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Fulltext The impact of plurality in Malaysia-Singapore relations post Malaya

Ayu Nor Azilah Mohamad, Mohamed Ali Haniffa, Wayu Nor Asikin Mohamad

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018;3(3):53-63.
MyJurnal

This article discusses the impact of plurality on Malaysia-Singapore relations after the formation of
Malaysia on September 16, 1963. The establishment of the Federation of Malaysia agreement was
signed in London on July 8, 1963 by the representatives of the British government, the Federation of
Malaya, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak. All parties agreed to the change in name from Federation of
Malaya to Malaysia. The declaration of Malaysia was made on September 16, 1963 simultaneously
throughout the country. This study uses secondary sources and library research methods. The findings
show that Singapore's existence in Malaysia was seen to have raised racial issues leading to the
separation of Singapore from Malaysia on August 9, 1965. Ethnic-related problems need to be
addressed wisely in order to not be a threat to racial relations among the plural society in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Government
Fulltext Culinary arts entrepreneurship: alternative student Diploma in Culinary Arts at Kolej Yayasan Pelajaran Johor in facing open market

Abdul Wafi Abdul Rahman, Yusmady Md Junus, Melor Md Yunus

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2017;2(3):27-34.
MyJurnal

The Open Market scenario provides high levels of unreliability to culinary arts graduates where they
are no longer promised a place in the hospitality and tourism sectors but rather to compete with
graduates from other fields for employment. Hence, the field of entrepreneurship is seen as an
alternative in building a career that can help in reducing the dumping of graduates in the job market in
line with the government's call encouraging more entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Therefore, this study is
aimed at identifying the tendency to entrepreneurship among students of the final year semester of the Diploma in Culinary Arts, Hospitality School and Tourism Kolej Yayasan Pelajaran Johor
(SHPKYPJ). Measurements for this study were based on surveys using questionnaire and data
collected by Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) Version 21.0. The results of the study
found that overall respondents have a high inclination towards entrepreneurship. If they are more
focused, encouragement and exposure are given to them, the probability that they become
entrepreneurs after graduation will be higher.

Matched MeSH terms: Government
Violent crime datasets: Incidence and patterns in Malaysia from 2006 to 2017

Hakim HM, Khan HO, Hamzah HH, Othman MF, Nelson BR, Chambers GK, et al.

Data Brief, 2019 Oct;26:104449.
PMID: 31667222 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104449

This article provides violent crime data in Malaysia from 2006 to 2017. The violent crimes include murder, rape, gang robbery, robbery and voluntarily causing hurt cases. A total of 330,395 violent crime cases were reported in this 12 year period and the data were tabulated state by state for all thirteen states of Malaysia, including two states in Borneo (Sabah and Sarawak) and one federal territory (Kuala Lumpur). In general, violent crimes show a decreasing trend from 2006 to 2017 in Malaysia. However, armed gang robbery and armed robbery show a fluctuating pattern from 2008 to 2011. A similar pattern was also recorded for unarmed gang robbery from 2008 to 2010. The violent crime data deposited here are available for further analysis, e.g., for identifying risk factors such as demography, lifestyle, socio-economic status, government policies etc. which may be associated with violent crime incidence and pattern across the country.

Matched MeSH terms: Government
Fulltext Inculcating halal values in seaweed production for competitive positioning

Normawaty Mohammad Noor, Sarina Muhammad Noor, Weliyadi, Rukisah Salleh

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(101):37-40.
MyJurnal

Seaweed industry is important in several countries including Malaysia, Japan, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The seaweed, Kappaphycus is widely used in a variety of food products as an excellent nutritional supplement. There are several stages in producing raw Kappaphycus for industry such as cultivation and harvest. Most of these steps follow a traditional way which has been practiced from one generation to another. As seaweed is part of the main ingredients in many final produce, its processing must incorporate cleanliness and quality aspect. Therefore, a focus on Halal is of utmost importance. Halal is a concept that stresses on shariah law and ensuring the utmost quality which benefits most producers especially in food and supplement products. However, the knowledge of Halal is still limited in marine production including seaweed. The seaweed process has gone through numerous stages yet none of them has been checked on its
Halalness aspect. This study is to deliberate on the aspect of Halalness for each stage involved, including cultivation and harvesting. To achieve this, observations and literature search were performed and findings showed that there is lack of hygienic practices in handling seaweed production. Therefore, conjoint initiatives among university-industry-government are needed to enhance the value proposition of the seaweed production as it complies with the concept of Halalness. This will contribute towards the development of Halal ecosystem from seed to harvest of quality seaweed production.

Matched MeSH terms: Government
Fulltext Perbandingan tahap kualiti hidup bagi warga emas yang mendapatkan perkhidmatan di pusat aktiviti warga emas (PAWE) di kawasan bandar dan luar bandar

Sarin J, Khadijah A, Mohd Suhaimi M

Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2018;32:82-90.

The quality of life is an indicator of well-being that is seen as important in the establishment of policies to improve the welfare of senior citizens. The establishment of the Elderly Activity Center (PAWE) in urban and rural areas throughout Malaysia is one of the government's initiatives in preparation to be an old country by 2030. Nevertheless, since the establishment of PAWE in 2001, there has been scarce research about services provided to senior citizens at PAWE. Therefore, this study is conducted to identify level of quality of life among senior citizens at PAWE in urban and rural areas. The survey was conducted on 156 respondents in four PAWE locations namely PAWE Sungai Buloh, PAWE Cheras, PAWE Jenjarom and PAWE Sabak Bernam. The data were collected by using Older People Quality of Life (OPQOL-35) questionnaire. The data were then analyzed using Statistical Package Social Science (SPSS) by using descriptive analysis to identify the quality of life according to the respondents' demographic information. The results showed that the quality of life among urban respondents were higher than rural respondents, quality of life of male respondents were higher than female respondents while the quality of life among Chinese respondents was higher than Malay and Indian respondents. For the quality of life according to age, respondents aged 71 to 80 years were higher in qulity of life level than respondents aged 60 to 70 years and 81 to 90 years. This study is expected to give impact on the awareness to concerned parties about the advantages of community-based activity center which can increase the qualilty of life among elderly.

Matched MeSH terms: Government
Urban environmental Health: respiratory infection and urban factors in urban growth corridor of Petaling Jaya, Shah Alam and Klang, Malaysia

Ling OHL, Siti Nur Afiqah Mohamed Musthafa, Abdul Rauf Abdul Rasam

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1405-1414.

Environmental health in general is referring to the aspect of concern on healthy environment, and the interrelations between environment and human health. Due to the urbanization, urban development is changing the natural environment into a man-made environment. Along with the process, level of environmental quality and human health are decreased. Air quality as reference shows that urban ambient air is more polluted than rural. Due to high density of human population and their activities in urban areas, it produces air pollutants with higher rate as compared to less-developed areas. Air pollutants contribute to various health problems. People suffering from respiratory diseases are the most likely to be affected by air pollution. This paper aimed to examine the rate of respiratory infection among residents in an urban growth corridor (Petaling Jaya-Shah Alam-Klang) and the relationship with the urban land uses, traffic volume and air quality. There were four major types of data used in this study i.e., respiratory infection of the respondents, air quality, land use and traffic volume. A health questionnaire survey was carried out besides the secondary data collection from the various government departments. Relationship analysis was performed between respiratory health and the urban factors (air quality, traffic volume and land uses). The study found out that the relationship between the respiratory health and the urban factors is different in city-wide land use and traffic factors, as compared to the localised air quality and land use factors. To conclude, the urban factors are potentially affecting the respiratory health.

Matched MeSH terms: Government
Streamlined life cycle CO2 emission assessment of sewage treatment in Taiwan

Chang Ys

Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1715-1720.

Sewage treatment is an important issue in a country for public health and environmental protection. The treatment
process not only consumes energy but also emits CO2
. In this research, the idea of streamlined life cycle assessment was
applied. The CO2
emission from sewage treatment was assessed from direct energy consumption of four major sewage
treatment plants in Taiwan. The results showed that the CO2
emission at in-plant sewage treatment stage takes more
than 95% of total CO2
emission for most plants. The results suggested that CO2
emission of sewage treatment can be
calculated from energy consumption at in-plant sewage treatment stage to simplify the calculation. The CO2
emission
of sewage treatment was then assessed from sewage plants in Taiwan using in-plant electricity consumption. The unit
CO2
emission of sewage treatment in Taiwan is 0.216 kg-CO2
/m3
. This database will be an important reference for water
resource research and future government environmental policies.

Matched MeSH terms: Government
Total vulnerability of the littoral zone to climate change-driven natural hazards in north Brittany, France

Mathew MJ, Sautter B, Ariffin EH, Menier D, Ramkumar M, Siddiqui NA, et al.

Sci Total Environ, 2020 Mar 01;706:135963.
PMID: 31862602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135963

Current worldwide projections of sea-level rise show a staggering increase in water level of up to 2 m by 2100 owing to global warming exacerbated by anthropogenically induced climate change. While amplified rates of sea-level rise is an immense hazard to coastal communities, storm surges are expected to increase in intensity and frequency making it an equally significant threat to coastal populations. In France, these hazards are not uncommon with records of extreme tempests every thousand years in the Holocene. Despite these recurring devastating events, in the Bay of Saint-Brieuc, Brittany, legislated laws for coastal management do not entirely focus on protecting littoral zones from such calamities. 130,739 people are concentrated in 21 municipalities with major cities located at close proximity to the shoreline with numerous socio-economic activities, which increases the vulnerability of the coastal population and infrastructures; thus, affirming the indispensable need of a thorough vulnerability assessment. Here, we conduct a mechanistic appraisal of the vulnerability of the bay considering thirteen parameters within three governing sub-systems that demonstrate the multidimensional dynamics in these municipalities. In the occasion of an extreme climatic event, our results of total vulnerability show risks in the sub-systems highlighting erosional processes due to augmented hydrodynamics, socio-economic and administrative vulnerabilities associated with anthropogenic development. Eight municipalities of the bay portray moderate to very high vulnerability and the remaining exhibits a lower risk; however, not devoid of high vulnerabilities for certain sub-systems. We posit that a more accurate fit for predicting the total vulnerability of the region can be achieved by exclusively integrating physical-natural and administrative sub-system vulnerabilities. We propose generic but requisite recommendations for Integrated Coastal Zone Management such as surveillance of urban development along the coast, implementation of coastal defense systems and appropriate industrial corridors to attenuate and dispose hazardous refuse.

Matched MeSH terms: Government
Aquatic insect functional feeding groups in a mountain stream with a series of check dams in northern Thailand

Phuchiwan Suriyawong, Elizabeth A. Bergey

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1379-1386.

A series of check dams (or small dams in shallow streams) have been placed on many streams throughout Thailand and
the number of them continue to increase. Check dam construction activities have been emphasized by the government
and private sector entities over the last decade to prevent severe flood or drought due to changes in rainfall patterns. This
study evaluated distribution of functional feeding groups (FFG) in a stream with a high density of check dams. Twelve
sampling sites at three altitudes (500, 900 and 1500 m asl) included undammed and nearby dammed sections (above
and below check dams) were used. Aquatic insects were collected monthly at each site for a year and categorized into
FFG. Aquatic insect composition of undammed and above dam sites was different. Abundance within each FFG at above
dam sites significantly differed from undammed sites. Taxonomic richness at 1500 and 900 m altitudes was decreased
at above dam sites compared with the corresponding undammed sites, whereas above dam sites of 500 m altitude had
higher richness than undammed site. High abundance of predators and collector-gatherers associated with reservoirs
and fine sediment accumulation above dams, where filter-feeders were scarce. Shredder abundance varied among sites
and was highest where leaf packs were most abundant. Scrapers were least abundant group and inconsistent with the
dams. Distribution of FFG was similar to changes in other regulated streams. The composition of FFG reflected the
stream ecosystem conditions through adaptation of communities to stream habitat and food resources, including those
associated with check dam construction.

Matched MeSH terms: Government
Fulltext Unlocking Access To Novel Medicines In China-A Review From A Health System Perspective

Diao Y, Li M, Huang Z, Sun J, Chee YL, Liu Y

Risk Manag Healthc Policy, 2019;12:357-367.
PMID: 31908552 DOI: 10.2147/RMHP.S226379

China's healthcare reform aims to provide affordable and equitable basic healthcare for all by 2020. Access to medicines is an essential part of the healthcare. The efforts of promoting access to medicines have been moving from meeting the needs of the basic healthcare, towards increasingly dedicated resources to offer breakthrough therapies. Looking at access to novel medicines from a health system perspective, and placing the changes China has made into that system context, this paper makes a comprehensive review of the progress of access to novel medicines in China. The review drew on two sources of information, which included desk review of published and grey literature, and key informant interview. Five hurdles were identified which create barriers of access to novel medicines, ranging from regulation and financing of medicines, intellectually property rights protection, and development of innovation capacity, to other health system components. Multiple policies have been implementing in China to remove the multiple access barriers gradually. Universal access to medicines has been moving from towards the basic common conditions to the world breakthrough technologies. We see cause for optimism, but recognize that there is a long way to go. Achieving broader and better access to modern medicines for Chinese patients will require multiple and coordinated government efforts, which would need to target the whole lifecycle regulation of novel medicines with a health system perspective, from balancing IP protection, strengthening R&D and public health, to appropriate regulatory approach and financing mechanism, and to supply chain management, as well as smart use.

Matched MeSH terms: Government
Is flooding considered a threat in the degraded tropical peatlands?

Lupascu M, Varkkey H, Tortajada C

Sci Total Environ, 2020 Jun 25;723:137988.
PMID: 32392686 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137988

Tropical peatland degradation due to oil palm plantation development has reduced peat's ability to naturally regulate floods. In turn, more severe and frequent flooding on peatlands could seriously impair plantation productivity. Understanding the roles of peatland ecosystems in regulating floods has become essential given the continued pressure on land resources, especially in Southeast Asia. However, the limited knowledge on this topic has resulted in the oversimplifications of the relationships between floods, commercial plantations and peatland sustainability, creating major disagreement among policymakers at different levels in governments, companies, NGOs and society. Hence, this study identifies whether flood policies are integrated within peatland management through a qualitative policy analysis of publicly available papers, government reports, and other official documents that discuss flooding, and/or more in general, hydrology in peatlands. Document analysis was then triangulated with data obtained from several semi-structured discussions. The analysis indicates that the industry on peatlands and the peatland's environmental sustainability could be threatened by increased flooding. We show that, in spite of this, flood policies in SE Asian countries like Malaysia and Indonesia have not been well-integrated into peatland management. We also discuss how the countries could move forward to overcome this problem.

Matched MeSH terms: Government
Horizon Scan of the Belt and Road Initiative

Hughes AC, Lechner AM, Chitov A, Horstmann A, Hinsley A, Tritto A, et al.

Trends Ecol Evol, 2020 Jul;35(7):583-593.
PMID: 32521242 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.02.005

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) represents the largest infrastructure and development project in human history, and presents risks and opportunities for ecosystems, economies, and communities. Some risks (habitat fragmentation, roadkill) are obvious, however, many of the BRI's largest challenges for development and conservation are not obvious and require extensive consideration to identify. In this first BRI Horizon Scan, we identify 11 frontier issues that may have large environmental and social impacts but are not yet recognised. More generally, the BRI will increase China's participation in international environmental governance. Thus, new cooperative modes of governance are needed to balance geopolitical, societal, and environmental interests. Upgrading and standardising global environmental standards is essential to safeguard ecological systems and human societies.

Matched MeSH terms: Government
Fulltext Estimation of local incidence of jellyfish envenomation in developed marine coastal areas and large populated island on the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia using case surveillance of government health facilities in Manjung, Perak and Langkawi Island

Mubarak AI, Wan Mohd Shukri WNA, Ismail AK

Int Marit Health, 2021 7 3;72(2):93-98.
PMID: 34212348 DOI: 10.5603/IMH.2021.0017

BACKGROUND: Jellyfish stings are one of the commonest causes of marine animal related injuries in human. Despite mostly being harmless, box jellyfish species can cause major stings with fatalities or systemic envenoming symptoms. There are 15-20 species identified to be life-threatening. There are few reported cases that suggest the presence of deadly box jellyfish in the Malaysian coast. However, numbers of stings around Malaysia are still under reported.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This observational study was conducted in Manjung, Perak and Langkawi Island to look at the pattern and incidence of jellyfish stings which occur within 1 year.
RESULTS: There were 45 sting incidents reported with the highest number of cases occurred in December and February. Cases mainly involved young adults aged 10 to 29 years old. The most common clinical symptom that presented was sudden and persistent pain. Vinegar was applied as first aid in 53.3% of reported stings. All patients were treated symptomatically and discharged well. Stings occurred at mean sea surface temperature of 29.38°C and the wind speed of 7.6 knots. All cases were mild and did not require antivenom.
CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that the occurrence of jellyfish stings are affected by weather conditions. Jellyfish stings occur seasonally, thus making it predictable and easily preventable with public awareness, early first aid application and use of jellyfish nets.

Matched MeSH terms: Government
Fulltext The moral responsibility of governments and individuals in the context of the coronavirus pandemic

Nihlén Fahlquist J

Scand J Public Health, 2021 Nov;49(7):815-820.
PMID: 33550931 DOI: 10.1177/1403494821990250

AIM: Not only is the coronavirus pandemic about science and facts, it also raises a number of ethical questions. Some of the most important questions in this context are related to responsibility. First, what is a government's primary responsibility? Second, how should both the government and individuals consider personal moral responsibility in this context?
METHOD: This paper uses conceptual and normative analysis to address responsibility in the context of the pandemic. The paper also refers to reports published by the German Ethics Council, the Malaysian Bioethics Community and the Swedish National Council on Medical Ethics.
RESULTS: The primary responsibility of governments is to create a balance between individual values and rights, one hand, and the health of the population, on the other. There are good reasons to conceive of individual responsibility as a virtue, having to do with the development of crucial character traits and habits. The responsibility of governments is connected to individual responsibility through the values of trust and solidarity.
CONCLUSIONS: Governments need to communicate clearly (a) how they balance conflicts between collective health and individual rights and values and (b) what the chosen strategy entails in terms of collective and individual responsibility. Success requires attention to ethical values from all involved. Individuals will need to develop new character traits to help manage this pandemic and to prevent new ones. Governments must facilitate the development of such character traits by building trust and solidarity with and among citizens.

Matched MeSH terms: Government
Fulltext Generic medicines policies in the Asia Pacific region: ways forward

Nguyen TA, Hassali MAA, McLachlan A

WHO South East Asia J Public Health, 2013 Jan-Mar;2(1):72-74.
PMID: 28612828 DOI: 10.4103/2224-3151.115849

Generic medicines are a key strategy used by governments and third-party payers to contain medicines costs and improve the access to essential medicines. This strategy represents an important opportunity provided by the global intellectual property regimes to discover and develop copies of original products marketed by innovator companies once the patent protection term is over. While there is an extensive experience regarding generic medicines policies in developed countries, this evidence may not translate to developing countries. The generic medicines policies workshop at the Asia Pacific Conference on National Medicines Policies 2012 provided an important opportunity to discuss and document country-specific initiatives for improving access to and the rational of use of generic medicines in the Asia Pacific region. Based on the identified barriers and enablers to implementation of generic medicines policies in the region, a set of future action plans and recommendations has been made.

Matched MeSH terms: Government
Fulltext Implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Malaysia: A review

Nuzul Azam Haron, Raja Putri Zarifh Ana Raja Soh, Aizul Nahar Harun

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(3):661-674.
MyJurnal

This paper seeks to clarify Building Information Modelling (BIM) and its implementation in Malaysia.
Most developed countries that have implemented BIM in the construction industry have found it effective. This paper reviews existing literature on the implementation of BIM and examines the implementation strategies that have been developed. The review highlights numerous advantages of BIM in construction, which include, among others, reducing cost, time, carbon burden and capital cost. BIM can also help increase broader efficiencies and improve coordination and communication between each party. However, implementing BIM is complicated and requires efforts from both the government and the private sector. While the implementation of BIM may reduce costs in developed countries, it may not do so in developing countries; in Malaysia, for instance, costs act as an initial barrier. Other obstacles to implementing BIM in Malaysia include application system requirements and lack of knowledge and readiness to change. To facilitate its implementation in the construction industry, the Malaysian government needs to hold seminars to promote a better understanding of BIM. They may also introduce a properly structured BIM course by preparing a standard code of practices and guidelines for BIM in the education sector.

Matched MeSH terms: Government
Fulltext The policy effect of green finance reform and innovations: Empirical evidence at the firm level

Dong H, Tao M

PLoS One, 2022;17(12):e0278128.
PMID: 36454765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278128

The Chinese central government established eight pilot zones in five provinces for green finance reform and innovations (GFRI) in 2017. The pilot zones promote green finance development and explore the propagable and reproducible experiences regarding mechanisms and institutions. Adopting a sample of China's listed companies from 2012 to 2021, this paper constructed a quasi-natural experiment and investigated the GFRI policy's effect on firms' total factor productivity (TFP) using the difference-in-differences (DID) method to verify the implementation effect of the GFRI policy. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis and mechanism analysis were conducted to identify the guidance effect and deep mechanisms of the GFRI policy. The empirical results demonstrated that firms' TFP in pilot zones increased substantially after implementing the GFRI pilot policy, confirming that the policy had a strong incentive effect. The corresponding promoting effect was particularly significant for non-state-owned companies, the eastern and central regions, and firms in the growth stage. Further mechanism analysis revealed that the GFRI pilot policy can stimulated firms' TFP by promoting technological innovation and improving resource allocation efficiency. This paper's empirical findings are essential in improving relevant policies and expanding the pilot zones.

Matched MeSH terms: Federal Government
Fulltext Financing the future of WHO

Gostin LO, Klock KA, Clark H, Diop FZ, Jayasuriya D, Mahmood J, et al.

Lancet, 2022 Apr 16;399(10334):1445-1447.
PMID: 35338858 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00533-5
Matched MeSH terms: Financing, Government
Fulltext Corporate Sustainability Development Strategy and Corporate Environmental Governance-The Moderating Role of Corporate Environmental Investments

Ao X, Ong TS, Teh BH

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2023 Mar 03;20(5).
PMID: 36901536 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054528

Environmental degradation and ecological devastation have become widespread global concerns in recent years as a result of the expansion of the international economy. China's rapid economic development has been accompanied by a sloppy economic growth model that has damaged the local ecological environment. The Chinese government intends to improve the ecological environment by the end of 2020 in an effort to direct and improve these environmental issues. The strictest environmental laws became effective in 2015. In light of this, this research uses panel data analysis to examine the environmental strategy and environmental governance of Chinese corporations. This article analyses 14,512 samples of listed mainland Chinese enterprises from 2015 to 2020. This research investigates the connection between Corporate Sustainability Development Strategy and Corporate Environmental Governance, as well as the moderating effect of Corporate Environmental Investments.

Matched MeSH terms: Government
Fulltext Exploring the effect of industrial agglomeration on income inequality in China

Zhang S, Bani Y, Izah Selamat A, Abdul Ghani J

PLoS One, 2023;18(6):e0287910.
PMID: 37384722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287910

Income inequality is a good indicator reflecting the quality of people's livelihood. There are many studies on the determinants of income inequality. However, few studies have been conducted on the impacts of industrial agglomeration on income inequality and their spatial correlation. The goal of this paper is to investigate the impact of China's industrial agglomeration on income inequality from a spatial perspective. Using data on China's 31 provinces from 2003 to 2020 and the spatial panel Durbin model, our results show that industrial agglomeration and income inequality present an inverted "U-shape" relationship, proving that they are the non-linear change. As the degree of industrial agglomeration increases, income inequality will rise, after it reaches a certain value, income inequality will drop. Therefore, Chinese government and enterprises had better pay attention to the spatial distribution of industrial agglomeration, thereby reducing China's regional income inequality.

Matched MeSH terms: Government

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