Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 43 in total

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  1. Sporotrichosis
    Adam BA, Soon SH, Rajamani R
    Med J Malaysia, 1974 Sep;29(1):70-2.
    PMID: 4282637
  2. Fulltext Pattern of organisms and antibiotics used in treating diabetes foot infection
    Joehaimey, J., M. Anwar Hau A., Kamil, M.K., Jaya Purany, S.P., Saadon, I., Chee Huan, P., et al.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2016;15(1):25-30.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The aim of this study is to determine the most common organisms isolated in diabetic foot infection and the most utilised antibiotic regimes as the first line of treatment.
    Methods: This is a retrospective record review of the National Orthopaedic Registry Malaysia among diabetes mellitus type 2 patients who had foot infections. All identified cases admitted to 18 government hospitals in Malaysia from the 1st January 2008 until the 31st December, 2009 were included in the study.
    Results: A total of 416 patients were included in the study. The most common organisms cultured were Proteus species (17.5%), Klebsiella species (17.1%) and Staphylococcus aureus (17.9%), while the most commonly used antibiotic was ampicillin/sulbactam (67.5%). None of the patients was appropriately treated with metronidazole, cefoperazone or fucidic acid. All patients were given appropriate antibiotics to treat Serratia infection.
    Conclusion: Significant number of patients with diabetic foot infections were not treated using appropriate antibiotics as the first line treatment.
  3. Recurrent parent genome recovery analysis in a marker-assisted backcrossing program of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
    Miah G, Rafii MY, Ismail MR, Puteh AB, Rahim HA, Latif MA
    C. R. Biol., 2015 Feb;338(2):83-94.
    PMID: 25553855 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2014.11.003
    Backcross breeding is the most commonly used method for incorporating a blast resistance gene into a rice cultivar. Linkage between the resistance gene and undesirable units can persist for many generations of backcrossing. Marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) along with marker-assisted selection (MAS) contributes immensely to overcome the main limitation of the conventional breeding and accelerates recurrent parent genome (RPG) recovery. The MABC approach was employed to incorporate (a) blast resistance gene(s) from the donor parent Pongsu Seribu 1, the blast-resistant local variety in Malaysia, into the genetic background of MR219, a popular high-yielding rice variety that is blast susceptible, to develop a blast-resistant MR219 improved variety. In this perspective, the recurrent parent genome recovery was analyzed in early generations of backcrossing using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Out of 375 SSR markers, 70 markers were found polymorphic between the parents, and these markers were used to evaluate the plants in subsequent generations. Background analysis revealed that the extent of RPG recovery ranged from 75.40% to 91.3% and from 80.40% to 96.70% in BC1F1 and BC2F1 generations, respectively. In this study, the recurrent parent genome content in the selected BC2F2 lines ranged from 92.7% to 97.7%. The average proportion of the recurrent parent in the selected improved line was 95.98%. MAS allowed identification of the plants that are more similar to the recurrent parent for the loci evaluated in backcross generations. The application of MAS with the MABC breeding program accelerated the recovery of the RP genome, reducing the number of generations and the time for incorporating resistance against rice blast.
  4. Fulltext A review of microsatellite markers and their applications in rice breeding programs to improve blast disease resistance
    Miah G, Rafii MY, Ismail MR, Puteh AB, Rahim HA, Islam KhN, et al.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2013;14(11):22499-528.
    PMID: 24240810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141122499
    Over the last few decades, the use of molecular markers has played an increasing role in rice breeding and genetics. Of the different types of molecular markers, microsatellites have been utilized most extensively, because they can be readily amplified by PCR and the large amount of allelic variation at each locus. Microsatellites are also known as simple sequence repeats (SSR), and they are typically composed of 1-6 nucleotide repeats. These markers are abundant, distributed throughout the genome and are highly polymorphic compared with other genetic markers, as well as being species-specific and co-dominant. For these reasons, they have become increasingly important genetic markers in rice breeding programs. The evolution of new biotypes of pests and diseases as well as the pressures of climate change pose serious challenges to rice breeders, who would like to increase rice production by introducing resistance to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. Recent advances in rice genomics have now made it possible to identify and map a number of genes through linkage to existing DNA markers. Among the more noteworthy examples of genes that have been tightly linked to molecular markers in rice are those that confer resistance or tolerance to blast. Therefore, in combination with conventional breeding approaches, marker-assisted selection (MAS) can be used to monitor the presence or lack of these genes in breeding populations. For example, marker-assisted backcross breeding has been used to integrate important genes with significant biological effects into a number of commonly grown rice varieties. The use of cost-effective, finely mapped microsatellite markers and MAS strategies should provide opportunities for breeders to develop high-yield, blast resistance rice cultivars. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge concerning the linkage of microsatellite markers to rice blast resistance genes, as well as to explore the use of MAS in rice breeding programs aimed at improving blast resistance in this species. We also discuss the various advantages, disadvantages and uses of microsatellite markers relative to other molecular marker types.
  5. Generation mean analysis of grain quality traits in selected rice populations derived from different amylose characteristics
    Ramli AB, Rafii MY, Latif MA, Saleh GB, Omar OB, Puteh AB
    J Sci Food Agric, 2016 Mar;96(5):1593-600.
    PMID: 25982124 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7260
    Genetic analysis using generation mean analysis is a tool for designing the most appropriate breeding approaches to developing varieties of rice. It estimates the gene actions that control quantitative traits, as well as the additive, dominance and epistatic effects. This study was conducted using three rice populations that were derived from parental lines with different amylose content. The aim was to partition the gene actions using generation mean analysis for the selected populations.
  6. Marker-assisted introgression of broad-spectrum blast resistance genes into the cultivated MR219 rice variety
    Miah G, Rafii MY, Ismail MR, Puteh AB, Rahim HA, Latif MA
    J Sci Food Agric, 2017 Jul;97(9):2810-2818.
    PMID: 27778337 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8109
    BACKGROUND: The rice cultivar MR219 is famous for its better yield and long and fine grain quality; however, it is susceptible to blast disease. The main objective of this study was to introgress blast resistance genes into MR219 through marker-assisted selection (MAS). The rice cultivar MR219 was used as the recurrent parent, and Pongsu Seribu 1 was used as the donor.

    RESULTS: Marker-assisted foreground selection was performed using RM6836 and RM8225 to identify plants possessing blast resistance genes. Seventy microsatellite markers were used to estimate recurrent parent genome (RPG) recovery. Our analysis led to the development of 13 improved blast resistant lines with Piz, Pi2 and Pi9 broad-spectrum blast resistance genes and an MR219 genetic background. The RPG recovery of the selected improved lines was up to 97.70% with an average value of 95.98%. Selected improved lines showed a resistance response against the most virulent blast pathogen pathotype, P7.2. The selected improved lines did not express any negative effect on agronomic traits in comparison with MR219.

    CONCLUSION: The research findings of this study will be a conducive approach for the application of different molecular techniques that may result in accelerating the development of new disease-resistant rice varieties, which in turn will match rising demand and food security worldwide. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

  7. Fulltext Predictors of mortality in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI): Insights from National Cardiovascular Disease Database (NCVD), Malaysia
    Ponniah JP, Shamsul AS, Adam BM
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Dec;67(6):601-5.
    PMID: 23770953 MyJurnal
    The aim of this study is to determine risks factor of mortality among patient with post percutaneous coronary intervention. Estimation of post operative mortality risk factor is essential for planning prevention modalities. This is retrospective cohort study based on secondary data extracted from the National Cardiovascular Disease Database (NCVD-ACS and NCVD PCI). Both these registries were interlinked and was further matched to JPN (Jabatan Pendaftaran Negara/National registration Department) to assess mortality among the patients who underwent PCI and all death which occurred in between 2007, 2008 and 2009. There were 630 patients in this studied. Age, history of diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular, renal failure and previous percutaneous coronary intervention were univariately associated with mortality. However based on logistics stepwise method, only age and history of renal failure had showed statistically significant and sizeable odds ratio in predicting the patient died of coronary death. Older age and renal failure are the predicting factors for mortality among patients with post percutaneous coronary intervention.
  8. Fulltext Reliability and validity of the revised Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) for Malaysian children and adolescents
    Jalaludin MY, Fuziah MZ, Hong JYH, Mohamad Adam B, Jamaiyah H
    Malays Fam Physician, 2012;7(2-3):10-20.
    PMID: 25606251 MyJurnal
    BACKGROUND: Self-care plays an important role in diabetes management. One of the instruments used to evaluate self-care in patients with diabetes is the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire. A validated instrument in the Malay language is used to assess self-care practice among children and adolescents with diabetes in Malaysia.
    OBJECTIVE: To translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the revised version of the SDSCA questionnaire in the Malay language.
    METHODS:Forward and backward translations were performed. An expert panel reviewed all versions for conceptual and content equivalence. The final version was administered to paediatric patients with diabetes between August 2006 and September 2007. Reliability was analysed using Cronbach's alpha and validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis.
    RESULTS: A total of 117 patients aged 10-18 years were enrolled from nine hospitals. The reliability of overall core items was 0.735 (with item 4) while the reliabilities of the four domains were in the range of 0.539-0.838. As core item number 4 was found to be problematic and it was subtituted by item 5a (from the expanded SDSCA) to suit local dietary education and practice; and the reliabilities of the overall core item (0.782) and the four domains (0.620 - 0.838) improved. Factor loadings of all the items were greater than 0.4, loaded into the original domains, and accounted for 73% of the total variance.
    CONCLUSION: The Malay translation of the revised English SDSCA is reliable and valid as a guide for Malaysian children and adolescents suffering from diabetes.
    KEYWORDS: Adolescents Diabetes self-care; Children; Malay-translated version of SDSCA
    Study site: Pediatric Clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  9. Black piedra in west Malaysia
    Adam BA, Soo-Hoo TS, Chong KC
    Australas J Dermatol, 1977 Apr;18(1):45-7.
    PMID: 883925
  10. Fulltext Validation of the Malay version of Berlin questionaire to identify Malaysian patients for obstructive sleep apnea
    Yunus A, Seet W, Md Adam B, Jamaiyah H
    Malays Fam Physician, 2013;8(1):5-11.
    PMID: 25606261 MyJurnal
    Objective: To validate the Malay version of Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) as a tool to screen for patients at risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in primary care Background: Most patients with OSA are unrecognised and untreated. Thus, the BQ has been used as a tool to screen for patients at risk for OSA. However, this tool has not been validated in Malay version. Materials and Methods: A parallel back-to-back translation method was applied to produce the Malay version (Berlin-M). The Malay version was administered to 150 patients in a tertiary respiratory medical centre.  Concurrent validity of the Berlin-M was determined using the Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) as the gold standard measure. The test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the Berlin-M were determined. Results: Most patients were males (64.0%) and majority of them were Malays (63.3%). Based on the sleep study test, 121 (84.0%) were classified as high risk while 23 (16.0%) as low risk using the Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) ≥5 as the cutoff point. The test–retest reliability Kappa value showed a good range between 0.864 – 1.000. The Cronbach’s alpha of BQ was 0.750 in category 1 and 0.888 in category 2. The sensitivity and specificity were 92% and 17% respectively. Conclusion: The BQ showed high sensitivity (92%) but low specificity (17%). Therefore, though the Berlin-M is useful as a screening tool, it is not a confirmatory diagnostic tool.
  11. Fulltext Reliability and validity of the Malay translated version of diabetes quality of life for youth questionnaire
    Jalaludin MY, Fuziah MZ, Hadhrami MH, Hong JYH, Jamaiyah H, Mohamad Adam B
    Malays Fam Physician, 2013;8(1):12-9.
    PMID: 25606262 MyJurnal
    Many studies reported poorer quality of life (QoL) in youth with diabetes compared to healthy peers. One of the tools used is the Diabetes Quality of Life for Youth (DQoLY) questionnaire in English. A validated instrument in Malay is needed to assess the perception of QoL among youth with diabetes in Malaysia.
  12. Fulltext Pre-injury demographic patterns of patients sustaining hip fractures in malaysia
    Isnoni I, Mohamad Adam B, Murallitharam M, Tajuddin A, Jaya Purany S, Manmohan S, et al.
    Malays Orthop J, 2012 Jun;6(SupplA):11-5.
    PMID: 25279068 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1211.004
    INTRODUCTION: Hip fractures entail a growing economic burden on the health care system. Study is warranted to further our understanding of its patterns and to create increased awareness in health care providers and the public.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data was extracted from the ongoing National Orthopaedic Registry of Malaysia (NORM), for the period June 2008 till December 2009. Patients aged 50 years and above without previous pathological fracture hip fractures were included in the study.

    RESULTS: Most hip fracture patients were 70 years and above (69.5%) with a mean (SD) age of 73.8 (10.3) years. Females represented the majority of the patients in this study (68.4%). Low energy trauma (i.e. trivial fall) was to the main mechanism of hip fractures in this study (81.3%).

    CONCLUSIONS: Aging adults should be made aware of timely preventive strategies (including osteoporosis prevention) fall prevention measures, and encouraged to maintain physically active lifestyles.

    KEY WORDS: Hip fracture, pre-fracture status.

  13. Fulltext Reliability, technical error of measurements and validity of length and weight measurements for children under two years old in Malaysia
    Jamaiyah H, Geeta A, Safiza MN, Khor GL, Wong NF, Kee CC, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2010 Jun;65 Suppl A:131-7.
    PMID: 21488474
    The National Health and Morbidity Survey III 2006 wanted to perform anthropometric measurements (length and weight) for children in their survey. However there is limited literature on the reliability, technical error of measurement (TEM) and validity of these two measurements. This study assessed the above properties of length (LT) and weight (WT) measurements in 130 children age below two years, from the Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM) paediatric outpatient clinics, during the period of December 2005 to January 2006. Two trained nurses measured WT using Tanita digital infant scale model 1583, Japan (0.01kg) and Seca beam scale, Germany (0.01 kg) and LT using Seca measuring mat, Germany (0.1cm) and Sensormedics stadiometer model 2130 (0.1cm). Findings showed high inter and intra-examiner reliability using 'change in the mean' and 'intraclass correlation' (ICC) for WT and LT. However, LT was found to be less reliable using the 'Bland and Altman plot'. This was also true using Relative TEMs, where the TEM value of LT was slightly more than the acceptable limit. The test instruments were highly valid for WT using 'change in the mean' and 'ICC' but was less valid for LT measurement. In spite of this we concluded that, WT and LT measurements in children below two years old using the test instruments were reliable and valid for a community survey such as NHMS III within the limits of their error. We recommend that LT measurements be given special attention to improve its reliability and validity.
    Study site: Paediatric clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  14. Fulltext A national database on children and adolescent with diabetes (e-DiCARE): results from April 2006 to June 2007
    Fuziah MZ, Hong JY, Zanariah H, Harun F, Chan SP, Rokiah P, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Sep;63 Suppl C:37-40.
    PMID: 19230245
    In Malaysia, Diabetes in Children and Adolescents Registry (DiCARE) was launched nationwide in August 2006 to determine and monitor the number, the time trend of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, their socio-demographic profiles, outcome of intervention and facilitate research using this registry. This is an on going real time register of diabetic patients < or = 20 years old via the e-DiCARE, an online registration system. To date were 240 patients notified from various states in Malaysia. The mean age was 12.51 years (1.08-19.75) and 46.4% were boys. The mean age at diagnosis was 8.31 +/- 4.13 years old with an estimated duration of diabetes of 4.32 +/- 3.55 years. A total of 166/240 (69.2%) have T1DM, 42/240 (17.5%) have T2DM and 18/240 (7.5%) have other types of DM. Basis of diagnosis was known in 162 patients with T1DM and 41 patients with T2DM. In T1DM patients, 6.0% of the girls and 19.1% boys were overweight or obese. As for T2DM, 64.3% had their BMI reported: 66.7% girls and 91.6% boys were overweight or obese. Most patients (80.4%) practiced home blood glucose monitoring. Patients were seen by dietitian (66.7%), diabetes educator (50.0%), and optometrist or ophthalmologist (45.0%). Only 10.8% attended diabetic camps. In the annual census of 117 patients, the mean HbAlc level was 10.0% + 2.2 (range 5.2 to 17.0%). The early results of DiCARE served as a starting point to improve the standard of care of DM among the young in the country.
  15. Fulltext Diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Malaysian children and adolescents
    Hong JYH, Jalaludin MY, Mohamad Adam B, Fuziah MZ, Wu LL, Rasat R, et al.
    Malays Fam Physician, 2015;10(3):11-18.
    PMID: 27570603 MyJurnal
    Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a late presentation of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in children. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of type 1 DM at presentation so that appropriate actions can be taken to promote early diagnosis.
    Methods: This was a retrospective cohort review from a patient registry database. Data on all patients younger than 20 years old diagnosed with type 1 DM who had been registered with the Malaysian Diabetes in Children and Adolescents Registry (DiCARE) from its inception in 2006 until 2009 were analysed.
    Results: The study included 490 children and adolescents, out of which 57.1% were female. The mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 7.5 (3.7) years, which increased from year 2000 to 2009 [6.6 (3.3) years to 9.6 (3.5) years; p = 0.001]. An increasing percentage of DKA at diagnosis was observed from year 2000 (54.5%) to year 2009 (66.7%), which remained high and leveled between 54.5% and 75.0%. DKA was more common in patients with normal weight (p = 0.002) with no significant association with age, gender, ethnicity and status of family history of diabetes mellitus.
    Conclusion: An increasing trend of age at diagnosis of patients with type 1 DM was observed. Besides that, proportion of DKA at diagnosis had remained high over the past decade. This study found that normal weight was associated with status of DKA, thus more detailed investigations are required to determine the risk factors for DKA.
  16. Suicidal ideation among single, pregnant adolescents: The role of sexual and religious knowledge, attitudes and practices
    Chan LF, Mohamad Adam B, Norazlin KN, Siti Haida MI, Lee VY, Norazura AW, et al.
    J Adolesc, 2016 10;52:162-9.
    PMID: 27572955 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.08.006
    Pregnant adolescents are a high-risk population for suicide. However, a knowledge gap still exists on how sexual and religious knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) influence suicidal ideation (SI) in teenage pregnancy. We aim to explore the interplay between psychiatric diagnoses, sociodemographic factors and KAP of sexual and religious issues as risk factors of SI among 114 pregnant Malaysian adolescents from 6 rehabilitation centers and a tertiary hospital. Single sexual partner was an independent predictor of SI, suggesting the role of less sexual experience as a risk factor for SI after controlling for major depression. Participants who were unsure versus those who agreed with the statement that most religions' viewed sex outside marriage as wrong had a lower risk of SI after controlling for major depression. Pregnant adolescents with a single sexual partner were significantly associated with current SI. Ambivalence towards religious prohibitions on premarital sex may protect against suicidal ideation.
  17. Fulltext Associated factors for in-hospital mortality following hip fracture
    Ang HL, Mohamad Adam B, Tajuddin A, Isnoni I, Suzanna A, Anwar Hau M, et al.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(1):1-5.
    MyJurnal
    The incidence of hip fractures is increasing within the aging population.We determined the risk factors of in-hospital mortality following hip fracture across major hospitals in Malaysia. This is a retrospective cohort review from 18 hospitals across Malaysia in National Orthopaedic Registry of Malaysia (NORM) . We collected demographic data, prefracture co-morbidities, previous hip fracture, pre-fracture walking ability, fracture type and stability, mechanism of injury, type of management (operative or non-operative), operation types and grade of surgeon. Between 2008 and 2009, 685 patients were admitted with a hip fracture to 18 government hospitals with orthopaedic service. The overall in-hospital mortality was 2.2%. We found more in-hospital mortality in elderly patients and patients with eye and hearing problems as pre-fracture morbidity. In conclusion, patients who were elderly with multiple comorbidities especially those with eye and hearing impairment were had higher risk for immediate mortality
  18. Fulltext Poor glycemic control in younger women attending Malaysian public primary care clinics: findings from adults diabetes control and management registry
    Cheong AT, Lee PY, Sazlina SG, Mohamad Adam B, Chew BH, Mastura I, et al.
    BMC Fam Pract, 2013;14:188.
    PMID: 24325794 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-14-188
    BACKGROUND: Women of reproductive age are a group of particular concern as diabetes may affect their pregnancy outcome as well as long-term morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to compare the clinical profiles and glycemic control of reproductive and non-reproductive age women with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in primary care settings, and to determine the associated factors of poor glycemic control in the reproductive age group women.
    METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study using cases reported by public primary care clinics to the Adult Diabetes Control and Management registry from 1st January to 31st December 2009. All Malaysian women aged 18 years old and above and diagnosed with T2D for at least 1 year were included in the analysis. The target for glycemic control (HbA1c < 6.5%) is in accordance to the recommended national guidelines. Both univariate and multivariate approaches of logistic regression were applied to determine whether reproductive age women have an association with poor glycemic control.
    RESULTS: Data from a total of 30,427 women were analyzed and 21.8% (6,622) were of reproductive age. There were 12.5% of reproductive age women and 18.0% of non-reproductive age women that achieved glycemic control. Reproductive age group women were associated with poorer glycemic control (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2-1.8). The risk factors associated with poor glycemic control in the reproductive age women were being of Malay and Indian race, longer duration of diabetes, patients on anti-diabetic agents, and those who had not achieved the target total cholesterol and triglycerides.
    CONCLUSION: Women with T2D have poor glycemic control, but being of reproductive age was associated with even poorer control. Health care providers need to pay more attention to this group of patients especially for those with risk factors. More aggressive therapeutic strategies to improve their cardiometabolic control and pregnancy outcome are warranted.
  19. Fulltext Evaluating approaches for constructing polygenic risk scores for prostate cancer in men of African and European ancestry
    Darst BF, Shen J, Madduri RK, Rodriguez AA, Xiao Y, Sheng X, et al.
    Am J Hum Genet, 2023 Jul 06;110(7):1200-1206.
    PMID: 37311464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.05.010
    Genome-wide polygenic risk scores (GW-PRSs) have been reported to have better predictive ability than PRSs based on genome-wide significance thresholds across numerous traits. We compared the predictive ability of several GW-PRS approaches to a recently developed PRS of 269 established prostate cancer-risk variants from multi-ancestry GWASs and fine-mapping studies (PRS269). GW-PRS models were trained with a large and diverse prostate cancer GWAS of 107,247 cases and 127,006 controls that we previously used to develop the multi-ancestry PRS269. Resulting models were independently tested in 1,586 cases and 1,047 controls of African ancestry from the California Uganda Study and 8,046 cases and 191,825 controls of European ancestry from the UK Biobank and further validated in 13,643 cases and 210,214 controls of European ancestry and 6,353 cases and 53,362 controls of African ancestry from the Million Veteran Program. In the testing data, the best performing GW-PRS approach had AUCs of 0.656 (95% CI = 0.635-0.677) in African and 0.844 (95% CI = 0.840-0.848) in European ancestry men and corresponding prostate cancer ORs of 1.83 (95% CI = 1.67-2.00) and 2.19 (95% CI = 2.14-2.25), respectively, for each SD unit increase in the GW-PRS. Compared to the GW-PRS, in African and European ancestry men, the PRS269 had larger or similar AUCs (AUC = 0.679, 95% CI = 0.659-0.700 and AUC = 0.845, 95% CI = 0.841-0.849, respectively) and comparable prostate cancer ORs (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.87-2.26 and OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 2.16-2.26, respectively). Findings were similar in the validation studies. This investigation suggests that current GW-PRS approaches may not improve the ability to predict prostate cancer risk compared to the PRS269 developed from multi-ancestry GWASs and fine-mapping.
  20. Fulltext Evaluating Approaches for Constructing Polygenic Risk Scores for Prostate Cancer in Men of African and European Ancestry
    Darst BF, Shen J, Madduri RK, Rodriguez AA, Xiao Y, Sheng X, et al.
    medRxiv, 2023 May 15.
    PMID: 37292833 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.12.23289860
    Genome-wide polygenic risk scores (GW-PRS) have been reported to have better predictive ability than PRS based on genome-wide significance thresholds across numerous traits. We compared the predictive ability of several GW-PRS approaches to a recently developed PRS of 269 established prostate cancer risk variants from multi-ancestry GWAS and fine-mapping studies (PRS 269 ). GW-PRS models were trained using a large and diverse prostate cancer GWAS of 107,247 cases and 127,006 controls used to develop the multi-ancestry PRS 269 . Resulting models were independently tested in 1,586 cases and 1,047 controls of African ancestry from the California/Uganda Study and 8,046 cases and 191,825 controls of European ancestry from the UK Biobank and further validated in 13,643 cases and 210,214 controls of European ancestry and 6,353 cases and 53,362 controls of African ancestry from the Million Veteran Program. In the testing data, the best performing GW-PRS approach had AUCs of 0.656 (95% CI=0.635-0.677) in African and 0.844 (95% CI=0.840-0.848) in European ancestry men and corresponding prostate cancer OR of 1.83 (95% CI=1.67-2.00) and 2.19 (95% CI=2.14-2.25), respectively, for each SD unit increase in the GW-PRS. However, compared to the GW-PRS, in African and European ancestry men, the PRS 269 had larger or similar AUCs (AUC=0.679, 95% CI=0.659-0.700 and AUC=0.845, 95% CI=0.841-0.849, respectively) and comparable prostate cancer OR (OR=2.05, 95% CI=1.87-2.26 and OR=2.21, 95% CI=2.16-2.26, respectively). Findings were similar in the validation data. This investigation suggests that current GW-PRS approaches may not improve the ability to predict prostate cancer risk compared to the multi-ancestry PRS 269 constructed with fine-mapping.
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