MyMedR

Fulltext Comment on: Prevalence of growth and endocrine disorders in Malaysian children with transfusion-dependent thalassaemia

Sookaromdee P, Wiwanitkit V

Singapore Med J, 2019 12;60(12):657.

PMID: 31889203 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2019163

Matched MeSH terms: Child

Fulltext Severe Recurrent Bacterial Pneumonia Among Children Living With HIV

Boettiger DC, An VT, Lumbiganon P, Wittawatmongkol O, Huu Truong K, Chau Do V, et al.

Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2022 May 01;41(5):e208-e215.

PMID: 35185140 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003494

BACKGROUND: Bacterial pneumonia imparts a major morbidity and mortality burden on children living with HIV, yet effective prevention and treatment options are underutilized. We explored clinical factors associated with severe recurrent bacterial pneumonia among children living with HIV.

METHODS: Children enrolled in the TREAT Asia Pediatric HIV Observational Database were included if they started antiretroviral therapy (ART) on or after January 1st, 2008. Factors associated with severe recurrent bacterial pneumonia were assessed using competing-risk regression.

RESULTS: A total of 3,944 children were included in the analysis; 136 cases of severe recurrent bacterial pneumonia were reported at a rate of 6.5 [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.5-7.7] events per 1,000 patient-years. Clinical factors associated with severe recurrent bacterial pneumonia were younger age [adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio (aHR): 4.4 for <5 years versus ≥10 years, 95% CI: 2.2-8.4, P < 0.001], lower weight-for-age z-score (aHR: 1.5 for -2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-2.3, P = 0.024), pre-ART diagnosis of severe recurrent bacterial pneumonia (aHR: 4.0 versus no pre-ART diagnosis, 95% CI: 2.7-5.8, P < 0.001), past diagnosis of symptomatic lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis or chronic HIV-associated lung disease, including bronchiectasis (aHR: 4.8 versus no past diagnosis, 95% CI: 2.8-8.4, P < 0.001), low CD4% (aHR: 3.5 for <10% versus ≥25%, 95% CI: 1.9-6.4, P < 0.001) and detectable HIV viral load (aHR: 2.6 versus undetectable, 95% CI: 1.2-5.9, P = 0.018).

CONCLUSIONS: Children <10-years-old and those with low weight-for-age, a history of respiratory illness, low CD4% or poorly controlled HIV are likely to gain the greatest benefit from targeted prevention and treatment programs to reduce the burden of bacterial pneumonia in children living with HIV.

Matched MeSH terms: Child

Bradycardia, headache, and vomiting in a child after a fall

Tsyeng NK, Omar M, Rahman RA, Rahman SA

BMJ, 2024 Jan 18;384:e077643.

PMID: 38237943 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-077643

Matched MeSH terms: Child

Investigations of clinical characteristics and inflammatory markers of febrile seizures induced by coronavirus infection

Zhao L, Wu HY, Xie D, Mo LM, Yang FF, Gao Y, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2023 Dec 01;40(4):439-443.

PMID: 38308831 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.4.009

The study of children who experienced with febrile seizures(FS) as a result of COVID-19 infection to gain insight into the clinical characteristics and prognosis of neurological damage, with the aim of improving prevention, diagnosis, and the treatment of neurological complications. This study investigated the clinical features of 53 children with FS who were admitted to Sanya Women and Children's Hospital from December 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023. The results indicated that the duration of convulsion in the case and control group was 7.90±8.91 and 2.67±1.23 (minutes) respectively. The analysis reveals that convulsions occurred within 24 hours in 39 cases (95.12%) of the case group, and in 8 cases (66.7%) of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Additionally, the case group presented lower counts of WBC and NEU compared to the control group (p<0.05). The findings indicate that convulsions manifest at earlier stages of COVID-19 in children and the last longer than in the control group. It is therefore crucial for healthcare workers to remain attentive to patients with COVID-19 who report fever within 24 hours, and act promptly to implement preventive measures, particularly in cases of prolonged fever. It is essential to integrate the clinical manifestation, particularly convulsions, and the continuous numerical changes of inflammatory factors to assess COVID-19 linked with febrile seizures. In addition, larger-scale multi-center and systematic research are necessary to aid clinicians in monitoring neuropathological signals and biological targets, enabling more equitable diagnosis and treatment plans.

Matched MeSH terms: Child

Fulltext Practical clinical guidelines and pharmacological treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Asia

Kawabe K, Horiuchi F, Matsumoto Y, Inoue S, Okazawa M, Hosokawa R, et al.

Neuropsychopharmacol Rep, 2024 Mar;44(1):29-33.

PMID: 38059346 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12381

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by persistent symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Both, stimulant and nonstimulant medications have been approved for the treatment of this disorder. Several Western guidelines recommend the use of prescribed Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications for ADHD along with parental training in behavior management and behavioral classroom intervention. In 2022, new Japanese guidelines for ADHD were issued, which recommended school environment management and psychosocial treatment as the first-line treatment, with pharmacological treatment added as the second-line treatment. Although Japanese guidelines, including pharmacological treatments, have been established, the guidelines and utilization of ADHD medications across Asian regions are unclear. Therefore, to appropriately evaluate the strategy of pharmacological treatments for ADHD, we investigated Asian regional guidelines for ADHD medication in children. We also reviewed the guidelines in Malaysia, Singapore, India, and the Republic of Korea and found that these guidelines differ from Western guidelines.

Matched MeSH terms: Child

Fulltext Factors affecting the outcomes in children post-myelomeningocoele repair in northeastern peninsular malaysia

Idris B

Malays J Med Sci, 2011 Jan;18(1):52-9.

PMID: 22135574 MyJurnal

The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of multiple factors and outcomes (ambulatory function and sphincter function) on children with myelomeningocoele (MMC) following surgical repair.

Matched MeSH terms: Child

Protecting children from violence and maltreatment: a qualitative comparative analysis assessing the implementation of U.N. CRC Article 19

Svevo-Cianci KA, Hart SN, Rubinson C

Child Abuse Negl, 2010 Jan;34(1):45-56.

PMID: 20060588 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.09.010

(1) To identify which United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) recommended child protection (CP) measures, such as policy, reporting systems, and services for child abuse and neglect (CAN) victims, individually or in combination, were most important in establishing a basic level of child protection in 42 countries; and (2) to assess whether these measures were necessary or sufficient to achieve basic child protection in developing and industrialized countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child Abuse/legislation & jurisprudence*; Child Abuse/prevention & control*; Child Advocacy/legislation & jurisprudence*; Child Health Services/legislation & jurisprudence; Child Health Services/organization & administration; Child Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence*

Current understanding of auditory neuropathy

Boo NY

Ann Acad Med Singap, 2008 Dec;37(12 Suppl):60-3.

PMID: 19904452

Auditory neuropathy is defined by the presence of normal evoked otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and absent or abnormal auditory brainstem responses (ABR). The sites of lesion could be at the cochlear inner hair cells, spiral ganglion cells of the cochlea, synapse between the inner hair cells and auditory nerve, or the auditory nerve itself. Genetic, infectious or neonatal/perinatal insults are the 3 most commonly identified underlying causes. Children usually present with delay in speech and language development while adult patients present with hearing loss and disproportionately poor speech discrimination for the degree of hearing loss. Although cochlear implant is the treatment of choice, current evidence show that it benefits only those patients with endocochlear lesions, but not those with cochlear nerve deficiency or central nervous system disorders. As auditory neuropathy is a disorder with potential long-term impact on a child's development, early hearing screen using both OAE and ABR should be carried out on all newborns and infants to allow early detection and intervention.

Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool

Orbital fractures in children: 10 years' experience from a tertiary centre

Sirichai P, Anderson PJ

Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2015 Dec;53(10):938-42.

PMID: 26130591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2015.06.007

Our aim was to examine the relations between type and site of the fracture, age of the patient, and the management and outcomes, among children diagnosed with orbital fractures at the Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, during a 10-year period from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2012. The records of 41 children whose ages ranged from 8 months to 15 years were analysed. There was a male predominance (n=33). Two most common fractures were orbital floor and multiwalled fractures, with medial wall as the second most common site. The most common cause of injury was sport, more often with increasing age. In contrast, falls were more common among young children. Fractures of the orbital roof were more common among young children, all of ours being in children 10 years old or less. Lateral wall fractures were also more common among young children and declined in frequency with increasing age. In contrast, fractures of the orbital floor and medial wall can occur at any age, though those of the medial wall were more common among older children. As children grow their behaviour and activities change, and the mechanism by which they become injured also changes. Growth and development of the craniofacial skeleton lead to differences in the patterns of fractures with age. Fractures of the orbital roof and lateral wall are more common among young children, while those of the orbital floor and medial wall can occur at any age.

Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor: a survey of 44 new cases in Malaysia

Siar CH, Ng KH

Ann Dent, 1986;45(2):11-4.

PMID: 3468870

Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool

Severe protein-energy malnutrition in Kuala Lumpur

George R, Foo LC, Chong YH, Abraham SC

J Trop Pediatr, 1981 10;27(5):259-62.

PMID: 6798223 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/27.5.259

Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool

Fulltext Alphabetic knowledge and phonological awareness: a comparison between Malaysian preschool children from public and private kindergartens

Julia Lee, Ai Cheng, Wang, Joanna Joo Ying

Journal of Cognitive Sciences & Human Development, 2020;6(2):1-15.

MyJurnal

Alphabetic knowledge and phonological awareness are essential skills in learning to read. This research examined the level of acquisition on alphabetic knowledge and phonological awareness among 60 preschoolers from private and public preschools in Kuching, Sarawak. The mean age of the children was 5.58. The children were administered letter name and sound knowledge, and letter naming fluency tests to examine their alphabetic knowledge; Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing and Yopp-Singer Phoneme Segmentation Test to examine their phonological awareness. Higher achievement in alphabetic knowledge and phonological awareness was found among preschoolers from private preschools compared to those from public preschools. This study discusses the implications for practice and ways teachers could explicitly foster alphabetic knowledge and phonological awareness skills in classroom.

Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool

Challenges Faced During the Ventilation of a Child With Bronchobiliary Fistula: A Case Report

Zainal Abidin H, Mohd Lutfi N, Phang YY, Zarina FMI, Hamidah I, Saedah A, et al.

A A Pract, 2020 Jul;14(9):e01281.

PMID: 32909720 DOI: 10.1213/XAA.0000000000001281

Hepatoblastoma is the most frequently occurring malignant tumor of the liver in children (ages ≤5 years). The formation of bronchobiliary fistula is a rare complication. We present a case report that describes the associated anesthetic challenges that we encountered for the treatment of this pathology.

Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool

Can Giant Cell Tumor of the Bone Occur in the Skeletally Immature?

Haseeb A, Singh VA, Jayalakshmi P

J Am Podiatr Med Assoc, 2020 Mar 01;110(2).

PMID: 32556225 DOI: 10.7547/19-030

Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the bone is a benign, locally aggressive neoplasm that has a high tendency for local recurrence. It usually has a higher incidence in the third decade of life. This is a retrospective review of a case with histologic confirmation of GCT in a skeletally immature patient involving the metatarsal bone, which is a rare site. At our institution, 1.3% of skeletally immature patients had GCT of the bone. From an extensive literature review, only four cases of GCT of the metatarsal bone in the skeletally immature were identified. Giant cell tumor in a skeletally immature patient can be confused for an aneurysmal bone cyst because of similar radiologic findings. Giant cell tumor of the bone can occur in an immature skeleton and should be sought out as a differential diagnosis despite being rare.

Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool

Fulltext Health Promoting School in Malaysia: Towards NCD Risk Factor Prevention

Suzana Awg Piut

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018;12(101):17-18.

MyJurnal

Schools provide an efficient and effective way to reach large numbers of people. In 2013, over 90% children of primary school age and over 80% children of lower secondary school age were enrolled in schools globally. Behaviours and habits are developed in early childhood. The effective way to prevent non-communicable disease (NCD) is from early education as primary prevention. This platform had been in the system since early millennium but the NCD risk factor is still increasing.

Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool

Fulltext Association between Compliance with Movement Behavior Guidelines and Obesity among Malaysian Preschoolers

Lee ST, Wong JE, Chan GKL, Poh BK

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 04 27;18(9).

PMID: 33925298 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094611

A daily balance of physical activities, sedentary behaviors and sleep are important for maintaining the health of young children. The aim of this study is to explore the association between 24-h movement behavior of Malaysian children aged 4 to 6 years with weight status. A total of 230 preschoolers were recruited from 22 kindergartens in Kuala Lumpur. Physical activity was assessed by Actical accelerometer while screen time and sleep duration were proxy-reported by parents. Children spent on average 5.5 ± 1.3 h on total physical activity (including 1.0 ± 0.4 h of moderate- vigorous physical activity), 3.0 ± 1.6 h on screen activities and 9.5 ± 1.3 h sleeping daily. The proportion of children who complied with physical activity and sleep guidelines were 48.7% and 55.2%, respectively. About 25.2% of children met screen time recommendation. Only 6.5% of children met all three age-specific physical activity, screen time and sleep guidelines. Children who met any two guidelines were less likely to be overweight or obesity compared to those who did not meet any of the guidelines (OR: 0.276; 95% CI: 0.080-0.950). In conclusion, Malaysian preschoolers have low compliance to movement behavior guidelines, especially in meeting screen time recommendations. Compliance to movement behavior guidelines was associated with lower odds of overweight and obesity.

Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool

Fulltext Study design, rationale and methods of the Revitalising Informal Settlements and their Environments (RISE) study: a cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate environmental and human health impacts of a water-sensitive intervention in informal settlements in Indonesia and Fiji

Leder K, Openshaw JJ, Allotey P, Ansariadi A, Barker SF, Burge K, et al.

BMJ Open, 2021 01 08;11(1):e042850.

PMID: 33419917 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042850

INTRODUCTION: Increasing urban populations have led to the growth of informal settlements, with contaminated environments linked to poor human health through a range of interlinked pathways. Here, we describe the design and methods for the Revitalising Informal Settlements and their Environments (RISE) study, a transdisciplinary randomised trial evaluating impacts of an intervention to upgrade urban informal settlements in two Asia-Pacific countries.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: RISE is a cluster randomised controlled trial among 12 settlements in Makassar, Indonesia, and 12 in Suva, Fiji. Six settlements in each country have been randomised to receive the intervention at the outset; the remainder will serve as controls and be offered intervention delivery after trial completion. The intervention involves a water-sensitive approach, delivering site-specific, modular, decentralised infrastructure primarily aimed at improving health by decreasing exposure to environmental faecal contamination. Consenting households within each informal settlement site have been enrolled, with longitudinal assessment to involve health and well-being surveys, and human and environmental sampling. Primary outcomes will be evaluated in children under 5 years of age and include prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal pathogens, abundance and diversity of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in gastrointestinal microorganisms and markers of gastrointestinal inflammation. Diverse secondary outcomes include changes in microbial contamination; abundance and diversity of pathogens and AMR genes in environmental samples; impacts on ecological biodiversity and microclimates; mosquito vector abundance; anthropometric assessments, nutrition markers and systemic inflammation in children; caregiver-reported and self-reported health symptoms and healthcare utilisation; and measures of individual and community psychological, emotional and economic well-being. The study aims to provide proof-of-concept evidence to inform policies on upgrading of informal settlements to improve environments and human health and well-being.

ETHICS: Study protocols have been approved by ethics boards at Monash University, Fiji National University and Hasanuddin University.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12618000633280; Pre-results.

Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool

Clinical trichuriasis in hospitalised Kuala Lumpur children

McKay DA, Hiap CY, Virik HK

Med J Malaya, 1971 Sep;26(1):20-4.

PMID: 4258570

Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool

Kuala Lumpur's primary school teachers' knowledge regarding the characteristics of child abusers and abused children

Zakaria, S.Z., Ismail, Z.H., Haliza, B.S.

Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 1998;10(2):34-39.

MyJurnal

Four hundred and forty three teachers from eight ran-domly selected primary schools were enrolled in this study which was aimed at determining the knowledge regarding child abuse and neglect among primary school teachers in Kuala Lumpur. The areas that were examined included characteristics of child abusers and abused children. The results showed that the marital status of the teachers did not influence their level of knowledge and there was no significant difference between novice and senior teachers. The most impor-tant finding here was that knowledge regarding sexual and physical abuse was lacking in the teachers surveyed.

Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child Abuse

Measles in peninsular Malaysia

Chen ST

Med J Malaysia, 1979 Sep;34(1):18-23.

PMID: 542144

Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool

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