Displaying publications 201 - 220 of 841 in total

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  1. Fulltext Histology, glycosaminoglycan level and cartilage stiffness in monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis: comparative analysis with anterior cruciate ligament transection in rat model and human osteoarthritis
    Naveen SV, Ahmad RE, Hui WJ, Suhaeb AM, Murali MR, Shanmugam R, et al.
    Int J Med Sci, 2014;11(1):97-105.
    PMID: 24396291 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6964
    Monosodium -iodoacetate (MIA)-induced animal model of osteoarthritis (OA) is under-utilised despite having many inherent advantages. At present, there is lack of studies that directly compare the degenerative changes induced by MIA with the surgical osteoarthritis induction method and human osteoarthritis, which would further verify a greater use of this model. Therefore, we compared the histological, biochemical and biomechanical characteristics in rat model using MIA against the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and human cartilage with clinically established osteoarthritis. The right knees of Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to either MIA or ACLT (n=18 in each group). Six rats were used as controls. Human cartilage samples were collected and compared from patients clinically diagnosed with (n=7) and without osteoarthritis (n=3). Histological, biochemical (Glycosaminoglycans/total protein) and biomechanical (cartilage stiffness) evaluations were performed at the end of the 1(st) and 2(nd) week after OA induction. For human samples, evaluations were performed at the time of sampling. Histopathological changes in the MIA group were comparable to that observed in the ACLT group and human OA. The Mankin scores of the 3 groups were comparable (MIA: 11.5 ± 1.0; ACLT: 10.1 ± 1.1; human OA: 13.2 ± 0.8). Comparable reduction in Glycosaminoglycan/total protein content in the intervention groups were observed (MIA: 7 ± 0.6; ACLT: 6.6 ± 0.5; human OA: 3.1 ± 0.7). Cartilage stiffness score were 24.2 ± 15.3 Mpa for MIA, 25.3 ± 4.8 for ACLT and 0.5 ± 0.0 Mpa for human OA. The MIA model produces comparable degenerative changes to ACLT and human OA with the advantage of being rapid, minimally invasive and reproducible. Therefore, wider utilisation of MIA as animal translational OA model should perhaps be advocated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Models, Animal
  2. Fulltext Revisiting the single cell protein application of Cupriavidus necator H16 and recovering bioplastic granules simultaneously
    Kunasundari B, Murugaiyah V, Kaur G, Maurer FH, Sudesh K
    PLoS One, 2013;8(10):e78528.
    PMID: 24205250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078528
    Cupriavidus necator H16 (formerly known as Hydrogenomonas eutropha) was famous as a potential single cell protein (SCP) in the 1970s. The drawback however was the undesirably efficient accumulation of non-nutritive polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) storage compound in the cytoplasm of this bacterium. Eventually, competition from soy-based protein resulted in SCP not receiving much attention. Nevertheless, C. necator H16 remained in the limelight as a producer of PHB, which is a material that resembles commodity plastics such as polypropylene. PHB is a 100% biobased and biodegradable polyester. Although tremendous achievements have been attained in the past 3 decades in the efficient production of PHB, this bioplastic is still costly. One of the main problems has been the recovery of PHB from the cell cytoplasm. In this study, we showed for the first time that kilogram quantities of PHB can be easily recovered in the laboratory without the use of any solvents and chemicals, just by using the cells as SCP. In addition, the present study also demonstrated the safety and tolerability of animal model used, Sprague Dawley given lyophilized cells of C. necator H16. The test animals readily produced fecal pellets that were whitish in color, as would be expected of PHB granules. The pellets were determined to contain about 82-97 wt% PHB and possessed molecular mass of around 930 kg/mol. The PHB granules recovered biologically possessed similar molecular mass compared to chloroform extracted PHB [950 kg/mol]. This method now allows the production and purification of substantial quantities of PHB for various experimental trials. The method reported here is easy, does not require expensive instrumentation, scalable and does not involve extensive use of solvents and strong chemicals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Models, Animal
  3. Functional proteomic approach to discover geographic variations of king cobra venoms from Southeast Asia and China
    Chang HC, Tsai TS, Tsai IH
    J Proteomics, 2013 Aug 26;89:141-53.
    PMID: 23796489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.06.012
    This study deciphers the geographic variations of king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) venom using functional proteomics. Pooled samples of king cobra venom (abbreviated as Ohv) were obtained from Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and two provinces of China, namely Guangxi and Hainan. Using two animal models to test and compare the lethal effects, we found that the Chinese Ohvs were more fatal to mice, while the Southeast Asian Ohvs were more fatal to lizards (Eutropis multifasciata). Various phospholipases A2 (PLA2s), three-finger toxins (3FTxs) and Kunitz-type inhibitors were purified from these Ohvs and compared. Besides the two Chinese Ohv PLA2s with known sequences, eight novel PLA2s were identified from the five Ohv samples and their antiplatelet activities were compared. While two 3FTxs (namely oh-55 and oh-27) were common in all the Ohvs, different sets of 3FTx markers were present in the Chinese and Southeast Asian Ohvs. All the Ohvs contain the Kunitz inhibitor, OH-TCI, while only the Chinese Ohvs contain the inhibitor variant, Oh11-1. Relative to the Chinese Ohvs which contained more phospholipases, the Southeast Asian Ohvs had higher metalloproteinase, acetylcholine esterase, and alkaline phosphatase activities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Models, Animal
  4. Fulltext BrdU pulse labelling in vivo to characterise cell proliferation during regeneration and repair following injury to the airway wall in sheep
    Yahaya B, McLachlan G, Collie DD
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2013;2013:871932.
    PMID: 23533365 DOI: 10.1155/2013/871932
    The response of S-phase cells labelled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in sheep airways undergoing repair in response to endobronchial brush biopsy was investigated in this study. Separate sites within the airway tree of anaesthetised sheep were biopsied at intervals prior to pulse labelling with BrdU, which was administered one hour prior to euthanasia. Both brushed and spatially disparate unbrushed (control) sites were carefully mapped, dissected, and processed to facilitate histological analysis of BrdU labelling. Our study indicated that the number and location of BrdU-labelled cells varied according to the age of the repairing injury. There was little evidence of cell proliferation in either control airway tissues or airway tissues examined six hours after injury. However, by days 1 and 3, BrdU-labelled cells were increased in number in the airway wall, both at the damaged site and in the regions flanking either side of the injury. Thereafter, cell proliferative activity largely declined by day 7 after injury, when consistent evidence of remodelling in the airway wall could be appreciated. This study successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of in vivo pulse labelling in tracking cell proliferation during repair which has a potential value in exploring the therapeutic utility of stem cell approaches in relevant lung disease models.
    Matched MeSH terms: Models, Animal
  5. Toxoplasma gondii: determination of the onset of chronic infection in mice and the in vitro reactivation of brain cysts
    Chew WK, Wah MJ, Ambu S, Segarra I
    Exp Parasitol, 2012 Jan;130(1):22-5.
    PMID: 22027550 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.10.004
    Toxoplasma gondii is an intra-cellular parasite that infects humans through vertical and horizontal transmission. The cysts remain dormant in the brain of infected humans and can reactivate in immunocompromised hosts resulting in acute toxoplasmic encephalitis which may be fatal. We determined the onset and progression of brain cysts generation in a mouse model following acute toxoplasmosis as well as the ability of brain cysts to reactivate in vitro. Male Balb/c mice, (uninfected control group, n = 10) were infected orally (study group, n = 50) with 1000 tachyzoites of T. gondii (ME49 strain) and euthanized at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks post infection. Brain tissue was harvested, homogenized, stained and the number of brain cysts counted. Aliquots of brain homogenate with cysts were cultured in vitro with confluent Vero cells and the number of cysts and tachyzoites counted after 1 week. Brain cysts but not tachyzoites were detected at week 2 post infection and reached a plateau by week 4. In vitro Vero cells culture showed similar pattern for cysts and tachyzoites and reactivation of cyst in vitro was not influenced by the age of the brain cysts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Models, Animal
  6. Fulltext Wound healing potential of Elaeis guineensis Jacq leaves in an infected albino rat model
    Sasidharan S, Nilawatyi R, Xavier R, Latha LY, Amala R
    Molecules, 2010 Apr 30;15(5):3186-99.
    PMID: 20657471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15053186
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Elaeis guineensis Jacq (Arecaceae) is one of the plants that are central to the lives of traditional societies in West Africa. It has been reported as a traditional folkloric medicine for a variety of ailments. The plant leaves are also used in some parts of Africa for wound healing, but there are no scientific reports on any wound healing activity of the plant.

    AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the effects of E. guineensis leaf on wound healing activity in rats.

    METHODS: A phytochemical screening was done to determine the major phytochemicals in the extract. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was examined using the disk diffusion technique and broth dilution method. The wound healing activity of leaves of E. guineensiswas studied by incorporating the methanolic extract in yellow soft paraffin in concentration of 10% (w/w). Wound healing activity was studied by determining the percentage of wound closure, microbial examination of granulated skin tissue and histological analysis in the control and extract treated groups.

    RESULTS: Phytochemical screening reveals the presence of tannins, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, terpenoids, and flavonoids in the extract. The extract showed significant activity against Candida albicans with an MIC value of 6.25 mg/mL. The results show that the E. guineensis extract has potent wound healing capacity, as evident from better wound closure, improved tissue regeneration at the wound site, and supporting histopathological parameters pertaining to wound healing. Assessment of granulation tissue every fourth day showed a significant reduction in microbial count.

    CONCLUSIONS: E. guineensis accelerated wound healing in rats, thus supporting this traditional use.

    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Models, Animal
  7. Prospective full-term-derived pluripotent amniotic fluid stem (AFS) cells
    Ferdaos N, Nathan S, Nordin N
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:75-6.
    PMID: 19024991
    Amniotic fluid (AF) serves as an excellent alternative source of pluripotent stem cells, as they are not bound with ethical issues and the stem cells are more primitive than adult stem (AS) cells. Hence, they have higher potential. Here we aim to isolate and characterize pluripotent stem cells from mid-term and full-term pregnant rat amniotic fluid. The results demonstrate the evidence of heterogeneous population of cells in the amniotic fluid and some of the cells morphology shows similarity with ES cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Models, Animal
  8. Effects of Ficus deltoidea aqueous extract on hematological and biochemical parameters in rats
    Fazliana MS, Muhajir H, Hazilawati H, Shafii K, Mazleha M
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:103-4.
    PMID: 19025006
    Aqueous extract of Ficus deltoidea var. agustifolia was examined for the subchronic toxicity effects in rats. Groups of 10 rats were given the extract daily by oral gavage for 90 days at 0 (control), 100 and 300mg/kg/body weight, respectively. Blood samples were collected upon sacrificed and analysed for haemogram and biochemistry. The results showed there were no significant changes of the blood parameters in all treated groups compared to the control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Models, Animal
  9. Ex vivo growth of rabbit bulbar, fornix and palpebral conjunctival epithelia in a serum-free and feeder layer-free culture system
    Nizam MH, Ruszymah BH, Chua KH, Ghafar NA, Hamzah JC
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:111-2.
    PMID: 19025010
    This study was conducted to explore the feasibility of culturing conjunctiva epithelial cells in serum-free and feeder layer-free culture system with regard to the cell morphology and immunocytochemistry of the rabbit bulbar, fornix and palpebral conjunctiva epithelia. The results showed that epithelium cells from all the three conjunctiva regions can be cultured in a serum-free and feeder layer-free environment. We obtained highest epithelial growth from fornix region with minimum invasion of fibroblast cells compared to other area. All cultured cells were stained positive for cytokeratin 19 and MUC5AC and negative for cytokeratin 3. These findings suggested that fornix was a better source of cells for the development of tissue engineered conjunctiva for future clinical application.
    Matched MeSH terms: Models, Animal
  10. Successful commercialisation of locally fabricated bioceramics for clinical applications
    Fazan F, Besar I, Osman A, Samsudin AR, Khalid KA
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:49-50.
    PMID: 19024978
    This paper chronicled the development of a locally produced bone graft substitute based on calcium phosphate bioceramics called "GranuMaS--from concepts to clinics, and finally to its successful commercialization all within 5-year duration. It was a Prioritized Research (PR) collaborative project of 5 institutions namely SIRIM, ANM, USM, UKM and IIUM, funded by MOSTI to the amount of approximately RM2.5 millions under RM8. This paper also highlighted the requirements needed in terms of technical expertise/manpower, facilities and infrastructure, and government/institutional supports, as well as the challenge faced in developing and commercializing such product.
    Matched MeSH terms: Models, Animal
  11. Measurement of sulphated glycosaminoglycans production after autologous 'chondrocytes-fibrin' constructs implantation in sheep knee joint
    Munirah S, Samsudin OC, Chen HC, Salmah SH, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BH
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:35-6.
    PMID: 19024971
    Chondrocytes were isolated from articular cartilage biopsy and were cultivated in vitro. Approximately 30 million of cultured chondrocytes per ml were incorporated with autologous plasma-derived fibrin to form three-dimensional construct. Full-thickness punch hole defects were created in lateral and medial femoral condyles. The defects were implanted either with the autologous 'chondrocytes-fibrin' construct (ACFC), autologous chondrocytes (ACI) or fibrin blank (AF). Sheep were euthanized after 12 weeks. The gross morphology of all defects treated with ACFC implantation, ACI and AF exhibited median scores which correspond to a nearly normal appearance according to the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) classification. ACFC significantly enhanced cartilage repair compared to ACI and AF in accordance with the modified O'Driscoll histological scoring scale. The relative sulphated glycosaminoglycans content (%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in ACFC when compared to control groups; ACI vs. fibrin only vs. untreated (blank). Results showed that ACFC implantation exhibited superior cartilage-like tissue regeneration compared to ACI. If the result is applicable to the human, it possibly will improve the existing treatment approaches for cartilage restoration in orthopaedic surgery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Models, Animal
  12. Mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells acquire CD45-CD106+ immunophenotype only at later passages
    Ooi YY, Ramasamy R, Vidyadaran S
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:65-6.
    PMID: 19024986
    Classically, MSC are identified by a CD45-CD106+ phenotype. In this study, we found that mouse MSC achieve this characteristic phenotype only at later passages. With increasing passages, CD45 (hematopoietic marker) expression shifts to negativity, whereas CD106 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) expression becomes increasingly positive. These results demonstrate that MSC cells cultured from mouse bone marrow acquire a classical MSC immunophenotype (CD45-CD106+) in later passages.
    Matched MeSH terms: Models, Animal
  13. Fulltext Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of the aqueous extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaves in experimental animals
    Zakaria ZA, Wen LY, Abdul Rahman NI, Abdul Ayub AH, Sulaiman MR, Gopalan HK
    Med Princ Pract, 2007;16(6):443-9.
    PMID: 17917444
    The present study was carried out to determine the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of the aqueous extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaves using animal models.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Models, Animal
  14. Non-myeloablative conditioning for hemopoietic stem cell transplantation--does it work?
    Cheong SK, Eow GI, Leong CF
    Malays J Pathol, 2002 Jun;24(1):1-8.
    PMID: 16329549
    Allogeneic bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation traditionally uses myeloablative regimen for conditioning to enable grafting of donor's stem cells. Animal experiments have shown that a milder non-myeloablative conditioning regimen does allow engraftment to occur. Nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens are low-intensity immunosuppressive treatment given to the recipient before infusion of donor's stem cells. It was reported to have decreased immediate procedural mortality, in particular those secondary to acute graft versus host reaction. However, it did give rise to higher risks of graft rejection, tumour tolerance and disease progression. Fortunately, appropriately administered donor lymphocyte infusion has been shown to establish full donor chimerism (complete donor stem cell grafting in the recipient's bone marrow) and potentiate antitumour effect (graft versus tumour reaction). The reduction of immediate transplant mortality allows the procedure to be carried out in older age groups, patients with concomitant diseases that otherwise would have made the patients unfit for the procedure, patients with non-malignant disorders such as congenital immune deficiencies, autoimmune disorders or thalassaemia majors. The regimen also allows transplantation of genetically manipulated haemopoietic stem cells (gene thrapy) to be carried out more readily in the immediate future. Lastly, the regimen may serve as a platform for immunotherapy using specific T cell clones for anti-tumour therapy with or without the knowledge of known tumour antigen.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Models, Animal
  15. The many faces of chlamydiae
    Ngeow Y
    Malays J Pathol, 2000 Dec;22(2):55-64.
    PMID: 16329536
    The application of modern research tools has broadened our understanding of the chlamydiae and their role in disease. Chlamydial genome analysis showed the presence of genes for ATP and peptidoglycan synthesis, contradicting the common belief that chlamydiae lack the ability to produce these compounds. Phylogenetic tree analysis suggests that chlamydiae could have evolved from an intracellular existence in amoebae. Newly discovered obligate intracellular organisms with chlamydia-like life-cycles have been classified as chlamydiae by rRNA homology with existing chlamydial species. A proposed new classification adds three new families to the order Chlamydiales as well as creates two genera and nine species within the family Chlamydiaceae. Chlamydiae are incriminated in an increasingly large spectrum of diseases both in humans and in animals. The emergence of multi-drug resistant C. trachomatis strains forewarns therapeutic problems with this organism. While C. pneumoniae remains a significant respiratory pathogen, the role it plays in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease awaits definition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Models, Animal
  16. Fulltext Decreased expression of alpha-2-HS glycoprotein in the sera of rats treated with Eurycoma longifolia extract
    Chen Y, Phang WM, Mu AK, Chan CK, Low BS, Sasidharan S, et al.
    Front Pharmacol, 2015;6:211.
    PMID: 26441666 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00211
    Eurycoma longifolia is a Malaysian native herb that has been widely used as an aphrodisiac and a remedy for andropause. Although the physiological effects of the plant extract were predicted as a result of the alterations in protein expression, the key protein(s) involved in these alterations are still unclear. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of standardized E. longifolia extract on serum protein expression up to 28 days following oral administration in rats. Serum protein profiles were analyzed by 2-dimensional electrophoresis, and altered proteins were identified via mass spectrometry. We observed that alpha-2-HS glycoprotein (AHS) was significantly decreased in the serum of experimentally treated rats compared to pre-treated animals. Moreover, reduction in AHS was confirmed using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AHS expression is known to be associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. Our data indicated that serum AHS was reduced in rats treated with standardized E. longifolia extract, and therefore form a prelude for further investigation into the effects of this natural extract in animal models involving infertility and diabetes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Models, Animal
  17. Photophobia in a blind eye after removal of a progressive orbital optic glioma with denervation
    Loh CK, Weis B, van Velthoven V, Reiff C, Rössler J
    J Neurol Sci, 2015 Nov 15;358(1-2):522-4.
    PMID: 26474792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.09.375
    Optic glioma (OPG) accounts for 4-8% of all brain tumors in children. En-block removal of intraorbital tumor is recommended in cases with disfiguring exophthalmos and impaired vision. Surgical resection of intraorbital optic nerve (ON) poses the risks of permanent ptosis and globe atrophy. We present here the case of a 4-year-old boy with exophthalmos and near blindness due to an intraorbital OPG. Despite chemotherapy he showed progressive exophthalmos and vision loss. Bony orbital decompression with ON transection temporally reduced his exophthalmos. OPG resection was required later for recurrence of his exophthalmos secondary to tumor progression. Post operatively, he had preserved oculomotor nerve functions but developed globe ischemia. Unusually, his ischemic globe caused him to have pain and severe photophobia, which later lead to enucleation. Photophobia has been reported in blind patients. Animal models and MRI functional imaging showed activation of trigeminal pathway during photophobia in completely transected ON. However, the exact neuro-ophthalmology pathway requires further study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Models, Animal
  18. Chronic mitragynine (kratom) enhances punishment resistance in natural reward seeking and impairs place learning in mice
    Ismail NIW, Jayabalan N, Mansor SM, Müller CP, Muzaimi M
    Addict Biol, 2017 Jul;22(4):967-976.
    PMID: 26990882 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12385
    Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a widely abused herbal drug preparation in Southeast Asia. It is often consumed as a substitute for heroin, but imposing itself unknown harms and addictive burdens. Mitragynine is the major psychostimulant constituent of kratom that has recently been reported to induce morphine-like behavioural and cognitive effects in rodents. The effects of chronic consumption on non-drug related behaviours are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chronic mitragynine treatment on spontaneous activity, reward-related behaviour and cognition in mice in an IntelliCage® system, and compared them with those of morphine and Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). We found that chronic mitragynine treatment significantly potentiated horizontal exploratory activity. It enhanced spontaneous sucrose preference and also its persistence when the preference had aversive consequences. Furthermore, mitragynine impaired place learning and its reversal. Thereby, mitragynine effects closely resembled that of morphine and THC sensitisation. These findings suggest that chronic mitragynine exposure enhances spontaneous locomotor activity and the preference for natural rewards, but impairs learning and memory. These findings confirm pleiotropic effects of mitragynine (kratom) on human lifestyle, but may also support the recognition of the drug's harm potential.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Models, Animal
  19. Fulltext A Consistent Orally-Infected Hamster Model for Enterovirus A71 Encephalomyelitis Demonstrates Squamous Lesions in the Paws, Skin and Oral Cavity Reminiscent of Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease
    Phyu WK, Ong KC, Wong KT
    PLoS One, 2016;11(1):e0147463.
    PMID: 26815859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147463
    Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) causes self-limiting, hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) that may rarely be complicated by encephalomyelitis. Person-to-person transmission is usually by fecal-oral or oral-oral routes. To study viral replication sites in the oral cavity and other tissues, and to gain further insights into virus shedding and neuropathogenesis, we developed a consistent, orally-infected, 2-week-old hamster model of HFMD and EV-A71 encephalomyelitis. Tissues from orally-infected, 2-week-old hamsters were studied by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to detect viral antigens and RNA, respectively, and by virus titration. Hamsters developed the disease and died after 4-8 days post infection; LD50 was 25 CCID50. Macroscopic cutaneous lesions around the oral cavity and paws were observed. Squamous epithelium in the lip, oral cavity, paw, skin, and esophagus, showed multiple small inflammatory foci around squamous cells that demonstrated viral antigens/RNA. Neurons (brainstem, spinal cord, sensory ganglia), acinar cells (salivary gland, lacrimal gland), lymphoid cells (lymph node, spleen), and muscle fibres (skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles), liver and gastric epithelium also showed varying amounts of viral antigens/RNA. Intestinal epithelium, Peyer's patches, thymus, pancreas, lung and kidney were negative. Virus was isolated from oral washes, feces, brain, spinal cord, skeletal muscle, serum, and other tissues. Our animal model should be useful to study squamous epitheliotropism, neuropathogenesis, oral/fecal shedding in EV-A71 infection, person-to-person transmission, and to test anti-viral drugs and vaccines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Models, Animal
  20. Antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects of zerumbone on a mouse model of chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain
    Zulazmi NA, Gopalsamy B, Farouk AA, Sulaiman MR, Bharatham BH, Perimal EK
    Fitoterapia, 2015 Sep;105:215-21.
    PMID: 26205045 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.07.011
    Neuropathic pain is a chronic condition that is difficult to be treated. Current therapies available are either ineffective or non-specific thus requiring newer treatment approaches. In this study, we investigated the antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects of zerumbone, a bioactive sesquiterpene from Zingiber zerumbet in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain animal model. Our findings showed that single and repeated dose of intra-peritoneal administration of zerumbone (5, 10, 50, 100 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the CCI-induced neuropathic pain when evaluated using the electronic von Frey anesthesiometer, cold plate, Randall-Selitto analgesiometer and the Hargreaves plantar test. Zerumbone significantly alleviated tactile and cold allodynia as well as mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Our findings are in comparison to the positive control drugs thatused gabapentin (20 mg/kgi.p.) and morphine (1 mg/kgi.p.). Together, these results showed that the systemic administration of zerumbone produced marked antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects in the CCI-induced neuropathic pain in mice and may serve as a potential lead compound for further analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Models, Animal
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