2%). Most participants believed that pneumococcal and influenza vaccines were safe (92.8 & 99%) and beneficial for patients (89.7 & 93.8%). Cost of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines (94.8% & 96.9%) and their availability (86.6% & 89.7%) were the main barriers to prescribing them. Primary care physicians in the public sector have moderate knowledge of both adult vaccinations. Areas of knowledge paucity and barriers need to be addressed to ensure a more comprehensive health care delivery to the aging Malaysian population.
    Keywords: adult, belief, influenza vaccines, knowledge, pneumococcal vaccines
    Matched MeSH terms: Autonomic Nervous System Diseases
  7. Othman FN, Muthuraju S, Noor SSM, Abdullah S, Mohd Yusoff AA, Tharakan J, et al.
    Tuberculosis (Edinb), 2018 09;112:45-51.
    PMID: 30205968 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.07.007
    The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of the angiogenic marker vascular endothelia growth factor (VEGF) and apoptotic markers of Bcl-2 and Bax in the neurons and astrocytes in the brain infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The immunohistochemistry staining was performed to analyze the expression of the VEGF, Bcl-2 and Bax in the astrocytes and neurons. The expression of VEGF was high in neurons and astrocytes in both the infected brain and control tissues with no difference of angiogenic activity (p = 0.40). Higher Bcl-2 expression was seen in astrocytes of infected brain tissues compared to the control tissues (p = 0.004) promoted a higher anti-apoptotic activity in astrocytes. The neurons expressed strong Bax expression in the infected brain tissues compared to the control tissues (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System/metabolism*; Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System/microbiology; Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System/pathology
  8. Ahmed, M., Huq, M.S., Ibrahim, B.S.K.K., Ahmed, A.
    Movement Health & Exercise, 2018;7(1):211-223.
    MyJurnal
    Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) can be used to revive movement
    functions of the human body to a certain degree which was lost due to
    occurrences of the nervous system disorders resulting from accidents or
    diseases. It can also be employed for gait rehabilitation as well as therapy.
    Control systems could be employed to improve on the FES-induced motion,
    and the closed-loop was targeted due to its advantages. Based on the papers
    reviewed, studies have shown that the linear control schemes are popular for
    movement restoration in the lower limb, but mostly for continuous standing
    contributing to mainly the stance phase. Therefore, a myriad of limitations
    was observed which include: the need for using improved sensors, re-tuning
    for every subject, tests conducted using patient with more straightforward
    ailments, complexity in implementation and most importantly is the issue of
    stability. The swing phase of gait movement and the full walking motion have
    more complex dynamics and coupled with the nature of the plant (human with
    nervous system disorder and the neuromuscular structure) could render the
    linear control method obsolete or unsuitable. Hence, there is a need to
    investigate other techniques such as the nonlinear and intelligent control
    methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases
  9. Sampath Kumar A, Arun Maiya G, Shastry BA, Vaishali K, Maiya S, Umakanth S
    Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2018 10 10;13(1):344-348.
    PMID: 30641723 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.10.005
    BACKGROUND: Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) means the amount of energy utilized by body in physical and psychological resting rate, after a night sleep, awake without any previous physical activity post meal (10 h after last meal) & neutral environment. In people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) there is an increase in BMR which is said to be associated with the level of glycaemic control. So, the objective of the study was to find out the correlation between BMR, Insulin resistance and Visceral fat in T2DM with peripheral neuropathy.

    MATERIALS & METHODS: A total of 50 participants with T2DM with peripheral neuropathy were included. Age group of 30-75 years were selected for the study. Participants with a known history of neurological disease, locomotor disability, and pregnancy were excluded from the study. Demographic details of the participants like duration of diabetes mellitus, age, Fasting Blood Glucose, Fasting Insulin, HOMA-IR, Glycated Haemoglobin (HBA1c), Neuropathy and Blood pressure values were noted. We measured Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) by using Mifflin-St Jeor predictive equation in T2DM with peripheral neuropathy.

    RESULTS: The mean age of the participants is 60.16 ± 10.62. The mean duration of T2DM 13.44 ± 11.92. In the present study we found a statistical significant correlation between BMR and HOMA IR (r = 0.913*; p = 0.000), BMR & Fasting blood sugar (FBS) (r = 0.281*; p = 0.048), BMR and Visceral fat (VF) (r = 0.332*; p = 0.018).

    CONCLUSION: Basal metabolic rate is correlated to Homa-IR, visceral fat, fasting blood sugar and musculoskeletal mass among T2DM with peripheral neuropathy.

    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/metabolism; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/pathology*
  10. Nik Mohamed Kamal NNSB, Shahidan WNS
    Front Pharmacol, 2019;10:1500.
    PMID: 32038230 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01500
    MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs with approximately 19-25 nucleotides that are involved in regulating a range of developmental and physiological processes. Non-exosomal circulating and exosomal miRNAs have also been proposed to be useful in diagnostics as biomarkers for diseases and different types of cancer. In this review, the quantity of miRNAs and of reliable experimental data analyses of miRNAs that come from exosomal and non-exosomal sources are discussed from the perspective of their use as biomarkers for cancer and other diseases, including viral infections, nervous system disorders, cardiovascular disorders, and diabetes. We summarize other research findings regarding the use of miRNA from these two sources as biomarkers in diagnostics and clinical use. The challenges in using miRNA from these two sources in cancer and disease diagnostics are evaluated and discussed. Validation of specific miRNA signatures as biomarkers is a critical milestone in diagnostics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases
  11. Cohen C, Moreira ED, Nañez H, Nachiappan JP, Arvinder-Singh HS, Huoi C, et al.
    Vaccine, 2019 03 22;37(13):1868-1875.
    PMID: 30826144 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.087
    BACKGROUND: The background incidence of viscerotropic- (VLD) and neurotropic-like disease (NLD) unrelated to immunization in dengue-endemic countries is currently unknown.

    METHODS: This retrospective population-based analysis estimated crude and standardized incidences of VLD and NLD in twelve hospitals in Brazil (n = 3), Mexico (n = 3), and Malaysia (n = 6) over a 1-year period before the introduction of the tetravalent dengue vaccine. Catchment areas were estimated using publicly available population census information and administrative data. The denominator population for incidence rates was calculated, and sensitivity analyses assessed the impact of important assumptions.

    RESULTS: Total cases adjudicated as definite VLD were 5, 57, and 56 in Brazil, Mexico, and Malaysia, respectively. Total cases adjudicated as definite NLD were 103, 29, and 26 in Brazil, Mexico, and Malaysia, respectively. Crude incidence rates of cases adjudicated as definite VLD in Brazil, Mexico, and Malaysia were 1.17, 2.60, and 1.48 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. Crude incidence rates of cases adjudicated as definite NLD in Brazil, Mexico, and Malaysia were 4.45, 1.32, and 0.69 per 100,000 person-years, respectively.

    CONCLUSIONS: Background incidence estimates of VLD and NLD obtained in Mexico, Brazil, and Malaysia could provide context for cases occurring after the introduction of the tetravalent dengue vaccine.

    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis; Nervous System Diseases/etiology*; Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology*
  12. Hughes W
    Matched MeSH terms: Lead Poisoning, Nervous System
  13. Viswanathan S, Hiew FL
    J Clin Apher, 2019 Aug;34(4):434-444.
    PMID: 30829434 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21696
    There has been an increase in the use of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in immune-mediated neurological disorders in recent years. However, accessibility and availability of TPE remains low and costly, especially for a country with limited healthcare funding like Malaysia. With expanding clinical indications in neurological disorders, and increasingly expensive conventional immunomodulatory treatment such as intravenous immunoglobulin and monoclonal antibodies, TPE remains an effective part of first or second-line treatment. In this article, we detailed the historical aspects of the use of TPE in neurological disorders in Malaysia over the last four decades and discussed the challenges behind the establishment of the first in-house neurology-driven TPE service in the country. Local TPE database from a national neurology centre in Kuala Lumpur over the past 20 years was analyzed. We observed a remarkable three folds increase in the use of TPE at our center over the past 10 years (total 131 TPE treatments) compared to a decade prior, with expanding clinical indications predominantly for central nervous system demyelinating disorders. Besides using membrane filtration method, centrifugal technique was adopted, providing new opportunities for other clinical beneficiaries such as a neurologist driven "in-house TPE unit". However, there were real world challenges, especially having to provide services with limited funding, human resources, and space. In addition, much has to be done to improve accessibility, availability, and sustainability of TPE services at our center and nationwide. Nevertheless, even with limited resources and support, it is possible with concerted efforts to work within the confines of these limitations to establish a safe, successful, and sustainable TPE service.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Diseases/therapy; Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System/therapy
  14. Nayak SB, Soumya KV
    Anat Cell Biol, 2020 Mar;53(1):114-116.
    PMID: 32274257 DOI: 10.5115/acb.19.186
    Nerve to mylohyoid is a branch of inferior alveolar nerve. It arises in the infratemporal fossa and runs in the mylohyoid groove of mandible to reach the submandibular region, where it supplies the anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid muscles. Though sensory distribution of this nerve have been described, it is predominantly a motor nerve. Here, a rare intra-mandibular origin of nerve to mylohyoid has been presented. This nerve arose from the inferior alveolar nerve inside the mandible and came out to the submandibular region by passing through a small foramen present on the medial surface of the body of the mandible. It ended by supplying the anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid muscles. The knowledge of this variation could be of importance to maxillofacial surgeons and radiologists.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System
  15. Teh BT, Wan Azman WA, Thuraisingham S, Choy AM, Tan KH, Jesudason P, et al.
    JUMMEC, 1999;4:26-33.
    Activation of the synlpathetic nervous system (SNS) and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology and progression of the disease in chronic heart failure (CHF). Blocking the activation of the RAS with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors not only improves sylnptonls but also prolongs life in symptomatic CHF. Does a similar analogy hold true for the use of ß-blockers in CHF? Evidence from a number of small trials and several recent large prospective trials show that b-blockers may improve ventricular function and symptoms in CHF. In a combination of trials investigating the use of carvedilol (an α, and ß-blocker) in congestive heart failure a mortality benefit appears to be evident. There are still a number of key questions that relnaill unanswered regarding the tolerability, patient type and stage of CHF in which ß-blockers should be advocated. Several large scale trials are in progress to answer some of these questions and also to add further information regarding its efficacy and impact on survival. KEYWORDS: Beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist, congestive heart failure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System
  16. Raja J, Balaikerisnan T, Ramanaidu LP, Goh KJ
    Int J Rheum Dis, 2021 Mar;24(3):347-354.
    PMID: 33432774 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.14042
    AIM: The reported prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is variable between 0.01% to 28%, probably due to differences in sample size, study design and population. Our aim is to determine the prevalence of large fiber peripheral neuropathy in SSc and to identify any contributing factors.

    METHOD: A prospective cross-sectional study of 60 SSc patients were evaluated for large fiber neuropathy using the modified clinical Total Neuropathy Score (cTNS) and nerve conduction study (NCS) of the upper and lower limbs. A combination of clinical (cTNS score ≥ 2) and NCS criteria (≥2 abnormal nerves including 1 sural [symmetrical polyneuropathy] and NCS abnormalities consistent with individual nerves/nerve roots [focal neuropathy]) was used to diagnose peripheral neuropathy.

    RESULTS: The majority had limited cutaneous subset (75%). Mean age was 55.73 (SD ± 13.04) years and mean disease duration was 8.61 (SD ± 8.09) years. Twenty-two (36.7%) had combined clinical and NCS criteria for peripheral neuropathy, 14 (23.3%) with symmetrical polyneuropathy and 8 (13.3%) with focal neuropathy. Symmetrical polyneuropathy patients had significantly lower hemoglobin levels (11.2 vs. 12.35 g/L; P = .047). Serum vitamin B12 levels were normal, therefore excluding vitamin B12 deficiency. No other associations were found for both polyneuropathy and focal neuropathy with demography, co-morbid diseases and SSc disease factors such as Raynaud's phenomenon and modified Rodnan skin score.

    CONCLUSION: Large fiber neuropathy is common in SSc patients, which could contribute to non-lethal burden in SSc with sensory loss and muscle weakness. Apart from lower hemoglobin in polyneuropathy, there were no associations with disease-specific features or co-morbid diseases.

    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis*; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology
  17. Chee YC, Chee YN
    IDCases, 2018;11:51-52.
    PMID: 29349040 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2018.01.001
    Burkholderia pseudomallei is recognized to cause severe and fatal infections. Most of the infections caused by this facultative intracellular gram-negative bacterium are pneumonia, soft tissue, genito-urinary and central nervous system infection. We report an unusual case of primary prostatic abscess complicated by perianal abscess caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. Melioidosis related anorectal infections have not been previously reported in the literature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Infections
  18. Hao H, Ramli R, Wang C, Liu C, Shah S, Mullen P, et al.
    PLoS Biol, 2023 Jan;21(1):e3001958.
    PMID: 36603052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001958
    Accumulating observations suggest that peripheral somatosensory ganglia may regulate nociceptive transmission, yet direct evidence is sparse. Here, in experiments on rats and mice, we show that the peripheral afferent nociceptive information undergoes dynamic filtering within the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and suggest that this filtering occurs at the axonal bifurcations (t-junctions). Using synchronous in vivo electrophysiological recordings from the peripheral and central processes of sensory neurons (in the spinal nerve and dorsal root), ganglionic transplantation of GABAergic progenitor cells, and optogenetics, we demonstrate existence of tonic and dynamic filtering of action potentials traveling through the DRG. Filtering induced by focal application of GABA or optogenetic GABA release from the DRG-transplanted GABAergic progenitor cells was specific to nociceptive fibers. Light-sheet imaging and computer modeling demonstrated that, compared to other somatosensory fiber types, nociceptors have shorter stem axons, making somatic control over t-junctional filtering more efficient. Optogenetically induced GABA release within DRG from the transplanted GABAergic cells enhanced filtering and alleviated hypersensitivity to noxious stimulation produced by chronic inflammation and neuropathic injury in vivo. These findings support "gating" of pain information by DRGs and suggest new therapeutic approaches for pain relief.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System
  19. Awang MS, Abdullah JM, Abdullah MR, Tahir A, Tharakan J, Prasad A, et al.
    Med Sci Monit, 2007 Jul;13(7):CR330-2.
    PMID: 17599028
    Nerve conduction study is essential in the diagnosis of focal neuropathies and diffuse polyneuropathies. There are many factors that can affect nerve conduction velocity, and age is one of them. Most of the many studies of this effect, and the values from them, were on Caucasian subjects. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of age on conduction velocity among healthy Asian Malay subjects by analyzing its influence on the median, ulnar, and sural nerves.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System; Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis*; Nervous System Diseases/pathology
  20. Chan KH, Mohammed Haspani MS, Tan YC, Kassim F
    Malays J Med Sci, 2011 Jul;18(3):82-6.
    PMID: 22135607 MyJurnal
    Primary central nervous system atypical rhabdoid/teratoid tumour (ATRT) is a rare and highly malignant tumour that tends to occur in infancy and early childhood. The majority of tumours (approximately two-third) arise in the posterior fossa. The optimal treatment for ATRT remains unclear. Options of treatment include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Each of their role is still not clearly defined until now. The prognosis of the disease is generally unfavourable. This is a case report of ATRT in an atypical site in a 9-year-old girl.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Neoplasms
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