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  1. Fulltext Appraisal of weekly conducted clinical pathologic case conference (CPC)
    Hassan S
    Education in Medicine Journal, 2011;3(2):15-23.
    MyJurnal
    Background: The weekly held clinical pathologic case conference popularly known as CPC provides an effective and regular educational media of collaborative learning for inter-disciplinary exchange of knowledge among the faculty members of an institution. CPC has been routinely practiced for the last two decades in School of medical Sciences (SMS) at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). An hour session primarily involves a case presentation hiding the diagnosis followed by discussion on differential diagnosis and floor interaction on interesting clinical cases. It also gives an opportunity to new teaching staff in the institution to experience an in-house practice of presenting the clinical cases; witch can readily be reproduced as a case report for publication. An effort to follow the original format of CPC is comprehended as an essential outcome of this study to keep up the sanctity of CPC as a case method of learning medicine in future. Methodology: A questionnaire-based survey was recently conducted to evaluate the weekly held CPC in SMS. It was a cross sectional survey in which a questionnaire comprising of 23 items was administered to a targeted population of faculty members of School of Medical Sciences. The items in questionnaire were grouped into 5 clusters. All respondents were adequately briefed through a letter addressing the objectives and importance of survey and its appraisal aiming to revamp the CPC guided by the out-come of study. Questionnaires were administered to 240 academic staff, covering > 80% of the target population of 294 faculty members. 159 (66.2%) members of sample population completed the questionnaires. Total non-responses were 81 (33.7%) and item non-responses were 320 (8.7%) Result: All the items in questionnaire were found significant (p 0.016) except those two items related to, observing a difference in preparing for a case presentation verses a formal CPC presentation and its promotion (p 0.556 and 0.197 respectively). It was also established that the major respondents were unaware of the original format of CPC (p 0.003) in which a presenter select and prepares a case, which is discussed with participating faculty members for its differential diagnoses. 51.6% faculty members did not follow the formal CPC format (p 0.016) in their presentations. A lack of awareness about the format of CPC was shown by (61.0%) faculty members (p 0.003). Conclusion : It was concluded that emphasis to discuss the differential diagnosis by a competent discussant was lacking, as presenters did not follow the formal CPC format. It was critically observed that a number of presentations made in this weekly program deviate from the original format adapted by SMS in USM. However, the out-come appraisal of this survey was the pledge shown by the majority faculty members to adapt the guidelines as a reverence to the formal CPC format.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools, Medical
  2. Fulltext Do we need certified medical teachers in medical schools: an educator’s self-reflective questionnaire-based survey at Universiti Sains Malaysia
    Shahid Hassan, Zafar Ahmed, Ahmad Fuad Abdul Rahim
    Education in Medicine Journal, 2011;3(2):53-64.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Faculty’s role as educators is over looked in clinical education, even though the teaching has a direct reflection of performance of clinical competence and professional development of graduating doctors. Two major problems of clinical education are the lack of uniform teaching and learning strategies in postgraduate as well as later years of undergraduate clinical teaching and the professional development of faculty in teaching in medical institutions. Objective: The survey has two major objectives. First objective was to know about the faculty response to a survey on teaching while trying to create awareness for teaching and research in teaching. The second objective was to know the faculty members’ understanding with principles of learning and teaching with strengths and weaknesses of respondents’ performance in clinical teaching on completing The Educator’s Self-Reflective Inventory (ESRI). Method: The ESRI was administered to approach 214 faculty members in SMS at USM. Appraisal of self-reflection inventory as medical teacher and personal development with respect to challenges, opportunities, innovations and need assessment of teaching were explored in response to 35 items grouped in 5 clusters through a questionnaire-based survey utilizing ESRI. Result: Statistical analysis of respondent’s data indicates a mixed response with lab-based disciplines 54.54% followed by surgical-based disciplines 50% and medical-based disciplines 30%. Individual discipline best response is received from Plastic Surgery and ORL-HNS (100%) and Hematology (77.77%). A result of individual item response in each cluster WAS also analyzed. Conclusion: The survey evaluated the faculty’s response to ESRI and concern shown to develop their abilities as teachers and researchers in clinical teaching. However, the initial response suggested the need for more survey to continue creating the awareness for faculty development and research in teaching. Conclusion drawn from analysis of each items in inventory is encouraging for teaching in medical education.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools, Medical
  3. Fulltext Evaluation of medical students' perception towards the BigSib Programme in the School of Medical Sciences, USM
    Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff, Ahmad Fuad Abdul Rahim, Abdul Rahman Noor, Nor Azwany Yaacob, Zabidi Azhar Mohd Hussin
    Education in Medicine Journal, 2010;2(1):2-11.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: BigSib Students' Peer-Group Mentoring Programme was implemented as an innovative, interactive and integrated instructional method in the Universiti Sains Malaysia medical school curriculum designed to enhance and strengthen medical students training in soft skills and professional development. This study was conducted to evaluate first- and second-year medical students’ perceptions of and attitudes towards the Programme.

    Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried on 314 medical students. Questionnaires assessing medical students' perceptions and attitudes towards the Programme were administered. Data were analysed by using SPSS version 12.

    Results: 45.9 % of the students perceived the BigSib Students' Peer-Group Mentoring Programme as successful. More than 50% of the students are willing to participate in the Programme. About 60% of the students perceived it as an effective Programme in developing their soft skills and professionalism.

    Conclusion: Medical students have positive attitudes toward the Programme and it is perceived as a successful and effective Programme in developing students' personal attributes. Similar peer-group mentoring programme may be considered relevant to be incorporated into the medical curriculum in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools, Medical
  4. Occupational stress among secondary school teachers
    Ponnusaami Subramaniam, Siti Akasia Ahmad, Aishvarya Sinniah, Raynuha Mahadevan
    Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2011;8(1):45-50.
    MyJurnal
    Societal dynamics and increased public demands on education have produced adverse stressful classroom situation that have led to increase emotional and physical disabilities among teacher. The main objective of this descriptive study was to identify the causes of occupational stress amongst secondary school teachers. This study also conducted in order to determine the suitable ways and strategies at helping teachers to cope with the work related pressures that have increased during the past decade. The samples of this study were 100 teachers from four secondary schools in Dungun District, Terengganu. The data were descriptively analyzed based on the responds on a set of questionnaires, checklist and 20 interview sessions conducted for exploration of coping strategy with 20 out of 100 teachers. Based on the finding, it can be concluded that interpersonal relations, physical conditions and job interest contribute towards workrelated stress among teachers. Also discussed the 10 most frequently used coping strategies by teachers. Therefore, there are suggesting measures, which teachers may take to help them cope more effectively with potentially stressful situations at school.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools
  5. Fulltext Pilot study: a review of personnel involved in school vision screening and the training module in Betong, Malaysia
    Nurul Farhana, A.B., Chen, A.H., Abdul Rahim, M.N., Goh, P.P.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2012;11(2):23-27.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: School vision screening program is a scheduled program under the Ministry of Health, Malaysia for 7, 12 and 15 years-old children in the government schools. The aim of this study was to review the school vision screening program from the perspective of the personnel involved as the screener. Methods: The evaluation of the performance of the screener was based upon the accurate referrals' outcome from the school health database of Betong Division in Sarawak, Malaysia in the year of 2008. Results: The total accuracy of the referrals was 50.7%. Lower accuracy of the referrals was found significantly associated with Grade 1 [χ2 (2.N=304) = 28.810, p
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools
  6. Fulltext Importance of a standardized oncology curriculum in Malaysia
    Poovaneswaran, Sangeetha, Khajotia, Rumi, Subramaniam, Thiruselvi
    International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2012;6(2):39-42.
    MyJurnal
    The incidence of cancer in Malaysia is rising alarmingly and newly qualified doctors will be expected
    to be competent in the basic management of cancer patients. However, the opportunity to gain experience in oncology management will remain limited unless these students are stationed in an oncology unit which is solely dedicated to the treatment of such patients. Therefore, it is essential that undergraduate medical school training equips students with a sound knowledgebase, so that they can confidently manage basic oncological conditions appropriately. With the many private and local medical universities across the country, it is important that oncology training be standardized
    and reflective of the local resources available, and government health policies. As a result, having a
    standardized curriculum would help create a framework whereby competencies in cancer management would be accurately assessed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools, Medical
  7. Fulltext Faking good in personality and emotional intelligent tests: Self-enhancement among a cohort of medical school applicants
    Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff
    Education in Medicine Journal, 2013;5(2):60-71.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: There is lacking of evidence available in literatures on faking good in personality and emotional intelligent (EI) tests among medical school applicants. Thus more research is required to address the faking good issues in medical context specifically related to student admission. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of faking good in personality and EI tests during a high stake situation which was during student selection process. Method: A one-year prospective study was carried out on a cohort of medical school applicants. Data collection was carried out at five different intervals; one measurement at pre-selection (Time 1) and four measurements at post-selection (Time 2 to Time 5). The USMaP-i and USMEQ-i were used to measure personality and EI. Faking good was positive if the scores at Time 1 beyond the 95% CI of average scores of Time 2 to Time 5.Result: The highest prevalence of faking good among personality traits was in conscientiousness (83.1%) and the lowest was in openness (74.1%). The highest prevalence of faking good among EI constructs was in emotional conscientiousness (77%) and the lowest was in emotional awareness (51.7%). About 1.7% of applicants were not faking good at any of the personality dimensions while 11.5% of them were not faking good at any of the EI constructs. About 47.4% faked good at all the personality dimensions and 33.9% faked good at all the EI constructs. Conclusion: The prevalence of faking good in the self-reporting personality and EI tests was high. Certain personality traits and EI constructs were more susceptible to faking good. The personality test was more susceptible to faking good than the EI test. Considering the potential positive impacts of personality and EI on individual performance, alternative ways should be designed to address the faking good issues.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools, Medical
  8. Fulltext Construct validity of postgraduate conjoint assessment of master of surgery program of School of Medical Sciences at USM
    Shahid Hassan, Ahmad Fuad Abdul Rahim, Mohamad Najib Mat Pa, Mohd Nor Gohar Rahman, Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff
    Education in Medicine Journal, 2012;4(2):65-79.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: A clear concept and understanding about the measure and the measuring tools is essential for good practice of assessment. Assessors need to have information about the full range of assessment tools inclusive of psychometric validity and purpose of its use. Subjective inferences drawn from the readily available data as numbers of summative scores over the years and statistical evidences of reliability and validity of assessment tools used to measure student’s performance are good sources of feedback for competent assessment program. It also provides meaningful evaluation of learning and teaching in medical education. Method: A retrospective study of 119 candidates was carried out to analyze the summative assessment scores of their certifying examination of Masters of Surgery in School of Medical Sciences (SMS) at Universiti Sains Malaysia. Subjective judgment of raw data followed by internal consistency as reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity as constructs of individual assessment tool was analyzed. Finally each assessment tool as a measure of written or clinical construct was evaluated against six aspects of Messick’s criteria for quality control. Result: The correlation coefficient for validity and Cronbach’s alpha for reliability was evaluated for clinical measures. However, the test of internal reliability was not possible for essay being the only measure in written construct of summative assessment in surgery. All measures of clinical construct were found highly reliable with Cronbach’s alpha between 0.962-0.979. Long case and the short cases have shown excellent correlations (r=0.959 at p
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools, Medical
  9. Fulltext Dysmenorrhoea and its effects on school activities among adolescent girls in a rural school in Selangor, Malaysia
    Liliwati I, Lee VKM, Omar K
    Medicine & Health, 2007;2(1):42-47.
    MyJurnal
    The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhoea, its associated factors and its effects on school activities among adolescent girls in a secondary school in a rural district of Selangor, Malaysia. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in a public secondary school. A stratified random sampling of 300 female students (12 to 17 years old) from Form one to Form five classes were selected. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of 20-items was used to collect sociodemographic and menstrual data. Pain intensity for dysmenorrhoea was measured by numerical rating scale. The prevalence of dysmenorrhoea was 62.3%. It was significantly higher in the middle adolescence (15 to 17 years old) age group (p=0.003), girls with regular menstrual cycle (p=0.007) and a positive family history (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools
  10. Fulltext A Comparison of the Severity of Malocclusion Between Two Centres in the United Kingdom and Malaysia: A Preliminary Investigation
    Sarah H.A. Ghani, Sundralingam, S.
    Ann Dent, 1995;2(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    The preliminary investigation was carried out to assess the severity of malocclusion between two centres, the dental schools in Leeds, United Kingdom and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 99 study models were analysed using the Index ofOrthodontic Treatment Need (lOIN). Thestudy models were ofpatients aged 8to 15years, equally distributed between male and female patients taken from the undergraduate and staff clinics. Forty nine and fifty study models were analysed at the Leeds Dental School and FacultyofDentistry,University ofMalaya,respectively.Fromthisobservation, it appeared that the sample of patients treated at the Faculty of Dentistry, Kuala Lumpur presented approximately 25%higher with casesin the severe end of the malocclusion based on the dental health component and almost 70%more with the aesthetic component. Factors contributing to this finding are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools, Dental
  11. Dermatoglyphics of Singapore Malay school children
    Leong S
    J Singapore Paediatr Soc, 1977 Feb;19(1):51-65.
    PMID: 859298
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools
  12. Fulltext A Study of House Officers in a Teaching Hospital on Knowledge, Perception of Skills and Confidence Level in
    Ismail Mohd Saiboon, Noraliza Mohd Ariffin, Teodoro Javier Herbosa, Ahmad Khaldun Ismail, Nariman Singmamae, Shamsuriani Md Jamal, et al.
    Medicine & Health, 2007;2(2):110-116.
    MyJurnal
    Cardio-pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is important and should be mastered by House Officers (HO). House officers who have just completed their studies are assigned to acute medical and surgical wards. If a patient in the ward has a cardiac arrest (CA), these doctors are usually the first to attend.  Therefore an HO must be confident with CPR skills. They must be competent in performing CPR. The authors assessed 26 new HOs from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Hospital (HUKM) with respect to their self-perception about CPR skills, confidence level in performing CPR and knowledge in performing CPR. Knowledge was assessed by a questionnaire. We found that 16 of 26 (61.5%) assessed themselves to have inadequate knowledge and 46.2% had no confidence in performing CPR. The mean score of the written test was 5.7 ± 1.8. Seven out of 26 (27.0%) HOs had incorrect hand placement position for CPR. Only 4 and 9 out of 26 HOs had their sternal paddle and cardiac apex paddle positions correctly placed respectively. In conclusion, knowledge, perception of skills and confidence levels of HOs on CPR are inadequate and need further assessment and improvement. Medical schools need to review their CPR curriculum in order to prepare HOs adequately to work in emergency situations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools, Medical
  13. Fulltext Schoolbag weight, its content, and incidence of back pain in different medium primary schools in Kuala Lumpur
    Nor Azlin M. N., Asfarina, Z., Wan Chee, L.
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2010;6(2):59-64.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Schoolbag weight across different types of school and schoolbag content has not been
    studied in Malaysia. This cross sectional survey determines the weight of schoolbags, its content and
    occurrence of back pain among primary school children in different medium primary school in Kuala
    Lumpur. Methods: Students’ body weight, and schoolbags weight were measured using a calibrated
    scale. Schoolbag content was examined, and weighed according to necessary learning materials
    or unnecessary materials. Back pain in the past one week was assessed using a self-administered
    questionnaire, adapted from previous studies. Results: A total of 358 students (167 male, 191 female)
    were enrolled, of which 119 were from National School (NS), 122 from Chinese Medium School (CMS)
    and 117 from Tamil Medium School (TMS). The mean schoolbag weight was 4.55±1.62kg for NS,
    8.53±1.94kg for CMS and 6.06±2.09kg for TMS, which was 11.7%, 22.0% and 16.6% of body weight,
    respectively. The mean weight of unnecessary schoolbag content was 0.64(0.91)kg for NS, 2.18(1.49)kg for CMS and 1.96(1.56) for TMS students. Back pain was detected in 87.0% NS students, 68.0% CMS students and 66.7% TMS students. Significant association was found between occurrence of back pain and types of school ( 2=16.64,p=0.00). Conclusions: Students from all the three mediums primary school, in particular Chinese medium school carry school bag heavier than that generally recommended, with unnecessary materials weigh up to 2kg. The occurrence of back pain is high and this is associated with the types of school.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools
  14. Fulltext Parents' satisfaction on the quality of dental care provided by dental students at IIUM paediatric dental clinic [Abstract]
    Asilah Anis Ali Yeon, Athirah Izyan Kamaruddin, Nor Asilah Harun, Anisa Kusumawardani
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(21):64.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: In dental schools, the clinical students are closely supervised to ensure a good quality of care delivery. However, little is known about the relation between the patients' satisfaction and the quality of care they received, therefore the aim of this study was to assess the relation between parents' satisfaction and the quality of dental care provided by dental students at IIUM students' polyclinic during paediatric clinical session.
    Materials and Methods: A self-administered questionnaire on service quality, interpersonal communication, and efficacy and treatment outcome dimensions were distributed to parents who attended their children dental treatment from September 2016 until December 2016. Meanwhile, the students' performances were assessed for their clinical and soft skills by the allocated paediatric dentistry lecturer. Data collected were analysed by using X² test.
    Results: 42 questionnaires and assessment forms were completed and analysed. The result showed 71.1% of the parents were satisfied with the quality of dental care provided despite the students' performance outcomes were moderate (84.2%). There is no significant difference between parents' satisfaction and the quality of dental care provided by the dental students (p>0.05). Mother showed higher percentage of satisfaction (60%) compared to father (36.4%). However, there is no significant relation between parents' satisfaction and the gender of the parents (p=0.076).
    Conclusion(s): Generally, parents are satisfied with the dental care provided by the dental students at IIUM Paediatric Dental Clinic regardless of the quality. Hence, parents' satisfaction could not be the best tool to assess the quality of care provided by the operators.
    KEYWORDS: parental's satisfaction, dental students, quality of dental care
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools, Dental
  15. Attitude, knowledge and ethical perception toward precision medicine among junior and senior medical students: Findings from one Malaysian medical school
    Koh, Kwee Choy, Shanmugan Goonasakaren, Ng, Lam Kean, Chua, Yi Lin, Lee, Jia Ying, Alaric Ding Tian Ang
    International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2017;11(3):10-19.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Medical schools are escalating changes
    to meet the need for doctors competent to work in the
    era of precision medicine. Information on the current
    level of awareness of precision medicine among medical
    students can help effect the necessary changes in the
    medical curriculum. A cross-sectional comparative
    study was done to assess the knowledge, attitude and
    perception toward the practice of precision medicine
    among junior and senior medical students in a medical
    school in Malaysia.

    Materials and Method: A survey instrument measuring
    attitude toward precision medicine, perceived
    knowledge of genomic testing concepts, and perception
    toward ethical consideration related to precision
    medicine, was distributed to junior and senior medical
    students. Comparisons were made between senior and
    junior medical students.

    Results: Only about one-third of the 356 respondents
    had heard of precision medicine although 92.7%
    expressed interest to learn more about precision
    medicine. Overall, junior and senior medical students
    had positive attitude toward the adoption of genomeguided
    prescribing and precision medicine but were
    uncomfortable with their knowledge of genomic testing
    concepts. Both junior and senior students were largely
    well grounded in their understanding of ethical issues
    related to precision medicine.

    Conclusions: Knowledge of precision medicine was low
    among junior and senior medical students. Although
    the students supported the use of precision medicine,
    they did not feel adequately prepared to apply genomics
    to clinical practice. Their perceptions on ethical issues
    related to precision medicine were sound. Seniority did
    not appear to influence the perceptions of the students.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools, Medical
  16. Fulltext Teachers’ Pedagogical content knowledge and implementation of physical education teaching in Malaysia-Indonesia secondary schools
    Julismah Jani, Syed Kamaruzaman Syed Ali
    Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2012;1(1):1-13.
    MyJurnal
    The objectives of this study were to determine level of acquisition, implementation and differences of pedagogical content knowledge among physical education teachers It also examined the relationship between pedagogical content knowledge and its implementation during physical education lesson. About 149 of Form 4 physical education teachers in Ulu Kinta, Perak, Malaysia secondary schools and 125 physical education teachers of X class in upper secondary schools of Surabaya, Indonesia were involved in this study. Data of the study was collected through questionnaires The findings delineate a medium level (M = 2.90) of pedagogical content knowledge of Malaysian physical education teachers and 86.3% have implemented in their lessons. Whilst the Indonesian physical education teachers acquired a high level of pedagogical content knowledge (M = 3.69) and 94.2% have implemented during their physical education lessons. There was a significant (p = .00) difference among Malaysian and Indonesian physical education teachers on acquisition of pedagogical content knowledge. The findings also delineate a medium positive and significant relationship between pedagogical content knowledge and its implementation during physical education lesson of Malaysian (r = .622, p < .01) and Indonesian (r = .647, p < .01) physical education teachers respectively. The results of the study implied that pedagogical content knowledge is a specific domain to teaching process. Teachers are able to develop their current dimension and goals or contemporary of pedagogical content knowledge based on current needs and their own ability and contentment. Therefore, teachers should acquire pedagogical content knowledge so that their teaching would be meaningful and effective for students learning.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools
  17. Fulltext Food court hygiene assessment and food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handlers in Putrajaya
    Mohd. Firdaus Siau, A., Son, R., Mohhiddin, O., Toh, P.S., Chai, L.C
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(5):1843-1854.
    MyJurnal
    This cross sectional study aimed to explored the pattern of socio-demographic distribution, to assess the level of KAP of food safety; and the relationship with the level of premise cleanliness in the food courts at Putrajaya. Distribution of food handlers socio-demographic profile was Malaysian (62.0%), male (70.4%), working experienced in food industry (82.0%) and attended food handler training (85.0%). The mean age was 28.7 years and 85.4% having income not less than RM 1,500 monthly. 78.5% of the food handlers at educational level were found as primary/secondary school. 15.0% of the respondents had not attended the food sanitation training. The findings reveal that food handlers’ KAP were high with a mean percentage score more than 79.0%.The majority of the food courts in Putrajaya had consistently moderate level of cleanliness (63.5%) with the mean of 83.03%. Only 27.4% of the food courts were in the level of clean situation (>89% of premise cleanliness score) and 9.1% were not in the clean condition (
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools
  18. Fulltext Learning assessment model for invasion category games in year 4 physical education
    Liza Saad, Azali Rahmat, Norkhalid Salimin
    Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2016;5(1):35-48.
    MyJurnal
    Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education 5(1): 35-48, 2016 - This study aimed to
    determine the validity and reliability of Learning Assessment Model for Invasion Category
    Games in Year 4 Physical Education. This study uses a holistic instrument for assessing
    student performance standards for the assessment of Invasion Category Games that includes
    teacher observation that consisted of psychomotor, cognitive and affective domain.
    Measuring instruments were constructed based on five main sources that were the Handbook
    of Physical Education Teaching, Curriculum and Assessment Document Standard of Physical
    Education, Physical Education textbooks, Professional Circular No. 1/2014 and the Malaysia
    Education Blueprint 2013-2025. All sources are used as a guide and reference so that the
    instruments to assess are built in conformity with the requirements and needs of physical
    education. The study found that the validity of the instrument Learning Assessment Model
    for the invasion category games is high for both the legality of the process. The reliability of
    the instruments Learning Assessment Model for the offensive category game between the two
    testers for the achievement level of students learning in the three domains showed a strong
    relationship. Based on the findings, this Learning Assessment Model is suitable to be used as
    a standard instrument for assessing the level of student mastery of the Invasion Category
    Games in Physical Education. The implication of the study is Learning Assessment Model
    can become a more realistic and holistic assessment instrument and can be used to measure
    the level of students in line with school-based assessment requirements as outlined in the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools
  19. Fulltext Effects of augmented feedback on squat technique among eleven years old children
    Ahmad Syariff Ahmad Tajudin, Mohammad Hamka Nizam Mohamad Rosni, Lee, Jeffrey Low Fook
    Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2016;5(1):1-8.
    MyJurnal
    The purpose of this study was to compare the acquisition of performing the squat technique using visual and verbal feedback among eleven years old children. Thirty standard 5 students from a semi urban primary school were recruited for this study. Each participant performed the squat without any provision of feedback in the pre-test. Their performance was assessed using the Motion Competency Screen (MCS) scale. The pre-test scores were used to divide the participants randomly into three groups (i.e., visual-, verbal-feedback and control). During the acquisition phase (two weeks), the visual group (video recordings of their performance) received feedback about the correct squat technique by a qualified trainer while the verbal feedback group received verbal instructions and feedback from the same instructor on their performance. The control group did not participate in any trials during acquisition phase. All participants were tested again in the post- and retention test a week after the post-test. A 3 group x 3 tests mixed between-within ANOVA with repeated measures on the second factor was used to measure the between and within group mean differences. There was no significant different between groups for the pre-test. However, both the visual and the verbal feedback groups were significantly better than the control group in the post test. However, in the retention test, the verbal group significantly outperformed the visual group. Again both groups were significantly better than the control group. In conclusion, both visual and verbal feedbacks were effective in learning a motor skill. Interestingly, verbal feedback showed to be more effective for long term retention (learning).
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools
  20. Fulltext An approach for developing integrated undergraduate medical curriculum
    Akram A, Rizwan F, Sattar K, Hadi JIS, Meo SA
    Pak J Med Sci, 2018 9 8;34(4):804-810.
    PMID: 30190732 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.344.14565
    Background and Objectives: Medical schools are to develop integrated medical curricula because the term 'integrated curriculum' has grown up and flourished globally and it has become mandatory to align the medical education with the global concept in Pakistan. This paper aims to present a guideline to design an undergraduate integrated medical curriculum.

    Methods: Various themes are used to develop integrated curriculum which are basic medical science, simulation skills, clinical science, personality development, research, entrepreneurship and pre specialization. Each theme is subdivided, termed a module and its contents primarily focus on particular aspect.

    Results: Knowledge, skill and attitude, embodied in themes or modules, are planted in specific way that they have horizontal as well as vertical integration. There is no boundary of various traditional disciplines in template of five years curriculum. For example, diagnosis is a theme which carries contents from medicine, surgery, orthopedics etc.

    Conclusion: The blueprint introduced in this paper would help medical educators to draft integrated medical curricula for those institutions which intend to switch their medical programs from traditional to integrated one.

    Matched MeSH terms: Schools, Medical
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