Displaying publications 201 - 220 of 852 in total

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  1. Effect of dissolution times on compressive properties and energy absorption of aluminum foam
    NUR SURIANNI AHAMAD SUFFIN, ANASYIDA ABU SEMAN, ZUHAILAWATI HUSSAIN
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1755-1761.
    Aluminum foams were fabricated by sintering dissolution process (SDP) using sodium chloride (NaCl) as space holder. The compositions of space holder, used in this study were 40 and 60 wt. % with different dissolution times; 1, 2 and 3 h. The effect of different dissolution times on compressive behavior and energy absorption of foams were evaluated. The result showed that by increasing space holder and dissolution times, energy absorption capability increases. For aluminum foam contains 60 wt. % NaCl, longer dissolution times resulted in thinner cell wall and cell structure become more unstable which lead to lower plateau region.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride
  2. Aqueous extract of cornsilk confers mild diuretic activity in normal rats
    W.I. Wan Rosli, M.A. Solihah, A.R. Nurhanan, W.A. Wan Amir Nizam
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1167-1174.
    Cornsilk is traditionally used to treat illnesses related to kidney and as diuretic agent. The study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of Malaysian cornsilk in elevating diuresis and their dose response relationship in normal Sprague-Dawley rat. The diuresis activity was determined by administered the rats with different dose treatments of 400, 500, 600, 700 and 800 mg/kg. Cumulative urine was significantly increased with the dosage levels (400-600 mg/ kg) ranging from 14.06 - 20.13 mL. Cumulative urine of aqueous extract of cornsilk (AEC) at 400 mg/kg (14.06 mL) and 500 mg/kg (15.21 mL) treatments found to be significantly lower than positive control (21.25 mL). In addition, Na+ content was significantly higher compared with negative control at dosages of 500, 600, 700 and 800 mg/kg. At any rate, K+ and Cl- content of all AEC treatments were not significantly different during 24 h monitoring. The pH values were increased paralleled with the increment of AEC dosages, though it was not significant. On the other result, the ED50 of AEC was observed at 454.10 mg/kg. Malaysian AEC had shown a mild diuretic activity in elevating urine and Na+ content at dosages from 500 to 800 mg/kg. Whilst, AEC also showed an effect of potassium sparing diuretics. Thus, it is suggested that Malaysian cornsilk can be used as an alternative natural diuretic agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium
  3. The nutritional composition of mayonnaise and salad dressing in the Malaysian market
    Aswir Abd Rashed, Mohd Fairulnizal Md Noh, Norhayati Mustafa Khalid, Mohd Naeem Mohd Nawi, Mohd Azerulazree Jamilan, Nurul `Izzah Ab Rahman, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:139-147.
    Mayonnaise and salad dressing are fast becoming popular condiments for Malaysian. The aim of this study was to
    obtain the nutritional composition of mayonnaise and salad dressing commercially available in the Malaysian market.
    The data will be used to update the Malaysian Food Composition Database which was last updated in 1997. A total of
    six brands from each type of mayonnaise and salad dressing were sampled from local supermarkets in the Klang Valley
    and analysed using standard methods. The validity of test data was monitored with the application of internal quality
    controls in line with the requirements of ISO 17025. The energy contents of mayonnaise and salad dressings were up to
    626.40 kcal/100 g. Our findings were also in agreement with the energy labelling on the packaging. Sodium was high in
    mayonnaise and salad dressing because it is used in the final mixture of both condiments to improve their characteristics
    for certain reasons. Mayonnaise and salad dressing have been identified as potent sources of vitamin A and vitamin
    E and both condiments were found to contain high levels of these antioxidants. It can be concluded that this study are
    useful not only in providing information on the nutritional content of several commercial types of mayonnaise and salad
    dressing, but also in improving the public understanding of healthy food choices.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium
  4. Microscopic study of AOT and CTAB anionic-rich catanionic phase
    Chun YT, Kok SK, Shahidan Radiman, Irman Abdul Rahman, Nur Farhana Amari
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:623-628.
    Catanionic system using anionic sodium bis-(2ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (Am) and cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (cTAB) is studied. The system is prepared by addition of CTAB solution to a prepared AOT solution until slight anionic-rich catanionic phase is produced. Catanionic system consists of the mixture of different types of surfactants and counterion due to electrostatic interaction between the oppositely charged surfactant. Both of these products affect the in surface activity of the surfactant. Hydrodynamic diameters decrease and clearer solution were seen with the increase of CTAB concentration in solution mixture. As a result, mixed surfactant with larger hydrophobic region and the presence of counterion will induce smaller vesicle to form in catanionic system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium
  5. Origin of formation water salinity variation and its geological significance in Chang 9 Stratum, Jiyuan Oilfield
    Hua Yang, Jinhua Fu, Yujiang Shi, Yumei Cheng, Haitao Zhang, Zhiqiang Mao, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:9-18.
    The origin of formation water salinity variation in Chang 9 stratum, Jiyuan oilfield, Ordos basin is studied here. 91 formation water samples show that water salinity is characterized by a wide range and a complex plane distribution. In order to find out the main cause of such distribution complexity and reveal the relationship between formation water and evolution of reservoir traps, core data, chemical analysis result of formation water and log data are analyzed from perspectives of diagenesis and tectonism. And then, their characteristics are presented as the followings. In high salinity area, tuffaceous mudstone interlayer is found growing. Besides, the condition of Na++K+ is opposite to that of Ca2+, for its rate of concentration increase slows down with total salinity accumulating. In low salinity area, while, with fracture and faults developing, some formation water of CaCl2 type turns into MgCl2, NaHCO3 or Na2SO4 type. The cause is thus proposed to be composed of two aspects. One covers tuff alteration and later diagenesis for the high salinity. To be specific, montmorillonite, developed from tuff alteration, absorbs cation selectively and then ions migrate, during which more Na++K+ get lost, while more Ca2+ reserved. Afterwards, those reserved Ca2+ get released with montmorillonite transforming to illite, which results in a loss of Na++K+ and accumulation of Ca2+. Lots of ions are released into formation water during that process and later diagenetic process, which leads to the high water salinity. The other aspect is the development of faults and fractures, through which, the upper low salinity formation water gets connected. And that is the main cause of low salinity. At last, geological significance is discussed from two angles. Firstly, tuff alteration and later diagenesis are pivotal to reservoir reconstruction; and secondly, faults and fractures play an important role in oil transportation and storage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium
  6. Dehydrogenation Properties and Catalytic Mechanism of the K2NiF6-Doped NaAlH4 System
    Mustafa NS, Yahya MS, Sazelee N, Ali NA, Ismail M
    ACS Omega, 2018 Dec 31;3(12):17100-17107.
    PMID: 31458330 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02281
    The K2NiF6 catalytic effect on the NaAlH4 dehydrogenation properties was studied in this work. The desorption temperature was studied using temperature-programmed desorption and exhibited a lower onset hydrogen release after doped with different wt % of K2NiF6 (5, 10, 15 and 20 wt %). It was found that the NaAlH4 doped with 5 wt % K2NiF6 showed the optimal value that can reduce the onset desorption temperature of about 160 °C compared to 190 °C for the milled NaAlH4. The NaAlH4 + 5 wt % K2NiF6 sample showed faster desorption kinetics where 1.5 wt % of hydrogen was released in 30 min at 150 °C. In contrast, the milled NaAlH4 only released about 0.2 wt % within the same time and temperature. From the Kissinger analysis, the apparent activation energy was 114.7 kJ/mol for the milled NaAlH4 and 89.9 kJ/mol for the NaAlH4-doped 5 wt % K2NiF6, indicating that the addition of K2NiF6 reduced the activation energy for hydrogen desorption of NaAlH4. It is deduced that the new phases of AlNi, NaF, and KH that were formed in situ during the dehydrogenation process are the key factors for the improvement of dehydrogenation properties of NaAlH4.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Compounds
  7. Sodium anilinide-cyclohexylamide pair: synthesis, characterization, and hydrogen storage properties
    Jing Z, Yu Y, Chen R, Tan KC, He T, Wu A, et al.
    Chem Commun (Camb), 2020 Jan 22.
    PMID: 31967625 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08593a
    The lack of efficient hydrogen storage material is one of the bottlenecks for the large-scale implementation of hydrogen energy. Here, a series of new hydrogen storage materials, i.e., anilinide-cyclohexylamide pairs, are proposed via the metallation of an aniline-cyclohexylamine pair. DFT calculations show that the enthalpy change of hydrogen desorption (ΔHd) can be significantly tuned from 60.0 kJ per mol-H2 for the pristine aniline-cyclohexylamine pair to 42.2 kJ per mol-H2 for sodium anilinide-cyclohexylamide and 38.7 kJ per mol-H2 for potassium anilinide-cyclohexylamide, where an interesting correlation between the electronegativity of the metal and the ΔHd was observed. Experimentally, the sodium anilinide-cyclohexylamide pair was successfully synthesised with a theoretical hydrogen capacity of 4.9 wt%, and the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation cycle can be achieved at a relatively low temperature of 150 °C in the presence of commercial catalysts, in clear contrast to the pristine aniline-cyclohexylamine pair which undergoes dehydrogenation at elevated temperatures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium
  8. Fulltext Thermal Resistance Variations of Fly Ash Geopolymers: Foaming Responses
    Cheng-Yong H, Yun-Ming L, Abdullah MM, Hussin K
    Sci Rep, 2017 03 27;7:45355.
    PMID: 28345643 DOI: 10.1038/srep45355
    This paper presents a comparative study of the characteristic of unfoamed and foamed geopolymers after exposure to elevated temperatures (200-800 °C). Unfoamed geopolymers were produced with Class F fly ash and sodium hydroxide and liquid sodium silicate. Porous geopolymers were prepared by foaming with hydrogen peroxide. Unfoamed geopolymers possessed excellent strength of 44.2 MPa and degraded 34% to 15 MPa in foamed geopolymers. The strength of unfoamed geopolymers decreased to 5 MPa with increasing temperature up to 800 °C. Foamed geopolymers behaved differently whereby they deteriorated to 3 MPa at 400 °C and increased up to 11 MPa at 800 °C. Even so, the geopolymers could withstand high temperature without any disintegration and spalling up to 800 °C. The formation of crystalline phases at higher temperature was observed deteriorating the strength of unfoamed geopolymers but enhance the strength of foamed geopolymers. In comparison, foamed geopolymer had better thermal resistance than unfoamed geopolymers as pores provide rooms to counteract the internal damage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Hydroxide
  9. Fulltext Biodiesel from Pungam seed oil and Its effects on engine performance with a computerized engine test rig
    MohanRaj, T., Kumar, K. Murugu Mohan, Kumar, Perumal
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2011;19(1):117-127.
    MyJurnal
    Vegetable oil has become more attractive recently because of its environmental benefits and better
    quality exhaust emission. A well-known transesterification process made biodiesel, pungam seed oil was selected for biodiesel production. Pungam seed oil is non-edible oil, thus, food versus fuel conflict will not arise if this is used for biodiesel production. A maximum of 75% biodiesel was produced with 20% methanol in the presence of 0.5% sodium hydroxide. The experimental investigations were carried out in an engine that is coupled with an eddy current dynamometer. The engine is a single cylinder water-cooled, direct injection diesel engine developing a power output of 3.7 kW at 1500 rev/min. The crank angle encoder measured the engine speed, whereas the piezo electric sensors measured the cylinder pressure and the fuel injection pressure. The experimental investigations were carried out for bio-diesel and diesel and the results were compared. From the experimental results, it is concluded that the use of bio-diesel as an alternative fuel leads to significant reduction in emissions and improved performance of diesel engines. This paper discusses the production process of biodiesel from Pungam seed oil and its performance in the compression ignition engine.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Hydroxide
  10. Fulltext Ionic conductivity of MG30-PEMA blend solid polymer electrolyte
    Ayub, S.F., Nazir, K., Aziz, A.F., Ali, A.M.M., Saaid, S.I.Y., Yahya, M.Z.A.
    Scientific Research Journal, 2015;12(2):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    This paper presents on ionic conductivity of MG30-PEMA blend solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) prepared by solution cast technique. The analysis has shown that conductivity increases with the increasing salt composition. It is observed via x-ray diffraction analysis that the crystallinity of the sample decreased with the amount of salt composition as expected. It is also observed that the dielectric value increases with increasing amount of LiCF3SO3 in the sample. Surface morphology revealed that ion aggregation occurred after optimum conductivity which has lowered the conductivity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride, Dietary
  11. Fulltext EFFECT OF PEA PROTEIN ISOLATE, CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE, PECTIN AND THEIR INTERACTION ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS
    NG PEI QI, NOR HAYATI IBRAHIM, AZLIN SHAFRINA HASIM
    UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2019;1(2):8-18.
    MyJurnal
    Biopolymer interaction in oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions has been demonstrated to positively modify the emulsion physicochemical properties which lead to desirable stability. The present work focused on the effect of pea protein isolate (PPI), pectin, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and their interaction on physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of o/w emulsions using a mixture design approach. The emulsions were prepared with 40 % sunflower oil stabilized with 1 % of PPI, pectin and CMC, respectively, as well as their mixtures according to a simplex-centroid design (10 points). ThepH values for all emulsions were within acidic condition (3.22 to 4.66) and increased significantly (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium
  12. Fulltext Experimental data on the properties of pelletization of palm kernel shell using sago starch and sodium acetate
    Halim SA, Razali N, Mohd N
    Data Brief, 2020 Dec;33:106535.
    PMID: 34026955 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106535
    Pellet mixed with 5 wt% and 10 wt% of binders was tested. The pelleting process was performed using a pellet mill operated at 100 °C and at 50 MPa. The physical and chemical characteristics including hardness, high heating value and proximate analysis of pellet produces were obtained using durometer and through thermographic analysis and the results were reported in this paper. Bulk and unit density were determined according to ASABE standard. The dataset presented here are the data of palm kernel shell pellet prepared using two types of binder; (1) sago starch and (2) sodium acetate. The pelletization of palm kernel shell aimed to increase the density and strength of the palm kernel shell pellet and consequently provide better thermal degradation characteristics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Acetate
  13. Effectiveness of table salt versus copper sulphate in treating umbilical granuloma: A pilot randomized controlled trial
    Chung KJ, Chin YM, Wong MS, Sanmugam A, Singaravel S, Nah SA
    J Pediatr Surg, 2022 Feb;57(2):261-265.
    PMID: 34838305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.10.032
    BACKGROUND: Umbilical granuloma is a common infantile condition which usually responds to non operative management. Copper sulphate (CuSO4) is often used as chemical cauterization but can cause superficial skin burns. An alternative is table salt (NaCl), which osmotically dehydrates wet granulation tissue causing necrosis. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of NaCl versus CuSO4 in treating umbilical granuloma.

    METHOD: We performed a multi centerrandomized controlled trial involving three regional pediatricsurgical units. We included children who presented with umbilical granuloma from December 2018 to May 2020. Children who received treatment prior to index visit were excluded. They were randomly allocated to receive NaCl (twice/day application for 5 days by caregiver) or CuSO4 (single application by clinician). Demographic data, compliance in the NaCl group by pill counting method, treatment outcomes, and complications were recorded. Treatment success was defined as complete lesion resolution. Partial or no response was considered treatment failure. Subsequent treatment then reverted to the respective center's routine management.

    RESULT: We recruited 70 participants with 6 dropouts (2 defaulters, 1 vitellointestinal duct, 3 urachal remnants), leaving 64 subjects for final analysis: 31 NaCl, 33 CuSO4. Compliance rate of 77.4% was recorded for NaCl, with 6 (20%) 'poor compliance' participants stopping therapy before completion owing to complete resolution. NaCl group had a significantly higher complete resolution rate (90.4%) compared to CuSO4 (69.7%), p = 0.040. No NaCl participant developed complications versus 9% (n = 3) in CuSO4 (periumbilical superficial skin burn).

    CONCLUSION: Table salt is an ideal treatment choice for umbilical granuloma as it is effective, safe, and readily available.

    LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride, Dietary
  14. Spatial distribution of copepods along the salinity gradient of Perai river estuary, Penang, Malaysia
    Johan I, Maznah WO, Mashhor M, Abu Hena MK, Amin SM
    Pak J Biol Sci, 2012 Jul 01;15(13):647-52.
    PMID: 24218935
    Investigation on copepod communities in Perai river estuary was conducted from November 2005 to May 2006. Five stations were established for monthly sampling and were located from the river mouth to the upper reaches of the river. Copepod samples were collected from vertical tows using a standard zooplankton net. The Perai river estuary was slightly stratified and salinity decreases significantly from the mouth of the river towards the upper reaches of the river. A total of 28 species of copepods were recorded and comprised of 14 families, Paracalanidae, Oithonidae, Corycaeidae, Acartiidae, Calanidae, Centropagidae, Eucalanidae, Pontellidae, Pseudodiaptomidae, Tortanidae, Ectinosomatidae, Euterpinidae, Clausidiidae and Cyclopidae. A total of 10 species showed high positive affiliation towards salinity (R > 0.60), Acartia spinicauda, Euterpina acutifrons, Microsetella norvegica, Oithona nana, Oithona simplex, Paracalanus crassirostris, Paracalanus elegans, Paracalanus parvus, Pseudodiaptomus sp. and Hemicyclops sp. The copepod species Pseudodiaptomus dauglishi were negatively affiliated towards salinity (R = -0.71). The copepod assemblages classified into two distinct groups according to salinity regimes, euryhaline-polyhaline group (25 marine affiliated species) and oligohaline-mesohaline group (3 freshwater affiliated species).
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride
  15. Reduction of mercury from mackerel fillet using combined solution of cysteine, EDTA, and sodium chloride
    Hajeb P, Jinap S
    J Agric Food Chem, 2012 Jun 13;60(23):6069-76.
    PMID: 22515475 DOI: 10.1021/jf300582j
    An acidic solution containing mercury chelating agents to eliminate mercury in raw fish (mackerel) fillet was developed. The solution contained hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, cysteine, EDTA, and NaCl. The optimum conditions for mercury reduction were achieved using response surface methodology (RSM) at cysteine concentration of 1.25%, EDTA of 275 mg/L, NaCl of 0.5%, pH of 3.75, and exposure time of 18 min. The optimized conditions produced a solution which can remove up to 91% mercury from raw fish fillet. Cysteine and EDTA were identified as potential chelating agents with the greatest potential for use. The solution can be employed in fish industries to reduce mercury in highly contaminated fish.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride/chemistry; Sodium Hydroxide/chemistry
  16. Multinuclear MR and multilevel data processing: an insight into morphologic assessment of in vivo knee articular cartilage
    Hani AF, Kumar D, Malik AS, Walter N, Razak R, Kiflie A
    Acad Radiol, 2015 Jan;22(1):93-104.
    PMID: 25481518 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2014.08.008
    Quantitative assessment of knee articular cartilage (AC) morphology using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging requires an accurate segmentation and 3D reconstruction. However, automatic AC segmentation and 3D reconstruction from hydrogen-based MR images alone is challenging because of inhomogeneous intensities, shape irregularity, and low contrast existing in the cartilage region. Thus, the objective of this research was to provide an insight into morphologic assessment of AC using multilevel data processing of multinuclear ((23)Na and (1)H) MR knee images.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium/metabolism*; Sodium Isotopes/pharmacokinetics
  17. A real-world experience of a prescribing policy for SGLT2-inhibitors in HFrEF in a Malaysian public tertiary cardiac centre
    Yong VS, Yen CH, Saharudin S, Tan SL, Kaukiah NF, Liew HB
    Med J Malaysia, 2024 Mar;79(2):237-239.
    PMID: 38553932
    A prescribing policy for SGLT2-inhibitors was implemented in a local public tertiary cardiology centre in Sabah to improve access for heart failure (HF) patients. The study evaluated 169 HF patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who met the policy criteria. After starting SGLT2- inhibitors, a significant proportion of patients experienced decreased NTproBNP levels, indicating a positive response. HF hospitalisation rates within 1 year were lower compared to the previous year. No adverse events were reported, suggesting that the treatment is safe. Findings demonstrates the benefits of implementing prescribing policies to enhance treatment accessibility and generate valuable real-world data at the local healthcare level..
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2
  18. Fulltext Urinary Sodium and Potassium, and Risk of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke (INTERSTROKE): A Case-Control Study
    Judge C, O'Donnell MJ, Hankey GJ, Rangarajan S, Chin SL, Rao-Melacini P, et al.
    Am J Hypertens, 2021 04 20;34(4):414-425.
    PMID: 33197265 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa176
    BACKGROUND: Although low sodium intake (<2 g/day) and high potassium intake (>3.5 g/day) are proposed as public health interventions to reduce stroke risk, there is uncertainty about the benefit and feasibility of this combined recommendation on prevention of stroke.

    METHODS: We obtained random urine samples from 9,275 cases of acute first stroke and 9,726 matched controls from 27 countries and estimated the 24-hour sodium and potassium excretion, a surrogate for intake, using the Tanaka formula. Using multivariable conditional logistic regression, we determined the associations of estimated 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion with stroke and its subtypes.

    RESULTS: Compared with an estimated urinary sodium excretion of 2.8-3.5 g/day (reference), higher (>4.26 g/day) (odds ratio [OR] 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65-2.00) and lower (<2.8 g/day) sodium excretion (OR 1.39; 95% CI, 1.26-1.53) were significantly associated with increased risk of stroke. The stroke risk associated with the highest quartile of sodium intake (sodium excretion >4.26 g/day) was significantly greater (P < 0.001) for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) (OR 2.38; 95% CI, 1.93-2.92) than for ischemic stroke (OR 1.67; 95% CI, 1.50-1.87). Urinary potassium was inversely and linearly associated with risk of stroke, and stronger for ischemic stroke than ICH (P = 0.026). In an analysis of combined sodium and potassium excretion, the combination of high potassium intake (>1.58 g/day) and moderate sodium intake (2.8-3.5 g/day) was associated with the lowest risk of stroke.

    CONCLUSIONS: The association of sodium intake and stroke is J-shaped, with high sodium intake a stronger risk factor for ICH than ischemic stroke. Our data suggest that moderate sodium intake-rather than low sodium intake-combined with high potassium intake may be associated with the lowest risk of stroke and expected to be a more feasible combined dietary target.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Sodium; Sodium, Dietary
  19. Effects of salinity and pre-exposure on acute cadmium toxicity to seabass, Lates calcarifer
    Shazili NA
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 1995 Jan;54(1):22-8.
    PMID: 7756781
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride/metabolism; Sodium Chloride/pharmacology*
  20. Fulltext Rice starch low sodium oral rehydration solution (ORS) in infantile diarrhoea
    Iyngkaran N, Yadav M
    Med J Malaysia, 1995 Jun;50(2):141-4.
    PMID: 7565183
    The relative efficacy and incidence of hypernatremia of a rice starch based low sodium (sodium of 60 mmol/L) oral electrolyte solution was compared to the standard WHO oral rehydration solution (ORS; sodium 90 mmol/L) in 60 infants with non choleragenic acute diarrhoea. Both solutions were found to be equally effective in correcting dehydration as determined by the respective post hydration weight gain which was 150 +/- 175 gms in the rice starch low sodium ORS group and 164 +/- 125 gms in the standard WHO ORS group. However, the mean frequency of stools was greater and the duration of stay longer in the WHO ORS group compared to the rice starch low sodium group. There were 5 cases of hypernatremia in the WHO ORS group as opposed to only one in the rice starch low sodium ORS group. The present study shows that a rice starch low sodium ORS was as effective as the standard WHO ORS and had a lower incidence of hypernatremia in the fluid and electrolyte management of infants with non choleragenic diarrhoea.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium/administration & dosage*; Sodium/therapeutic use
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