METHODS: In this case-control study of 531 cases and 2297 controls, we evaluated the association of area-based MD measures and volumetric-based MD measures with breast cancer risk in Asian women using conditional logistic regression analysis, adjusting for relevant confounders. The corresponding association by menopausal status were assessed using unconditional logistic regression.
RESULTS: We found that both area and volume-based MD measures were associated with breast cancer risk. Strongest associations were observed for percent densities (OR (95% CI) was 2.06 (1.42-2.99) for percent dense area and 2.21 (1.44-3.39) for percent dense volume, comparing women in highest density quartile with those in the lowest quartile). The corresponding associations were significant in postmenopausal but not premenopausal women (premenopausal versus postmenopausal were 1.59 (0.95-2.67) and 1.89 (1.22-2.96) for percent dense area and 1.24 (0.70-2.22) and 1.96 (1.19-3.27) for percent dense volume). However, the odds ratios were not statistically different by menopausal status [p difference = 0.782 for percent dense area and 0.486 for percent dense volume].
CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the associations of mammographic density measured by both area and volumetric methods and breast cancer risk in Asian women. Stronger associations were observed for percent dense area and percent dense volume, and strongest effects were seen in postmenopausal individuals.
METHODS: This is a retrospective study over 8-year duration in which all the breast FNABs performed in our institution were recategorized in accordance to the IAC Yokohama reporting system. Kappa coefficient was used to evaluate the agreement between the proposed cytological category and corresponding histological diagnosis, with the level of significance set at 5%. Cyto-histopathological correlation and its diagnostic performance were also assessed.
RESULTS: A total of 1136 breast FNABs were analyzed, including 31 repeat FNABs. Of these, 521 (47.1%) cases had matched histopathological results. Respective ROM for each category was: "insufficient" 13.6%, "benign" 0.4%, "atypical" 25.0%, "suspicious" 85.7%, and "malignant" 100%. There was substantial agreement (κ=0.757) between cytology and histopathological results. Our data revealed a high-diagnostic specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive value of 99.3% (95% CI: 97.6%-99.9%), 94.2% (95% CI: 87.9%-97.9%), 98.0% (95% CI: 92.5%-99.5%), 98.0% (95% CI: 96.1%-99.1%) respectively when both the "suspicious" and "malignant" cases were considered as positive tests, with area under the curve of 0.993.
CONCLUSIONS: The IAC Yokohama system is a reliable, evidence-based, and standardized reporting system that helps to facilitate communication among cytopathologists, radiologists, and surgeons toward individualized patient management.
RESULTS: A total of 21 distinct metabolic differences between HAE patients and healthy individuals were identified, and they are associated with perturbations in amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. Furthermore, the present results showed that the Fischer ratio, which is the molar ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids, was significantly lower (P
METHODS: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, interventional study aimed to determine the effectiveness of 15 mg of ertugliflozin versus 30 mg of the standard therapy pioglitazone versus placebo in NAFLD patients with T2DM. The study was established based on patient randomization in three groups: ertugliflozin, pioglitazone, and a placebo. This study was registered under the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (Trial ID: ACTRN12624000032550).
RESULTS: The impact of therapy was determined in the treatment groups by utilizing liver ultrasonography and biochemical parameters. After 24 weeks of clinical study, the results revealed significant improvement in the grades of fatty liver, especially in the ertugliflozin group. The number of patients with hepatic steatosis significantly decreased among the respective groups classified according to fatty liver grade. Among patients in the ertugliflozin and pioglitazone groups, 45% to 23.4% and 41.7% to 26.6%, respectively, decreased in the Grade 2 group. The aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly lower in all the study groups, especially in the ertugliflozin group (P ≤ .001).
CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that the concomitant use of ertugliflozin has favorable effects on liver enzymes, as it decreases liver fat intake and reduces complications in patients with NAFLD-associated T2DM. However, more in-depth studies will be required to observe every aspect of ertugliflozin.
METHODS: The design was a parallel double blind, randomized clinical trial. Mature teeth with caries radiographically extending ≥ 2/3 of dentine and without spontaneous pulpitis were included. Teeth were allocated to either selective (SCR) or total caries removal (TCR) using block randomization technique. In the SCR group, caries removal to firm dentine was followed by placement of Biodentine and composite restoration. In TCR group caries removal was to hard dentine; with immediate management by vital pulp therapy (VPT) using Biodentine in case of pulp exposure. Preoperative pain levels were recorded. Teeth were followed up after 6 and 12 months. Data were analyzed using Chi square test and regression analysis.
RESULTS: 124 teeth with a diagnosis of reversible pulpitis were treated (63 in SCR, 61 in TCR). 17/ 61 teeth (28%) in the TCR had pulp exposure, managed by VPT and were successful at recall. Pulp survival was significantly higher in TCR compared to SCR at 6 months (100 % vs 93.65%, p =0.04 respectively) and at 12 months (98.4% vs 82.5, P= 0.003 respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed the type of procedure (SCR vs TCR) and the preoperative pain levels (above or below 5/10) as significant prognostic factors. The odds of failure increased significantly for teeth treated with SCR (OR 27.6, 3.6-212.4, p=0.001) and if preoperative pain levels were ≥5/10 (OR 0.2, 0.04-0.8, P=0.024).
CONCLUSION: Selective caries removal for deep carious lesions in mature teeth failed to reveal overt pulp exposures in more than one quarter of cases and led to significantly lower pulp survival over one year, when compared with complete caries removal and immediate VPT.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In deep carious lesions of mature permeant teeth with revrsible pulpitis, total caries removal to hard dentine is recommended for a predictable pulp survival.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered at CliniclTrials.gov (NCT05144711).
METHOD: s. A prospective cohort observational study was performed on patients who underwent prostate biopsy under LA. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used during the procedure. International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) and International Index of Erectile dysfunction (IIEF) were assessed before the procedure and in 14 days after the procedure. Complication for each procedure was recorded.
RESULT: A total of 128 patients with 64 patients for each group underwent prostate biopsy by TP and TR under LA. TP targeted biopsy group had comparable pain scores to those who underwent the procedure using the TR routes. The median pain score for the TP group was 2 and TR was 3, (IQR=2, range 0-10 for both groups)with no significant pain difference between both groups (P=0.48). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in urinary function(p=0.68) and sexual function (p=0.19) between the two groups post-procedure. Both groups have similar rates of complications, with no significant difference observed. Urinary tract infection incidents that did occur were rare and did not significantly differ between the groups (p=0.21). None of the patients experienced sepsis postoperatively. AUR was reported in both groups, slightly higher with 9.4%(N=6) in the TP group and 6.3%(N=4) in the TR group however no significant difference(p=0.112) was noted. Haematuria is common in both groups with TP (66%) and TR (59%) but self-limiting with Clavien-Dindo grade I without significant difference (p=0.589).
CONCLUSION: Our results showed that both Transperineal and transrectal approaches have similar tolerability with no significant difference in functional outcome or complications. Further studies are mandatory to verify our results.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of HSV-G47Δ oncolytic virus on telomerase and telomere length alterations in U251GBMCSCs (U251-Glioblastoma cancer stem cells) under hypoxia and normoxia conditions.
METHODS: U251-CSCs were exposed to the HSV-G47Δ virus in optimized MOI (Multiplicity of infection= 1/14 hours). An absolute telomere length and gene expression of telomerase subunits were determined using an absolute human telomere length quantification PCR assay. Furthermore, a bioinformatics pathway analysis was carried out to evaluate physical and genetic interactions between dysregulated genes with other potential genes and pathways.
RESULTS: Data revealed that U251CSCs had longer telomeres when exposed to HSV-G47Δ in normoxic conditions but had significantly shorter telomeres in hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, hTERC, DKC1, and TEP1 genes were significantly dysregulated in hypoxic and normoxic microenvironments. The analysis revealed that the expression of TERF2 was significantly reduced in both microenvironments, and two critical genes from the MRN complex, MER11 and RAD50, were significantly upregulated in normoxic conditions. RAD50 showed a significant downregulation pattern in the hypoxic niche. Our results suggested that repair complex in the telomeric structure could be targeted by HSV-G47Δ in both microenvironments.
CONCLUSION: In the glioblastoma treatment strategy, telomerase and telomere complex could be potential targets for HSV-G47Δ in both microenvironments.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty Sprague Dawley rats (3-monthold, 200 to 300 gm) were randomly divided into six groups, namely control (C), 4 weeks diabetes mellitus (DM1), 8 weeks DM (DM2) and three DM1 groups (VD1, VD2, and VD3) who received Vitamin D doses of 0.125, 0.25 and 0.50 μg/kg BW, respectively. After 4 weeks, daily VD was administered intraperitoneally for 30 days. Lung tissues were taken for IL- 6, MCP-1, NFKB and CD68 mRNA expression analysis and paraffin embedding. Immunohistochemical staining against CD68 and MCP-1 was conducted. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: DM2 group represented significantly higher IL6, MCP1, NFKB and CD68 mRNA expression than Control group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, VD2 and VD3 groups revealed significantly lower mRNA expression of IL-6, MCP1, NFKB and CD68 than DM2 (p < 0.05). Immunostaining revealed the spreading of MCP1 protein expression in lung tissue along with macrophage infiltration in the DM2 group, which was reduced in the VD2 and the VD3 groups.
CONCLUSION: VD shows a protective effect on diabetesinduced lung damage by regulating inflammation factors.