Displaying publications 2761 - 2780 of 5120 in total

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  1. The many faces of chlamydiae
    Ngeow Y
    Malays J Pathol, 2000 Dec;22(2):55-64.
    PMID: 16329536
    The application of modern research tools has broadened our understanding of the chlamydiae and their role in disease. Chlamydial genome analysis showed the presence of genes for ATP and peptidoglycan synthesis, contradicting the common belief that chlamydiae lack the ability to produce these compounds. Phylogenetic tree analysis suggests that chlamydiae could have evolved from an intracellular existence in amoebae. Newly discovered obligate intracellular organisms with chlamydia-like life-cycles have been classified as chlamydiae by rRNA homology with existing chlamydial species. A proposed new classification adds three new families to the order Chlamydiales as well as creates two genera and nine species within the family Chlamydiaceae. Chlamydiae are incriminated in an increasingly large spectrum of diseases both in humans and in animals. The emergence of multi-drug resistant C. trachomatis strains forewarns therapeutic problems with this organism. While C. pneumoniae remains a significant respiratory pathogen, the role it plays in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease awaits definition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chlamydia Infections/pathology
  2. Laboratory accidents--a matter of attitude
    Karim N, Choe CK
    Malays J Pathol, 2000 Dec;22(2):85-9.
    PMID: 16329540
    This is a prospective study on accidents occurring in the Pathology laboratories of Hospital Ipoh over the 3-year period from January 1996 to October 1999. 15 mishaps were recorded. The location of the accidents were the histology (40%), microbiology (33%), haematology (20%) and cytology (7%) laboratories. No mishaps were reported from the clinical chemistry, blood bank and outpatient laboratories. Cuts by sharp objects were the most common injuries sustained (47%) followed by splashes and squirts by fluid such as blood or chemicals (27%). There was 1 case each of contact with biohazardous fluid, burn, allergy and accidental drinking of disinfectant. 67% of the accidents involved medical laboratory technicians, 20% involved attendants and the rest were medical officers and the junior laboratory technicians. Although the accidents reported appeared trivial, it is vital to document them and bring them to the attention of all concerned in the laboratory, in order to prevent major accidents and also because of medico-legal implications. The role of the Laboratory Safety Committee cannot be overemphasised. Modification of staff attitude is considered an important remedial goal.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pathology Department, Hospital*
  3. Enterovirus 71 infection induces apoptosis in Vero cells
    Chan YF, Abubakar S
    Malays J Pathol, 2003 Jun;25(1):29-35.
    PMID: 16196375
    The effects of Enterovirus 71 (HEV71) infection on African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) were investigated. It was found that the infected cells showed progressive cellular morphological changes characteristic in apoptotic cells within 10 hours post-infection. The number of apoptotic cells correlated significantly with the number of HEV71 antigen positive cells when cells were labeled using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and stained for HEV71 antigen. Approximately 11, 26, 45 and 50% of the infected cells were apoptotic at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours post-infection, respectively. Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, characteristic in the late stage of apoptosis was noted beginning on day 2 post-infection. The DNA fragmentation, however, was absent in cells treated with the heat- and ultraviolet light-inactivated virus inocula. These results demonstrate the capacity of HEV71 to induce apoptosis in the infected cells. The induction, however, requires high level of HEV71 infectivity and the presence of live virus particles, suggesting the need for the presence of specific viral proteins for apoptosis to occur.
    Matched MeSH terms: Enterovirus Infections/pathology*
  4. Aetiology and classification of acute liver failure
    Rosmawati M
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:125-6.
    PMID: 16108192
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Failure, Acute/pathology
  5. Liver transplantation in chronic hepatitis B
    Gane E
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:88-9.
    PMID: 16108183
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B, Chronic/pathology
  6. Fulltext Clinical and endoscopic features of peptic ulcer bleeding in Malaysia
    Kandasami P, Harjit K, Hanafiah H
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59(5):617-22.
    PMID: 15889564 MyJurnal
    The characteristics of patients and the endoscopic features of 196 patients with bleeding peptic ulcer in a multi-ethnic population were investigated. There was a male preponderance (M: F= 6.3: 1) and their mean age was 63.5 years. The prevalence of peptic ulcer bleeding in the Malays and Indians was similar to the ethnic distribution of population. However, the Chinese were over represented. Nearly 40% of patients studied had at least one co-existing medical illness. Hypertension and ischaemic heart disease were the most common diseases. History of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug usage was identified in 48% of the patients and it was the commonest risk factor associated with bleeding ulcers. More than 80% of bleeding ulcers were located in the duodenum and the pylorus. Endoscopic features of active bleeding or recent bleed were identified in more than 60% of the patients. The study notes that bleeding peptic ulcer is a serious and a potentially life threatening condition. It is a disease of the elderly and, with the steadily increasing elderly population in the country, the admissions rates of peptic ulcer bleeding is expected to rise. There is a need to plan for appropriate technical support, critical care facilities and expertise to avoid unacceptable outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage/pathology*
  7. Histomorphometric changes in the vessel wall at the site of amputation in diabetic patients--do they influence healing of the stump?
    Naidu SV, Sengupta S
    J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2005 Apr;13(1):3-7.
    PMID: 15872394
    To predict healing of the stump by assessing the microscopic vascular changes at the amputation site.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amputation Stumps/physiopathology; Blood Vessels/pathology*
  8. Fulltext Quality of Life in CAM and Non-CAM Users among Breast Cancer Patients during Chemotherapy in Malaysia
    Chui PL, Abdullah KL, Wong LP, Taib NA
    PLoS One, 2015;10(10):e0139952.
    PMID: 26451732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139952
    BACKGROUND: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use has become increasingly popular among patients with cancer. The purposes of this study were to compare the QOL in CAM users and non-CAM users and to determine whether CAM use influences QOL among breast cancer patients during chemotherapy.

    METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at two outpatient chemotherapy centers. A total of 546 patients completed the questionnaires on CAM use. QOL was evaluated based on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) core quality of life (QLQ-C30) and breast cancer-specific quality of life (QLQ-BR23) questionnaires.

    RESULTS: A total of 70.7% of patients were identified as CAM users. There was no significant difference in global health status scores and in all five subscales of the QLQ C30 functional scales between CAM users and non-CAM users. On the QLQ-C30 symptom scales, CAM users (44.96±3.89) had significantly (p = 0.01) higher mean scores for financial difficulties than non-CAM users (36.29±4.81). On the QLQ-BR23 functional scales, CAM users reported significantly higher mean scores for sexual enjoyment (6.01±12.84 vs. 4.64±12.76, p = 0.04) than non-CAM users. On the QLQ-BR23 symptom scales, CAM users reported higher systemic therapy side effects (41.34±2.01 vs. 37.22±2.48, p = 0.04) and breast symptoms (15.76±2.13 vs. 11.08±2.62, p = 0.02) than non-CAM users. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the use of CAM modality was not significantly associated with higher global health status scores (p = 0.71).

    CONCLUSION: While the findings indicated that there was no significant difference between users and non-users of CAM in terms of QOL, CAM may be used by health professionals as a surrogate to monitor patients with higher systemic therapy side effects and breast symptoms. Furthermore, given that CAM users reported higher financial burdens (which may have contributed to increased distress), patients should be encouraged to discuss the potential benefits and/or disadvantages of using CAM with their healthcare providers.

    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/pathology
  9. Fulltext Epigallocatechin Gallate/Layered Double Hydroxide Nanohybrids: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Anti-Tumor Study
    Shafiei SS, Solati-Hashjin M, Samadikuchaksaraei A, Kalantarinejad R, Asadi-Eydivand M, Abu Osman NA
    PLoS One, 2015;10(8):e0136530.
    PMID: 26317853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136530
    In recent years, nanotechnology in merging with biotechnology has been employed in the area of cancer management to overcome the challenges of chemopreventive strategies in order to gain promising results. Since most biological processes occur in nano scale, nanoparticles can act as carriers of certain drugs or agents to deliver it to specific cells or targets. In this study, we intercalated Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, into Ca/Al-NO3 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles, and evaluated its efficacy compared to EGCG alone on PC3 cell line. The EGCG loaded LDH nanohybrids were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanosizer analyses. The anticancer activity of the EGCG-loaded LDH was investigated in prostate cancer cell line (PC3) while the release behavior of EGCG from LDH was observed at pH 7.45 and 4.25. Besides enhancing of apoptotic activity of EGCG, the results showed that intercalation of EGCG into LDH can improve the anti- tumor activity of EGCG over 5-fold dose advantages in in-vitro system. Subsequently, the in-vitro release data showed that EGCG-loaded LDH had longer release duration compared to physical mixture, and the mechanism of diffusion through the particle was rate-limiting step. Acidic attack was responsible for faster release of EGCG molecules from LDH at pH of 4.25 compared to pH of 7.4. The results showed that Ca/Al-LDH nanoparticles could be considered as an effective inorganic host matrix for the delivery of EGCG to PC3 cells with controlled release properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
  10. Dinuclear Gold(I) Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamato Complex: Cytotoxic and Antimigratory Activities on Cancer Cells and the Use of Metal-Organic Framework
    Sun RW, Zhang M, Li D, Zhang ZF, Cai H, Li M, et al.
    Chemistry, 2015 Dec 14;21(51):18534-8.
    PMID: 26459298 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503656
    A dinuclear gold(I) pyrrolidinedithiocarbamato complex (1) with a bidentate carbene ligand has been constructed and shows potent in vitro cytotoxic activities towards cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells A2780cis. Its rigid scaffold enables a zinc(II)-based metal-organic framework (Zn-MOF) to be used as a carrier in facilitating the uptake and release of 1 in solutions. Instead of using a conventional dialysis approach for the drug-release testing, in this study, a set of transwell assay-based experiments have been designed and employed to examine the cytotoxic and antimigratory activities of 1@Zn-MOF towards A2780cis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology*
  11. The Importance of Habitat in the Ecology of Decomposition on Rabbit Carcasses in Malaysia: Implications in Forensic Entomology
    Silahuddin SA, Latif B, Kurahashi H, Walter DE, Heo CC
    J Med Entomol, 2015 Jan;52(1):9-23.
    PMID: 26336275 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tju001
    The stages of decomposition and the faunal succession on rabbit carcasses in three different habitats, namely jungle, rural, and highland areas, were studied. Three New Zealand White rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) carcasses weighing ∼2 kg were sampled daily until the decomposition process was completed. Representative specimens of adult flies, larvae, pupa, and mites were collected from the carcasses and processed in the laboratory. There were differences in decomposition rate and faunal succession between the carcasses. The fastest rate of decomposition was recorded in rural area, and the slowest rate of decomposition was recorded in highland area. The carcasses exhibited the same pattern of colonization by adult flies, but the dominant species of larvae and adult flies on each carcass in specific habitats were different. The primary species of flies recorded in jungle were Chrysomya megacephala F., Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart), Chrysomya chani Kurahashi, Chrysomya villenuevi Patton, Chrysomya nigripes Aubertin, Chrysomya pinguis (Walker), Hemipyrellia ligurriens (Wiedemann), Hemipyrellia tagaliana (Bigot), Hypopyiopsis fumipennis (Walker), Hypopygiopsis violacea (Macquart), and Hydrotaea spinigera Stein represented by both adults and larvae. Musca domestica L., Atherigona sp., Lioproctia pattoni (Senior-White), Lioproctia saprianovae Pape & Bänziger, and Seniorwhitea princeps (Wiedemann) were represented by adults only. The biodiversity of flies in the rural area were C. megacephala, C. rufifacies, H. ligurriens, Fannia canicularis L., Hydrotaea chalcogaster (Wiedemann), and Hyd. spinigera represented by both adults and larvae, meanwhile M. domestica, Atherigona sp., Boettcherisca peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy), Parasarcophaga taenionota Wiedemann, Parasarcophaga scopariiformis Senior-White, and S. princeps were represented by adults only. The species of flies collected in the highland area were Lucilia porphyrina (Walker), C. megacephala, C. rufifacies, C. villenuevi, C. pinguis, H. ligurriens, Hyd. spinigera, Hyd. chalcogaster, F. canicularis, and Boettcherisca highlandica Kurahashi & Tan represented by both adults and larvae, whereas C. nigripes, Chrysomya thanomthini Kurahashi & Tumrasvin, M. domestica, Atherigona sp., Parasarcophaga albiceps Meigen, P. taenionota, Sepsidae, Phoridae, and Millichidae were represented by adults only. Faunal succession followed the sequence of dominant flies, i.e., Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae, Sepsidae, and lastly Stratiomyidae for jungle, or Sepsidae for rural and highland studies. Mites, from suborders Mesostigmata, Prostigmata, Astigmatina, and Oribatida, were also recovered throughout decomposition, which could be used for future implementation in forensic investigations. The data obtained from this study could provide more accurate indicators for local forensic scientists in solving criminal cases especially on the determination of time and primary location of death.
    Matched MeSH terms: Forensic Pathology/methods*
  12. Fulltext Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1P2) attenuates reactive oxygen species formation and inhibits cell death: implications for otoprotective therapy
    Herr DR, Reolo MJ, Peh YX, Wang W, Lee CW, Rivera R, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2016 Apr 15;6:24541.
    PMID: 27080739 DOI: 10.1038/srep24541
    Ototoxic drugs, such as platinum-based chemotherapeutics, often lead to permanent hearing loss through apoptosis of neuroepithelial hair cells and afferent neurons of the cochlea. There is no approved therapy for preventing or reversing this process. Our previous studies identified a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), S1P2, as a potential mediator of otoprotection. We therefore sought to identify a pharmacological approach to prevent cochlear degeneration via activation of S1P2. The cochleae of S1pr2(-/-) knockout mice were evaluated for accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with a nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) assay. This showed that loss of S1P2 results in accumulation of ROS that precedes progressive cochlear degeneration as previously reported. These findings were supported by in vitro cell-based assays to evaluate cell viability, induction of apoptosis, and accumulation of ROS following activation of S1P2 in the presence of cisplatin. We show for the first time, that activation of S1P2 with a selective receptor agonist increases cell viability and reduces cisplatin-mediated cell death by reducing ROS. Cumulatively, these results suggest that S1P2 may serve as a therapeutic target for attenuating cisplatin-mediated ototoxicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cochlea/pathology
  13. Antioxidant modulation in restoring mitochondrial function in neurodegeneration
    Pahrudin Arrozi A, Wan Ngah WZ, Mohd Yusof YA, Ahmad Damanhuri MH, Makpol S
    Int J Neurosci, 2017 Mar;127(3):218-235.
    PMID: 27074540 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2016.1178261
    Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the leading causes of disability associated with neurodegeneration worldwide. These diseases are influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors and share similar mechanisms as both are characterized by accumulation and aggregation of misfolded proteins - amyloid-beta (Aβ) in AD and α-synuclein in PD. Over the past decade, increasing evidence has shown that mitochondrial dysfunction and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathology of these diseases, and the contributions of these defects to the cellular and molecular changes that eventually cause neuronal death have been explored. Using mitochondrial protective agents, such as antioxidants, to combat ROS provides a new strategy for neurodegenerative treatment. In this review, we highlight the potential of multiple types of antioxidants, including vitamins, phytochemicals, fatty acids and minerals, as well as synthetic antioxidants specifically targeting the mitochondria, which can restore mitochondrial function, in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders at both the pre-clinical and clinical stages by focusing on AD and PD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neurodegenerative Diseases/pathology
  14. Diagnostic accuracy of periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography in detecting apical periodontitis using histopathological findings as a reference standard
    Kanagasingam S, Lim CX, Yong CP, Mannocci F, Patel S
    Int Endod J, 2017 May;50(5):417-426.
    PMID: 27063209 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12650
    AIM: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of periapical radiography (PR) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in detecting apical periodontitis (AP) using histopathological findings as a reference standard.

    METHODOLOGY: Jaw sections containing 67 teeth (86 roots) were collected from unclaimed bodies due for cremation. Imaging was carried out to detect AP by digital PR with a central view (DP group), digital PR combining central with 10˚ mesially and distally angled (parallax) views (DPS group) and CBCT scans. All specimens underwent histopathological examination to confirm the diagnosis of AP. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of PR and CBCT were analysed using rater mean (n = 5). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was carried out.

    RESULTS: Sensitivity was 0.27, 0.38 and 0.89 for DP, DPS and CBCT scans, respectively. CBCT had specificity and positive predictive value of 1.0 whilst DP and DPS had specificity and positive predictive value of 0.99. The negative predictive value was 0.39, 0.44 and 0.81 for DP, DPS and CBCT scans, respectively. Area under the curve (AUC) for the various imaging methods was 0.629 (DP), 0.688 (DPS), and 0.943 (CBCT).

    CONCLUSIONS: All imaging techniques had similar specificity and positive predictive values. Additional parallax views increased the diagnostic accuracy of PR. CBCT had significantly higher diagnostic accuracy in detecting AP compared to PR, using human histopathological findings as a reference standard.

    Matched MeSH terms: Periapical Periodontitis/pathology*
  15. In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Au, Ag Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Commelina nudiflora L. Aqueous Extract Against HCT-116 Colon Cancer Cells
    Kuppusamy P, Ichwan SJ, Al-Zikri PN, Suriyah WH, Soundharrajan I, Govindan N, et al.
    Biol Trace Elem Res, 2016 Oct;173(2):297-305.
    PMID: 26961292 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0666-7
    Recently, metal nanoparticles have been getting great medical and social interests due to their potential physico-chemical properties such as higher affinity, low molecular weight, and larger surface area. The biosynthesized gold and silver nanoparticles are spherical, triangular in shape with an average size of 24-150 nm as reported in our earlier studies. The biological properties of synthesized gold and silver nanoparticles are demonstrated in this paper. The different in vitro assays such as MTT, flow cytometry, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) techniques were used to evaluate the in vitro anticancer properties of synthesized metal nanoparticles. The biosynthesized gold and silver nanoparticles have shown reduced cell viability and increased cytotoxicity in HCT-116 colon cancer cells with IC50 concentration of 200 and 100 μg/ml, respectively. The flow cytometry experiments revealed that the IC50 concentrations of gold and silver nanoparticle-treated cells that have significant changes were observed in the sub-G1 cell cycle phase compared with the positive control. Additionally, the relative messenger RNA (mRNA) gene expressions of HCT-116 cells were studied by RT-qPCR techniques. The pro-apoptotic genes such as PUMA (++), Caspase-3 (+), Caspase-8 (++), and Caspase-9 (++) were upregulated in the treated HCT-116 cells compared with cisplatin. Overall, these findings have proved that the synthesized gold and silver nanoparticles could be potent anti-colon cancer drugs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
  16. A hyperelastic fibre-reinforced continuum model of healing tendons with distributed collagen fibre orientations
    Bajuri MN, Isaksson H, Eliasson P, Thompson MS
    Biomech Model Mechanobiol, 2016 12;15(6):1457-1466.
    PMID: 26951049
    The healing process of ruptured tendons is problematic due to scar tissue formation and deteriorated material properties, and in some cases, it may take nearly a year to complete. Mechanical loading has been shown to positively influence tendon healing; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Computational mechanobiology methods employed extensively to model bone healing have achieved high fidelity. This study aimed to investigate whether an established hyperelastic fibre-reinforced continuum model introduced by Gasser, Ogden and Holzapfel (GOH) can be used to capture the mechanical behaviour of the Achilles tendon under loading during discrete timepoints of the healing process and to assess the model's sensitivity to its microstructural parameters. Curve fitting of the GOH model against experimental tensile testing data of rat Achilles tendons at four timepoints during the tendon repair was used and achieved excellent fits ([Formula: see text]). A parametric sensitivity study using a three-level central composite design, which is a fractional factorial design method, showed that the collagen-fibre-related parameters in the GOH model-[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]-had almost equal influence on the fitting. This study demonstrates that the GOH hyperelastic fibre-reinforced model is capable of describing the mechanical behaviour of healing tendons and that further experiments should focus on establishing the structural and material parameters of collagen fibres in the healing tissue.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tendons/pathology*
  17. The influence of artery wall curvature on the anatomical assessment of stenosis severity derived from fractional flow reserve: a computational fluid dynamics study
    Govindaraju K, Viswanathan GN, Badruddin IA, Kamangar S, Salman Ahmed NJ, Al-Rashed AA
    Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin, 2016 Nov;19(14):1541-9.
    PMID: 27052093 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2016.1170119
    This study aims to investigate the influence of artery wall curvature on the anatomical assessment of stenosis severity and to identify a region of misinterpretation in the assessment of per cent area stenosis (AS) for functionally significant stenosis using fractional flow reserve (FFR) as standard. Five artery models of different per cent AS severity (70, 75, 80, 85 and 90%) were considered. For each per cent AS severity, the angle of curvature of the arterial wall varied from straight to an increasingly curved model (0°, 30°, 60°, 90° and 120°). Computational fluid dynamics was performed under transient physiologic hyperemic flow conditions to investigate the influence of artery wall curvature on the pressure drop and the FFR. The findings in this study may be useful in in vitro anatomical assessment of functionally significant stenosis. The FFR decreased with increasing stenosis severity for a given curvature of the artery wall. Moreover, a significant decrease in FFR was found between straight and curved models discussed for a given severity condition. These findings indicate that the curvature effect was included in the FFR assessment in contrast to minimum lumen area (MLA) or per cent AS assessment. The MLA or per cent AS assessment may lead to underestimation of stenosis severity. From this numerical study, an uncertainty region could be evaluated using the clinical FFR cutoff value of 0.8. This value was observed at 81.98 and 79.10% AS for arteries with curvature angles of 0° and 120° respectively. In conclusion, the curvature of the artery should not be neglected in in vitro anatomical assessment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Vessels/physiopathology*; Coronary Stenosis/pathology*; Coronary Stenosis/physiopathology*
  18. Fulltext The effect of strontium ranelate on the healing of a fractured ulna with bone gap in rabbit
    Ibrahim MR, Singh S, Merican AM, Raghavendran HR, Murali MR, Naveen SV, et al.
    BMC Vet Res, 2016 Jun 16;12(1):112.
    PMID: 27307015 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0724-6
    Fracture healing in bone gap is one of the major challenges encountered in Orthopedic Surgery. At present, the treatment includes bone graft, employing either internal or external fixation which has a significant impact on the patient, family and even society. New drugs are emerging in the markets such as anabolic bone-forming agents including teriparatide and strontium ranelate to stimulate bone growth. Based on the mechanism of their actions, we embarked on a study on the healing of a fractured ulna with bone gap in a rabbit model. We segregated ten rabbits into two groups: five rabbits in the test group and five rabbits in the control group. We created a 5 mm bone gap in the ulna bone, removing the periosteum as well. Rabbits in the test group received 450 mg/kg of strontium ranelate via oral administration, daily, for six weeks. The x-rays, CT scans and blood tests were performed every two weeks. At the end of six weeks, the rabbits were sacrificed, and the radius and ulna bones harvested for histopathological examination.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ulna Fractures/pathology
  19. Fulltext Identification of Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment Based Risk Factors for Malnutrition in Elderly Asian Cancer Patients
    Tan T, Ong WS, Rajasekaran T, Nee Koo K, Chan LL, Poon D, et al.
    PLoS One, 2016;11(5):e0156008.
    PMID: 27231951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156008
    PURPOSE: Elderly cancer patients are at increased risk for malnutrition. We aim to identify comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) based clinical factors associated with increased nutritional risk and develop a clinical scoring system to identify nutritional risk in elderly cancer patients.

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: CGA data was collected from 249 Asian patients aged 70 years or older. Nutritional risk was assessed based on the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) checklist. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to assess the association between patient clinical factors together with domains within the CGA and moderate to high nutritional risk. Goodness of fit was assessed using Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Discrimination ability was assessed based on the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC). Internal validation was performed using simulated datasets via bootstrapping.

    RESULTS: Among the 249 patients, 184 (74%) had moderate to high nutritional risk. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified stage 3-4 disease (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.54; 95% CI, 1.14-5.69), ECOG performance status of 2-4 (OR 3.04; 95% CI, 1.57-5.88), presence of depression (OR 5.99; 95% CI, 1.99-18.02) and haemoglobin levels <12 g/dL (OR 3.00; 95% CI 1.54-5.84) as significant independent factors associated with moderate to high nutritional risk. The model achieved good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test's p = 0.17) and discrimination (AUC = 0.80). It retained good calibration and discrimination (bias-corrected AUC = 0.79) under internal validation.

    CONCLUSION: Having advanced stage of cancer, poor performance status, depression and anaemia were found to be predictors of moderate to high nutritional risk. Early identification of patients with these risk factors will allow for nutritional interventions that may improve treatment tolerance, quality of life and survival outcomes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/pathology
  20. Fulltext Redundant Innate and Adaptive Sources of IL17 Production Drive Colon Tumorigenesis
    Housseau F, Wu S, Wick EC, Fan H, Wu X, Llosa NJ, et al.
    Cancer Res, 2016 04 15;76(8):2115-24.
    PMID: 26880802 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-0749
    IL17-producing Th17 cells, generated through a STAT3-dependent mechanism, have been shown to promote carcinogenesis in many systems, including microbe-driven colon cancer. Additional sources of IL17, such as γδ T cells, become available under inflammatory conditions, but their contributions to cancer development are unclear. In this study, we modeled Th17-driven colon tumorigenesis by colonizing Min(Ap) (c+/-) mice with the human gut bacterium, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), to investigate the link between inflammation and colorectal cancer. We found that ablating Th17 cells by knocking out Stat3 in CD4(+) T cells delayed tumorigenesis, but failed to suppress the eventual formation of colonic tumors. However, IL17 blockade significantly attenuated tumor formation, indicating a critical requirement for IL17 in tumorigenesis, but from a source other than Th17 cells. Notably, genetic ablation of γδ T cells in ETBF-colonized Th17-deficient Min mice prevented the late emergence of colonic tumors. Taken together, these findings support a redundant role for adaptive Th17 cell- and innate γδT17 cell-derived IL17 in bacteria-induced colon carcinogenesis, stressing the importance of therapeutically targeting the cytokine itself rather than its cellular sources. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2115-24. ©2016 AACR.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology*
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