Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the craniofacial bones has been reported but they are not common. This tumor occurs more often in women than in men and predominantly affects patients around the third to fifth decade of life. GCTs are generally benign but can be locally aggressive as well. We report a case of GCT involving the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which was initially thought to be temporomandibular disorder (TMD). A 22-year-old female presented with swelling and pain over the right temporal region for 18 months associated with jaw locking and clicking sounds. On examination, her jaw deviated to the right during opening and there was a 2×2 cm swelling over the right temporal region. Despite routine treatment for TMD, the swelling increased in size. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and TMJ revealed an erosive tumor of the temporal bone involving the TMJ which was displacing the temporal lobe. Surgical excision was done and the tumor removed completely. Histopathological examination was consistent with a GCT. No clinical or radiological recurrence was detected 10 months post-surgery.
BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are increasing in low- and middle-income countries, while underweight remains a significant health problems. However, the association between double burden of nutrition and risk of adverse birth and health outcomes is still unclear in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of maternal undernutrition and excessive body weight on a range of maternal and child health outcomes.
METHODS: In this study, we used Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2011 and 2014 data sets to cover the maternal, child and non-communicable diseases related health outcomes. The study considered a range of outcome variables including pregnancy complication, cesarean delivery, diabetes, hypertension, stunting, and wasting, low birth weight, genital discharge, genital sore/ulcer, stillbirth, early neonatal mortality, perinatal mortality, preterm birth and prolonged labor. The key exposure variable was maternal body mass index. Multilevel regression analysis was performed to examine the association between outcomes and exposure variables.
RESULTS: Maternal overweight and obesity has increased from 10% in 2004 to 24% in 2014, a 240% increase in 10 years. Between 2004 and 2014, maternal undernutrition declined from 33% to 18%, a reduction rate of only 54% in 10 years. Compared to normal-weight women, overweight and obese women were more likely to have experienced pregnancy complication, cesarean delivery, diabetes, and hypertension. Underweight women were 1.3 times more likely to have children with stunting and 1.6 times more likely to experience wasting compared to normal weight women. Maternal BMI was not significantly associated with increased risk of genital sore or ulcer, genital discharge, menstrual irregularities, or low birth weight though in certain cases risk was higher.
CONCLUSIONS: High maternal overweight and obesity were observed to have significant adverse effects on health outcomes, while underweight was a risk factor for newborn health. The findings show that weight management is necessary to prevent adverse birth and health outcomes in Bangladesh.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Data related to health was collected by following the guidelines of ICF international and Bangladesh Medical Research Council. The registration number of data collection is 132989.0.000 and the data-request was registered on March 11, 2015.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a floor gully come with grating to prevent the oviposition of Aedes aegypti in the floor trap. In order to conduct the test, two containers were placed into a mosquito cage (30 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm). Both containers were filled with declorinated seasoned tap water and covered with floor gully c/w grating and normal floor gully, respectively. A total of 50 gravid Ae. aegypti females were then released into the cage and left for a week. All the eggs obtained from the test were allowed to remain inside the containers for the eggs to hatch. The number of hatched larvae was counted and recorded. Five replicates were conducted concurrently. There was a significant difference of Ae. aegypti larvae obtained between container with floor gully c/w grating and normal floor gully (p < 0.05). A total of 96.41% reduction of Ae. aegypti larvae was obtained in the container with floor gully c/w grating compared with the normal floor gully, indicating that the floor gully c/w grating used in this study was able to prevent oviposition of Ae. aegypti in holding water.
Practice-based educator role is one of the core roles for health care practitioners. This role has an immense responsibility in enhancing learners’ knowledge towards the actual clinical practice, to prepare them to work with clients and for future professional development. Practitioners, even though they are aware and understand the importance of this role, lacking in exposure in educating and learning just on-the job make them not wellprepared to carry the role. This reflective essay has allowed the author to evaluate her performance as an educator, identifying the weaknesses, to obtain a clearer picture and better outlook on precisely on educators’ role in practice-based learning. Hence, she will able to improve; be a much better, more consistent and more competent educator as well as share it with others.
Introduction: None of the identified studies employed quantitative scales correlating the knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy. Method: This study aimed to study the relationship between the knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy, using the Epilepsy Knowledge Questionnaire (EKQ) and the Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE) scale. Results: A total of 279 publics with a mean age of 36.6±14.7 years (ranged from 15-77 years), 50.8% female with majority (63.0%) Chinese, and 49.5% with tertiary education level, were recruited. The mean score of epilepsy knowledge questionnaire (EKQ) was 21.05±3.92 (95% CI: 20.57-21.48). Higher score in EKQ was associated with higher education level (p
Eccrine spiradenoma is a benign tumour of the sweat gland. Eccrine glands can be found almost everywhere but are mostly concentrated on the palms, soles and the axillae. Lesions involving the breast are rare. We present a case of a 13-years-old Malay girl with eccrine spiradenoma of the breast. The clinical presentation and histological features are being described.
Hepatic adenomatosis is a rare, benign tumour of the liver. It was first described by Flejou et al as multiple adenomas in an otherwise normal liver parenchyma. Although benign, it can present as a diagnostic
challenge because the lesions can be diffi cult to distinguish from other hepatic tumours. Patients can be
asymptomatic and the diagnosis may only be made incidentally. We describe the case of 40-year-old Malay lady who was incidentally found to have hepatomegaly. Radiological examinations revealed a complex left ovarian cyst with multiple liver lesions. Biopsy of the liver lesion showed features of hepatic adenomatosis. Literature review was done and the dilemma in managing her was discussed.
A 57-year old woman presented with acute bleeding from the left ear associated with reduced hearing and tinnitus. She also complained of redness and discomfort of her left eye; but there was no visual loss. A day before, she was slapped on the left side of her face. Previously, she did not have any hearing or visual problem.
Salivary gland swelling is a rare complication of upper endoscopy with less than twelve cases reported in the literature. The swelling is usually transient in nature, with complete resolution in a few hours .While all the major paired salivary glands have been implicated, the exact aetiology remains obscure. In this case report, a sixty one year old female presents with unilateral swelling of the right parotid gland immediately following an upper endoscopy. There was complete resolution of the pneumoparotid with no neurological sequelae.
We report a case of rare, Mullerian vaginal cyst with intracystic haemorrhage in the absence of endometrial components. To date, this is the second case reported in the literature. A 51-year-old post-menopausal woman with history of anterior vaginal wall cyst was misdiagnosed to have cystocele. The cyst was excised and the content was old blood mixed with mucous. Histopathological examination revealed a Mullerian vaginal cyst without endometrial component. Thus, diagnosis and management of vaginal cyst was revisited and discussed.
The aim of the research is to compare the physical profile between Malaysian women basketball players and netball players. The physical profile measures were height, body mass, and body fat. The subjects were divided into two groups based on their playing performance and positions. The playing performance consisted of elite/senior, junior, and reserve players. Meanwhile, the playing positions consisted of forward/attack, centre, and guard/defence. The percentage of body fat was determined by means of skinfold measurement at seven different locations. Results showed that there were significant differences in body fat percentage between basketball player and netball players (p < 0.01). The elite/senior basketball players were reported to have the lowest body fat percentage as compared to other basketball or netball players. While for the playing position, guard/defence position basketball players were reported to be the shortest and have the lowest body fat percentage as compared to other playing positions. In conclusion, Malaysian basketball players were found to have better physical or bodily advantaged in terms of playing contact sports as compared to the Malaysian netball players.
Current available implants for total knee replacement are based on the mormphometry of the Caucasian knee. We believe there are significant morphometric differences in the Asian knee that will be relevant in future implant designs. Sixty-nine consecutive patients (80 knees) underwent computer navigated primary total knee arthroplasty. The anterior-posterior (AP) length, and the medial-lateral (ML) width of the distal femur, were analyzed, with respect to the final sizing details of four implants (femoral component) commonly used locally. The mean AP length was 59.9 (SD4.8) mm, and the mean ML width was 65.0 (SD 5.0) mm. The overall mean aspect ratio (ML/AP) was 1.09 (SD 0.07). The mean aspect ratio for females was 1.08 (SD 0.07). Both were smaller than the aspect ratio of the implants - which ranged from 1.11 to 1.13. All four implants tend to overhang at the medial-lateral width of the distal femur. This is more obvious in females. Future implant designs should provide more ML wdth sizes for a given AP length, in addition to gender differences, for this population.
This case illustrates the role of a woman's autonomy in deciding her medical management and the ethical issue which occurred when a husband refuses the management for her even though it was clearly indicated.