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Factors Associated with Apical Periodontitis: A Multilevel Analysis

Hussein FE, Liew AK, Ramlee RA, Abdullah D, Chong BS

J Endod, 2016 Oct;42(10):1441-5.
PMID: 27552839 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.07.009

INTRODUCTION: Ignoring the cluster effect is a common statistical oversight that is also observed in endodontic research. The aim of this study was to explore the use of multilevel modeling in investigating the effect of tooth-level and patient-level factors on apical periodontitis (AP).
METHODS: A random sample of digital panoramic radiographs from the database of a dental hospital was evaluated. Two calibrated examiners (κ ≥ 0.89) assessed the technical quality of the root fillings and the radiographic periapical health status by using the periapical index. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out, followed by multilevel modeling by using tooth-level and patient-level predictors. Model fit information was obtained, and the findings of the best-fit model were reported.
RESULTS: A total of 6409 teeth were included in the analysis. The predicted probability of a tooth having AP was 0.42%. There was a statistically significant variability between patients (P

Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
Profile of doctors who participate in continuing medical education in Malaysia

Shahabudin SH, Edariah AB

Med Educ, 1991 Sep;25(5):430-7.
PMID: 1758320 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00091.x

A random survey of 400 doctors was carried out over a period of 3 months to determine the factors that would facilitate or inhibit the participation of doctors in continuing medical education (CME) in Malaysia. Regular participation in CME was defined as participation in any activity (self-directed reading or attending organized activities) at least once a month during the past year. It was found that 78% of doctors regularly participated in CME. Working in a hospital environment and being members of the Malaysian Medical Association and at least one specialty organization appeared to be important facilitatory factors in CME participation. These doctors also read the local medical journals regularly and subscribed to other journals. In addition, they were more likely to possess postgraduate qualifications and would have teaching, research, diagnostic or clinical responsibilities as major components of their work. They were more likely to practise in the big cities and would tend to be active in at least one voluntary or social organization. If they were in the Government sector, they were more likely to work in the Universities or in the Hospital Division of the Ministry of Health. The 22% who were less likely to participate in CME were general practitioners in the private sector. They worked long hours with day, evening and/or night shifts every day. If the doctors were in the Government sector, they were more likely to be in the Health Division, working in administration and public health, or they were in the armed forces and other organizations such as local councils. They worked in the smaller towns or in the districts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
Attempted suicide in Kuala Lumpur

Habil MH, Ganesvaran T, Agnes LS

Asia Pac J Public Health, 1992;6(2):5-7.
PMID: 1308772

A total of 306 patients were admitted to the University Hospital in Kuala Lumpur in 1989 after attempting suicide. Fourteen of them succumbed to injuries. Psychosocial data of 296 patients out of the 306 survivors are reported. Suicidal behaviour is more common in the young and especially amongst the females. Nearly 45.0% of them are from social class IV and V. Persons of Indian ethnic origin are overrepresented, while in Malays suicidal behavior seemed to be less common. Self-poisoning was reported to be the commonest method in attempting suicide. Diagnosis of adjustment disorder was made in 58.5% of the patients. Two-thirds of the patients had an intention score of less than 10 on the Pierce's Scale.
Publication year=1992-1993

Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
Epidemiology of dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever in Malaysia--a retrospective epidemiological study 1973-1987. Part I: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)

Shekhar KC, Huat OL

Asia Pac J Public Health, 1992;6(2):15-25.
PMID: 1308765 DOI: 10.1177/101053959300600203

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), though endemic in the sixties, emerged as a major public health problem in Malaysia from 1973 onwards. The incidence rate of DHF which was 10.1 per 100,000 in 1973 has fallen down to 1.9 per 100,000 in 1987 with a mean case fatality rate of 6.4 per 100 persons. The Chinese appear to be more prone to DHF with the highest mean morbidity rate of 5.5 per 100,000 and case fatality rate of 6.1%. The incidence of DHF is higher in the males with a higher case fatality rate in females. Male Chinese appear to be mainly affected. The overall age-specific incidence rate is highest in two age groups, viz. 5-9 years and 10-19 years of age with a mean morbidity rate of 4.9 cases per 100,000. The mean age-specific case fatality rate was highest in the 0-4 years age group. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is predominantly an urban disease in Malaysia with a mean incidence rate of 5.3 cases per 100,000 as opposed to 1.2 cases per 100,000 being reported from rural areas. The mean overall incidence of deaths in the urban area is 0.5 compared to 0.1 per 100,000 for rural areas. There is a marked seasonal correlation between DHF cases and rainfall, with a peak in August. While all four serotypes of dengue viruses are found in Malaysia, Den 2 appears to be isolated with greater frequency during all the epidemics.
Publication year=1992-1993

Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
Body mass index, ageing and differential reported morbidity in rural Sarawak

Strickland SS, Ulijaszek SJ

Eur J Clin Nutr, 1993 Jan;47(1):9-19.
PMID: 8422876

Classifications of adult low energy nutritional status based on the Quetelet or body mass index (weight/height2) have often assumed independence of age and sex. This paper reports findings of a study of 447 men and 564 women aged over 18 years and belonging to the Iban tribe of central Sarawak, East Malaysia. BMI and fat-free mass fell markedly in both sexes, and fat mass in women but not men, after about 40 years of age. In men over age 40, and women aged 18-40, BMI was sensitive to reported morbidity. For subjects aged over 40 years, BMI was related to morbidity independently of age effects in men, and to age alone in women. These findings suggest that the functional significance of low BMI differs between the sexes and with age.

Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
Fulltext Review of toxoplasmosis in Malaysia

Yahaya N

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1991 Dec;22 Suppl:102-6.
PMID: 1822863

Various studies on toxoplasmosis in Malaysia have shown that specific antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii are common among Malaysians. Among the ethnic groups, the Malays have the highest prevalence rate followed by Indians, Orang Aslis (aborigines) and Chinese. Antibody is acquired early in life and increases with age. There is no significant difference in the prevalence rate between males and females. The disease is apparently more prevalent among rural dwellers and those in the lower socioeconomic group. It appears that the prevalence rate is also influenced by environmental conditions, occupation, diet and cultural habits. Studies with animals have shown the presence of antibody to T. gondii, but this does not seem to be the source of infection since Malaysians normally cook their meat well.

Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
Bronchial asthma in Malaysia

Ross I

Br J Dis Chest, 1984 Oct;78(4):369-75.
PMID: 6487527 DOI: 10.1016/0007-0971(84)90170-0

Asthmatic patients constitute up to 5% of admissions to medical wards in our area. Analysis of 1099 adult asthmatic admissions over a 3-year period showed that Malays composed 31% of patients (expected 23%), Indians composed 36% (expected 31%) and Chinese only 32% (expected 46%). There was a reduced prevalence of asthma in the Chinese (P less than 0.001). Male asthmatic admissions showed a non-seasonal cyclic variation (P less than 0.01) with an increasing trend in the number of admissions (P less than 0.02). The proportion of male to female asthmatic admissions did not differ. In a sample of 50 asthmatic patients, studied in detail, the mean age of onset was 33.3 years (range 6-74) while only 14% of subjects had onset of asthma before the age of 10 years. Although the clinical features of these patients differ from those of Caucasian asthmatics, skin prick tests and other features suggest that the majority of our patients suffer from extrinsic atopic asthma.
Study site: Hospital [unknown], Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
Trends in infant feeding in developing countries

Notzon F

Pediatrics, 1984 Oct;74(4 Pt 2):648-66.
PMID: 6384917
Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
A survey of fractures in the dog and cat in Malaysia

Wong WT

Vet Rec, 1984 Sep 15;115(11):273-4.
PMID: 6495579

A survey of 61 canine and 26 feline fractures diagnosed between January 1980 and June 1983 at a veterinary teaching hospital was conducted. More than 80 per cent of the fractures occurred in animals less than two years old. Male animals were more frequently involved. In the dog, the femur, tibia, pelvis, radius and ulna were most often affected while in the cat, the femur, mandible, pelvis and spine were more often involved. All the findings were consistent with other reports in the literature.

Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
Filariasis in Bengkoka Peninsula, Sabah, Malaysia: bionomics of Mansonia sp

Chiang GL, Cheong WH, Samarawickrema WA

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1984 Sep;15(3):294-302.
PMID: 6151743

Studies on age groups within activity cycles, age composition and survivorship in natural populations of Mansonia in Kampung Pantai, Bengkoka Peninsula of Sabah state have been described. Early activity of 3-5 parous Ma. bonneae during the first hour after sunset was noted. Age composition of Ma. bonneae at forest shade, indoor and outdoor of house, comparative buffalo vs human bait outdoor in Kampung Pantai showed all round high parous rates ranging from 66.7 to 75.4%. Population 3-parous and older ranged from 18.8 to 26.7%. Nine of the 14 infective Ma. bonneae were 3-parous and this segment of the population was engaged in active transmission. High parous rates were observed in Ma. dives and Ma. uniformis taken in small numbers. Parous rates of Ma. bonneae taken in Kampung Delima and Kampung Taradas were also high. Estimates of daily survivorship of Ma. bonneae and Ma. dives determined by two methods were very high.

Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
An epidemiological study of lung functions and hearing acuity in Singapore firemen

Phoon WO, Ong CN, Foo SC, Plueksawan W

Ann Acad Med Singap, 1984 Apr;13(2 Suppl):408-16.
PMID: 6497345

This study was conducted on 506 firemen in Singapore. Interviews, pulmonary function tests and audiometry were conducted. With regard to pulmonary function, the results showed that forced vital capacity (FVC) increased up to the age of 25-30 years for both Chinese and Malays. Both FVC and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0) increased with standing height over the whole age range studied. The mean values of FVC and FEV1.0 were higher in Chinese. It was also found that the FEV1 of the subjects in the study showed a greater decline in rate with age than other workers studied by the authors previously. The hearing threshold of 83 fire fighters showed a prominent upward shift of 6-8 KHz at ages 20-30. This upward shift was more pronounced in the right ear. The implications of the findings are discussed and a comparison with results of other similar studies in other countries is made.

Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
Fulltext Field trials on the management of scabies in Jengka Triangle, Pahang

Kaur GA, Nadeswary K

Med J Malaysia, 1980 Sep;35(1):14-21.
PMID: 6166839

A study was carried out in theJengka Triangle in Pahang to find out the prevalence and a practical cum effective method of treatment and control of scabies. Scabies was the commonest skin lesion among the 5590 people examined. its prevalence being 11.6%. Both sexes were equally affected. Prevalence was high among children and teenagers, the worst affected being the 10 to 14. 2 to 4, 15 to 19 and 5 to 9 year olds. The problem of scabies in Jengka could be due to inadequate and irregular water supply, plus lack of mothers' supervision of the personal hygiene of their children aged > 2 years. The persistence of scabies since 1976 is very likely due to the people's non-compliance with standing instructions on treatment with Benzyl benzoate emulsion A comparative study of treatment of scabies with Gamma Benzene Hexachloride [GBH] and with Benzyl benzoate emulsion [BBE] showed GBH to be the medication of choice. It was more effective and convenient, giving 97.9% cure rate with one application. A hot bath was not necessary. The patients preferred GBH to BBE since it was painless and without side-effects. The cost of treatment with GBH [1 application] was also much less than that with BBE [2 applications]. Only 28.7% of the cases and contacts complied with instructions to do 2nd application of the medication on their own, making it imperative that application be done by the health Staff or under their direct supervision. The majority [87.2%] complied with instructions to place their used clothes in large polythene bags and air these in the sun for two days. This procedure should replace the instructions to boil personal clothes as it is just as effective. yet more convenient and economical. A regular, biannual screening of all kindergarten and primary school children is recommended. Application of GBH to all scabies cases and all close contacts should be done by the health worker. The whole body from neck to soles of feet should have the application, and the people should be instructed to bathe only after 24 hours. They are to go to the nearest clinic or hospital on the 7th day for second application of GBH, if the itchness or lesions persist or reappear. Such supervised medication is possible and will minimise misuse of GBH.

Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
Parasitological and entomological studies on filariasis in seven villages, Serian District, Sarawak, East Malaysia

Rubis P, Chang MS, Nagum AJ, Jau JL

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1981 Mar;12(1):30-5.
PMID: 6114566

A total of 82 persons have been found to be positive for microfilaria a sub-periodic Brugia malayi out of 1,613 examined in seven villages in Serian District. This represents an average microfilaria infection rate of 5.1% with a range of zero to 10.7%. It is found that males are more predominantly affected than females with a ratio of 3:1. It is also confirmed that Mansonia dives and M. bonneae are possible vectors for the transmission of the disease although Anopheles species cannot be ruled out owing to the small number of specimens examined. The study is confined to areas where indoor DDT spraying has been done since 1960 and only in two of the areas it has been terminated in 1966. Yet to be published data shows higher filaria infection rate than any of these villages.

Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
Bleeding manifestations of dengue haemorrhagic fever in Malaysia

George R, Duraisamy G

Acta Trop, 1981 Mar;38(1):71-8.
PMID: 6111919

Analysis of the bleeding manifestations of 130 cases of dengue haemorrhagic fever admitted into the Children's ward of the General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur from May 1973 to September 1978 has been done. Petechial skin rash, epistaxis and gum bleeding were seen most commonly in mild and moderately severe cases. However, blood stained gastric aspirates, and severe haematemesis were seen in severe or very severe cases. Though with better vector control and preventive measures, a marked reduction in the incidence of the cases has been noted, severe cases were seen with symptoms of shock and gastrointestinal bleeding. These symptoms carried a bad prognosis. Among 15 children that died 10 had gastrointestinal bleeding and 2 had a disseminated intravascular coagulation defect. Lymphocytosis with atypical lymphocytes, low platelet count, low reticulocyte count and raised packed cell volume were the main haematological features seen in all these cases. All these features reverted to normal within a week. Mild evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation was seen in a number of cases, but severe features were seen only in four. Two cases improved as a result of heparin therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
Margosa oil poisoning as a cause of Reye's syndrome

Sinniah D, Baskaran G

Lancet, 1981 Feb 28;1(8218):487-9.
PMID: 6110100

Vomiting, drowsiness, metabolic acidosis, polymorphonuclear leucocytosis, and encephalopathy developed in thirteen infants within hours of ingestion of margosa oil. Liver biopsy of one infant and necropsy examination of ICR strain mice after experimentally induced margosa-oil poisoning demonstrated pronounced fatty infiltration of the liver and proximal renal tubules as well as cerebral oedema. Electron microscopy demonstrated mitochondrial damage. These findings indicate that margosa oil may be involved in the aetiology of Reye's syndrome among Indians in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
Hepatic iron status in Malaysians and Singaporeans

Loh TT, Chang LL

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1980 Mar;11(1):131-6.
PMID: 7403941

Non-haemoglobin liver iron was estimated in 275 presumably normal individuals from Kuala Lumpur and Singapore at necropsy. Liver Iron concentrations were highest during the first two years after birth but declined sharply during childhood. They then rose gradually and reached a value of 20 mg/100gm in adult males. Liver iron concentrations of childbearing women remained low and it was only after menopause that values in women rose to those of males. Liver iron stores increased with age to a plateau of about 300 mg in adults, suggesting that this value may represent the adult size for liver iron store. Among the three major ethnic groups in Malaysia and Singapore, Chinese, being in a better socio-eonomic class, had larger liver iron stores. The median liver iron concentrations of Malaysians and Singaporeans, on the whole, were lower than those reported from western populations and as many as 35 per cent of the women were in a subclinical state of iron deficiency.

Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
Prevalence of antibodies including IgM to Toxoplasma gondii in Malaysians

Thomas V, Sinniah B, Yap PL

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1980 Mar;11(1):119-25.
PMID: 6996108

A total of 736 sera collected from cord blood babies, children and adults of both sexes and of different age groups in Malaysia were tested using indirect fluorescent antibody technique for Toxoplasma antibodies. The RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii zoites were used as antigen. One hundred and twenty five sera which were reactive at 1:64 or high titres were tested with IgM specific conjugate. Results of the present studies showed that the prevalence of Toxoplasma antibody was highest among the Malays and lowest among children than among adults. The significance of Toxoplasma specific IgM was discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
Patterns of drug use amongst Malaysian secondary schoolchildren

Spencer C, Navaratnam V

Drug Alcohol Depend, 1980 May;5(5):379-91.
PMID: 7371500

A representative sampling of the secondary school population of two states of Malaysia (sample size 16166) indicated that 11% of students had had experience of drug use. Use of a single drug was the common pattern, with cannabis reported most often by older students, and sedatives most often by younger students. A quarter of those who had used drugs reported experience with four or more substances and were likely to have progressed rapidly to heroin. This progression may be facilitated by the ready availability of heroin and the local tradition of smoking or inhaling rather than injecting opiates. Descriptions of drug migration patterns based on Western samples are not fully appropriate worldwide, because the youthful abuser is much influenced both by local market forces and by cultural traditions, even though the epidemic of youthful drug abuse is itself worldwide.

Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
Fulltext Characteristics of first schizophrenic admissions to the general hospital Kuala Lumpur

Buhrich N, Haq S

Med J Malaysia, 1980 Mar;34(3):269-72.
PMID: 7412666

Previous studies in Malaysia and in Singapore report a higher schizophrenic admission rate for males than for females and this is in contrast to findings in Western societies. Characteristics by age, sex and race of 5% and 619 first schizophrenic admissions during 1977 and 1978 respectively to the Psychiatric Department, General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur were examined. It was found that the male to female sex ratio for Malay schizophrenic admissions was significantly higher than male to female sex ratio for Malays to other departments of the hospital. A similar trend for the Chinese did not reach significance. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors
Fulltext Nutritional status of children in rural Sarawak, Malaysia

Kiyu A, Teo B, Hardin S, Ong F

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1991 Jun;22(2):211-5.
PMID: 1948281

The nutritional status of 641 children between the ages of 0 to 4 years old, from 835 households in 41 randomly selected rural villages with water supply in Sarawak were determined. Based on Waterlow's classification and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) standards, 61% of the children were stunted and 44.1% were wasted. Based on Gomez's classification and the NCHS standards 81.9% of the children were malnourished. There was no sex difference in nutritional status. The percentage of malnourished children increased continuously with age while the percentage of children who were wasted increased from 6 to 36 months and then it leveled off. The percentage of stunted children also increased with age but the increase was sharpest in children who were 12 to 23 months old. It is noted that the Gomez classification overestimates the prevalence of undernutrition.

Matched MeSH terms: Age Factors

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