Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 1073 in total

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  1. Fulltext CD36-Fatty Acid-Mediated Metastasis via the Bidirectional Interactions of Cancer Cells and Macrophages
    Zaidi NE, Shazali NAH, Leow TC, Osman MA, Ibrahim K, Cheng WH, et al.
    Cells, 2022 Nov 10;11(22).
    PMID: 36428985 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223556
    Tumour heterogeneity refers to the complexity of cell subpopulations coexisting within the tumour microenvironment (TME), such as proliferating tumour cells, tumour stromal cells and infiltrating immune cells. The bidirectional interactions between cancer and the surrounding microenvironment mark the tumour survival and promotion functions, which allow the cancer cells to become invasive and initiate the metastatic cascade. Importantly, these interactions have been closely associated with metabolic reprogramming, which can modulate the differentiation and functions of immune cells and thus initiate the antitumour response. The purpose of this report is to review the CD36 receptor, a prominent cell receptor in metabolic activity specifically in fatty acid (FA) uptake, for the metabolic symbiosis of cancer-macrophage. In this review, we provide an update on metabolic communication between tumour cells and macrophages, as well as how the immunometabolism indirectly orchestrates the tumour metastasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, CD36/metabolism
  2. Fulltext Polymorphism of HLA and Susceptibility of Breast Cancer
    Aboulaghras S, Khalid A, Makeen HA, Alhazmi HA, Albratty M, Mohan S, et al.
    Front Biosci (Landmark Ed), 2024 Feb 05;29(2):55.
    PMID: 38420797 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2902055
    Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common malignancy in the world. Numerous studies have demonstrated the association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and cancer. The occurrence and development of BC are closely linked to genetic factors. Human leukocyte antigens G and E (HLA-G and HLA-E) are non-classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. These molecules play an important role in immune surveillance by inhibiting the cytotoxic and natural killer T cells responsible for immune escape. The expression of HLA-G and HLA-E has been associated with several diseases, including tumors. The HLA system plays a key role in the escape of tumor cells from immune surveillance. This review aims to determine the correlation between BC susceptibility and HLA markers specific HLA alleles such as HLA-B07, HLA-DRB111, HLA-DRB113, and HLA-DRB115 are associated with an increased risk of developing BC. Furthermore, HLA-G mutations have been attributed to an elevated likelihood of metastasis in BC patients. Understanding the complex associations between the HLA system and BC development is critical for developing novel cancer prevention, detection, and treatment strategies. This review emphasizes the importance of analyzing HLA polymorphisms in the management of BC patients, as well as the urgent need for further research in this area.
    Matched MeSH terms: Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
  3. Fulltext Association of ABO blood groups with allergic diseases: a scoping review
    Dahalan NH, Tuan Din SA, Mohamad SMB
    BMJ Open, 2020 Feb 12;10(2):e029559.
    PMID: 32051294 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029559
    OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to map evidence of the association of ABO blood groups with allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis (AR), atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma.

    DESIGN: A scoping review.

    DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Scopus, Direct Open Access Journal, Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ScienceDirect and SpringerLink were searched from October 2017 until May 2018.

    ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: We selected all types of studies including case-control studies, prospective or retrospective cohort studies, cross-sectional studies and experimental studies, and we included reviews such as literature reviews, systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis and scoping reviews that were published in English and associated the ABO blood group with the three allergic diseases (asthma, AR and AD) in humans of all age groups.

    DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts and assessed the full-text articles of the abstracts that met the eligibility requirements. Data from the included studies were extracted, evaluated and reported in the form of narrative synthesis.

    RESULTS: Of the 10 246 retrieved titles, only 14 articles were selected for a scoping review based on the eligibility criteria. The majority of the studies demonstrated a significant association between ABO blood groups and allergic diseases. We found that blood group O is prominent in patients with AR and asthma, while a non-O blood group is common in patients with AD.

    CONCLUSION: This scoping review serves as preliminary evidence for the association of ABO blood groups with allergic diseases. Further studies need to be conducted so that the relationship between ABO blood groups and allergic diseases can be fully established. This could be helpful for clinicians and health professionals in consulting and managing patients who suffer from allergic diseases in the future.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Group Antigens/blood*
  4. Fulltext HLA DR/DQ type in a Malay population in Kelantan, Malaysia
    Azira NM, Zeehaida M, Nurul Khaiza Y
    Malays J Pathol, 2013 Jun;35(1):65-9.
    PMID: 23817396 MyJurnal
    The human leucocyte antigen (HLA) has been documented to be involved in various disease susceptibilities or in resistance against certain diseases. An important element in susceptibility and resistance to disease is ethnic genetic constitution. Cognizant of this, the present study aimed at studying the prevalence of particular HLA class II in a normal healthy Malay population which may serve as a guide for further genetic and immunological studies related to the Malay Malaysian population. The study involved 40 normal healthy Malay persons in Kelantan. HLA typing was conducted on venous blood samples through a polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer method (low resolution Olerup SSP© HLA Typing Kits). The study found HLA DR12 and HLA DQ8 to be the most frequent HLA class II type. HLA DQ5 was significantly associated with female subjects.
    Matched MeSH terms: HLA-DQ Antigens/blood; HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics*; HLA-DR Antigens/blood; HLA-DR Antigens/genetics*
  5. HLA-A, -B and -DR allele and haplotype frequencies in Malays
    Dhaliwal JS, Shahnaz M, Too CL, Azrena A, Maiselamah L, Lee YY, et al.
    Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 2007 Mar;25(1):47-51.
    PMID: 17891921
    One thousand four hundreds and forty-five Malays registered with the Malaysian Marrow Donor Registry were typed for HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DR. Fifteen HLA-A, twenty nine HLA-B and fourteen HLA-DR alleles were detected. The most common HLA-A alleles and their frequencies were HLA-A24 (0.35), HLA-A11 (0.21) and HLA-A2 (0.15). The most common HLA-B alleles were HLA-B15 (0.26), HLA-B35 (0.11) and HLA-B18 (0.10) while the most common HLA-DR alleles were HLA-DR15 (0.28), HLA-DR12 (0.27) and HLA-DR7 (0.10). A24-B15-DR12 (0.047), A24-B15-DR15 (0.03) and the A24-B35-DR12 (0.03) were the most frequent haplotypes. This data may be useful in determining the probability of finding a matched donor and for estimating the incidence of HLA associated diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: HLA-DR Antigens/genetics*; HLA-A Antigens/genetics*; HLA-B Antigens/genetics*
  6. Complement regulatory proteins (CD46, 55 and 59) expressed on Schwann cells: immune targets in demyelinating neuropathies?
    Miyaji K, Paul F, Shahrizaila N, Umapathi T, Yuki N
    J Neuroimmunol, 2014 Nov 15;276(1-2):172-4.
    PMID: 25156074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.004
    Given their localization and important role in regulating complement, complement regulatory proteins may act as target antigens and their antibodies as biomarkers in demyelinating neuropathies. We investigated the binding of autoantibodies to complement regulatory proteins (CD46, 55 and 59) in demyelinating diseases. In 42 acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, 23 chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, 13 acute motor axonal neuropathy, 71 multiple sclerosis, and 19 neuromyelitis optica patients as well as 55 healthy controls, we were unable to detect significant titers of antibodies to CD46, CD55 and CD59. These autoantibodies are unlikely to be biomarkers in acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, CD59/metabolism; Antigens, CD55/metabolism; Antigens, CD46/metabolism
  7. Increased level of activated gamma delta lymphocytes correlates with disease severity in HIV infection
    Norazmi MN, Arifin H, Jamaruddin MA
    Immunol Cell Biol, 1995 Jun;73(3):245-8.
    PMID: 7590898
    The lymphocyte subset expressing the gamma delta T cell receptor is increased in several infectious diseases including HIV infection. In this study the expression on gamma delta lymphocytes of the T cell activation markers CD25, HLA-DR and CD38, as well as the two isoforms of CD45, namely CD45RA and CD45RO, was determined in the peripheral blood of 56 HIV-infected intravenous drug users and 34 HIV-seronegative blood donors by two-colour flow cytometry. The percentage of gamma delta lymphocytes expressing HLA-DR and CD38 was higher than those in HIV-seronegative controls (P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Furthermore the HLA-DR+gamma delta+ lymphocytes correlated inversely with CD4+ T lymphocyte absolute count (P < 0.02 for both). The levels of gamma delta lymphocytes expressing CD25, CD45RA and CD45RO were similar to those in HIV-seronegative controls. Activated gamma delta lymphocytes may play a role in the HIV disease process and could provide a useful marker for disease progression.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Differentiation/analysis; HLA-DR Antigens/analysis; Antigens, CD*; Antigens, CD45/analysis; Antigens, CD38
  8. Fulltext Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I and II datasets for sudanese
    Dafalla AM, Edinur HA, Abdelwahed M, Elemam AA, Ibrahim AA, Mohamadani A, et al.
    Data Brief, 2019 Jun;24:104027.
    PMID: 31193964 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104027
    Sudan is located in the heart of Africa and surrounded by eight countries with people of different ethnic origins. Historical records show that the population of the Sudan is a mixture of Arabic, West Asian Arabic and sub-Saharan African elements. The present survey provides data on allele lineages, and haplotype frequencies of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I (HLA-A and HLA-B) and class II (HLA-DR and -HLA-DQ) loci in 11 Sudanese populations. The sampled individuals are all local transplant donors who provided informed consent for HLA analyses on their blood samples and were registered at National Cancer Institute, University of Gezira, Wad Medani. The HLA class I and II data reported here can be subjected for future analyses of genetic structure and health in Sudan. These include as reference datasets for identifying the association between HLA and diseases and for designing donor recruitment strategies.
    Matched MeSH terms: HLA-DQ Antigens; HLA-DR Antigens; HLA-A Antigens; HLA-B Antigens; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I
  9. Fulltext A Direct Role for the CD1b Endogenous Spacer in the Recognition of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigen by T-Cell Receptors
    Camacho F, Moreno E, Garcia-Alles LF, Chinea Santiago G, Gilleron M, Vasquez A, et al.
    Front Immunol, 2020;11:566710.
    PMID: 33162982 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.566710
    Lipids, glycolipids and lipopeptides derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are presented to T cells by monomorphic molecules known as CD1. This is the case of the Mtb-specific sulfoglycolipid Ac2SGL, which is presented by CD1b molecules and is recognized by T cells found in tuberculosis (TB) patients and in individuals with latent infections. Our group, using filamentous phage display technology, obtained two specific ligands against the CD1b-Ac2SGL complex: (i) a single chain T cell receptor (scTCR) from a human T cell clone recognizing the CD1b-AcSGL complex; and (ii) a light chain domain antibody (dAbκ11). Both ligands showed lower reactivity to a synthetic analog of Ac2SGL (SGL12), having a shorter acyl chain as compared to the natural antigen. Here we put forward the hypothesis that the CD1b endogenous spacer lipid (EnSpacer) plays an important role in the recognition of the CD1b-Ac2SGL complex by specific T cells. To support this hypothesis we combined: (a) molecular binding assays for both the scTCR and the dAbκ11 antibody domain against a small panel of synthetic Ac2SGL analogs having different acyl chains, (b) molecular modeling of the CD1b-Ac2SGL/EnSpacer complex, and (c) modeling of the interactions of this complex with the scTCR. Our results contribute to understand the mechanisms of lipid presentation by CD1b molecules and their interactions with T-cell receptors and other specific ligands, which may help to develop specific tools targeting Mtb infected cells for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Bacterial/immunology*; Antigens, CD1/genetics; Antigens, CD1/immunology*
  10. Fulltext Recent Developments in Transplantation and Transfusion Medicine
    Edinur HA, Chambers GK, Dunn PP
    Ann. Transplant., 2015;20:424-9.
    PMID: 26218888 DOI: 10.12659/AOT.894003
    Transplantation and transfusion are related and clinically important areas of multidisciplinary expertise, including pre-operative treatment, donor recruitment, tissue matching, and post-operative care. We have seen significant developments in these areas, especially in the late 20th and early 21st century. This paper reviews the latest advances in modern transplantation and transfusion medicine, including several new genetic markers (e.g., major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A, killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, and human platelet antigens) for donor and recipient matching, genotyping platforms (e.g., next-generation sequencer and Luminex technology), donor recruitment strategies, and several clinical applications in which genotyping has advantages over agglutination tests (e.g., genotyping of weakly expressed antigens and determination of blood groups and human leukocyte antigen types in multi-transfused patients). We also highlight the roles of population studies and international collaborations in moving towards more efficient donor recruitment strategies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Group Antigens; HLA Antigens; Antigens, Human Platelet
  11. Fulltext The association of the HLA class II antigens with clinical and autoantibody expression in Malaysian Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    Azizah MR, Ainoi SS, Kuak SH, Kong NCT, Normaznah Y, Rahim MN
    Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 2001 Jun;19(2):93-100.
    PMID: 11699726
    The frequency of the HLA class II antigens/alleles (HLA-DR, DQ and DP) were studied in 70 Malaysian Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to examine the contribution of these genes to disease susceptibility, their clinical expression and Immunological responses. This was done using modified PCR-RFLP technique. These samples were then compared with 66 ethnically matched controls. We found a strong association of the DQA1*0102 (p corr = 0.032, rr = 3.39), DQB1*0501 (p corr = 0.003, rr = 4.55), *0601 (p corr = 0.006, rr = 4.22) and DPB1* 0901(p corr = 0.02, rr = 4.58) with SLE. Clinically, we found a strong association of DR2 and DQA1*0301 with renal involvement and DQA1*0102 with alopecia. Immunologically, statistical analysis (Chi-square test ) showed a strong association of DQA1*0102 with anti-Ro/La antibodies while DQA1*0301 was observed to be strongly associated with antibodies to ds DNA. DQA1*0102 was found more frequently in those with a later disease onset (30 years of age or above). From these data we suggest that the HLA class II genes play a role in conferring disease susceptibility and clinical and immunological expression.
    Study site: SLE clinics, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology*; HLA-DP Antigens/genetics; HLA-DP Antigens/immunology; HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics; HLA-DQ Antigens/immunology; HLA-DR Antigens/genetics; HLA-DR Antigens/immunology
  12. Fulltext Standardisation of the Widal test
    Cheong YM, Jegathesan M
    Med J Malaysia, 1989 Sep;44(3):267.
    PMID: 2483249
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Bacterial/analysis; O Antigens
  13. The design of target specific antibodies (scFv) by applying de novo workflow: Case study on BmR1 antigen from Brugia malayi
    Khor BY, Lim TS, Noordin R, Choong YS
    J Mol Graph Model, 2017 09;76:543-550.
    PMID: 28811153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.07.004
    De novo approach was applied to design single chain fragment variable (scFv) for BmR1, a recombinant antigen from Bm17DIII gene which is the primary antigen used for the detection of anti-BmR1 IgG4 antibodies in the diagnostic of lymphatic filariasis. Three epitopes of the BmR1 was previously predicted form an ab initio derived three-dimensional structure. A collection of energetically favourable conformations was generated via hot-spot-centric approach. This resulted in a set of three different scFv scaffolds used to compute the high shape complementary conformations via dock-and-design approach with the predicted epitopes of BmR1. A total of 4227 scFv designs were generated where 200 scFv designs produced binding energies of less than -20 R.E.U with shape complementarity higher than 0.5. We further selected the design with at least one hydrogen bond and one salt bridge with the epitope, thus resulted in a total of 10, 1 and 19 sFv designs for epitope 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The results thus showed that de novo design can be an alternative approach to yield high affinity in silico scFv designs as a starting point for antibody or specific binder discovery processes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Helminth/immunology; Antigens, Helminth/chemistry*
  14. Fulltext Isolation and characterization of DNA aptamers against the HlyE antigen of Salmonella Typhi
    Ahmad Najib M, Winter A, Mustaffa KMF, Ong EBB, Selvam K, Khalid MF, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2024 Nov 18;14(1):28416.
    PMID: 39557915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-78685-9
    Aptamers have emerged as prominent ligands in clinical diagnostics because they provide various advantages over antibodies, such as quicker generation time, reduced manufacturing costs, minimal batch-to-batch variability, greater modifiability, and improved thermal stability. In the present study, we isolated and characterized DNA aptamers that can specifically bind to the hemolysin E (HlyE) antigen of Salmonella Typhi for future development of typhoid diagnostic tests. The DNA aptamers against Salmonella Typhi HlyE were isolated using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), and their binding affinity and specificity were assessed utilizing enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay (ELONA). A total of 11 distinct aptamers were identified, and the binding affinities and species selectivities of the three most probable aptamers were determined. Kd values were obtained in the nanomolar range, with the highest affinity of 83.6 nM determined for AptHlyE97. In addition, AptHlyE11, AptHlyE45 and AptHlyE97 clearly distinguished S. Typhi HlyE from other tested bacteria, such as Salmonella Paratyphi A, Salmonella Paratyphi B, Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli, therefore displaying desirable specificity. These novel aptamers could be used as diagnostic ligands for the future development of inexpensive and effective point-of-care tests for typhoid surveillance, especially in developing countries of the tropics and subtropics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Bacterial/immunology; Antigens, Bacterial/isolation & purification
  15. Fulltext Common driver mutations and programmed death-ligand 1 expression in advanced non-small cell lung cancer in smokers and never smokers
    Liam CK, Yew CY, Pang YK, Wong CK, Poh ME, Tan JL, et al.
    BMC Cancer, 2023 Jul 14;23(1):659.
    PMID: 37452277 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11156-y
    BACKGROUND: In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there may be a relationship between programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, driver mutations and cigarette smoking.

    METHODS: In this single-center retrospective study, the relationship between common driver mutations (EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement) and PD-L1 expression in advanced NSCLC according to the patients' smoking history was examined. Light, moderate and heavy smokers had smoked 

    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, CD274/genetics; Antigens, CD274/metabolism
  16. Fulltext Combination gemcitabine and PD-L1xCD3 bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) enhances T lymphocyte cytotoxicity against cholangiocarcinoma cells
    Wathikthinnakon M, Luangwattananun P, Sawasdee N, Chiawpanit C, Lee VS, Nimmanpipug P, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2022 Apr 13;12(1):6154.
    PMID: 35418130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09964-6
    Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a lethal cancer with rapid progression and poor survival. Novel and more effective therapies than those currently available are, therefore, urgently needed. Our research group previously reported the combination of gemcitabine and cytotoxic T lymphocytes to be more effective than single-agent treatment for the elimination of CCA cells. However, gemcitabine treatment of CCA cells upregulates the expression of an immune checkpoint protein (programmed death-ligand 1 [PD-L1]) that consequently inhibits the cytotoxicity of T lymphocytes. To overcome this challenge and take advantage of PD-L1 upregulation upon gemcitabine treatment, we generated recombinant PD-L1xCD3 bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) to simultaneously block PD-1/PD-L1 signaling and recruit T lymphocytes to eliminate CCA cells. Two recombinant PD-L1xCD3 BiTEs (mBiTE and sBiTE contain anti-PD-L1 scFv region from atezolizumab and from a published sequence, respectively) were able to specifically bind to both CD3 on T lymphocytes, and to PD-L1 overexpressed after gemcitabine treatment on CCA (KKU213A, KKU055, and KKU100) cells. mBiTE and sBiTE significantly enhanced T lymphocyte cytotoxicity against CCA cells, especially after gemcitabine treatment, and their magnitudes of cytotoxicity were positively associated with the levels of PD-L1 expression. Our findings suggest combination gemcitabine and PD-L1xCD3 BiTE as a potential alternative therapy for CCA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, CD3; Antigens, CD274/metabolism
  17. Fulltext Genetic polymorphisms of Plasmodium vivax transmission-blocking vaccine candidates Pvs48/45 and Pvs47 in Thailand
    Kuesap J, Suphakhonchuwong N, Eksonthi B, Huaihongthong S
    Malar J, 2025 Feb 27;24(1):63.
    PMID: 40016697 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-025-05305-w
    BACKGROUND: The genetic diversity of malaria parasites varies between regions in the world. The genetic polymorphisms of the genes Pvs48/45 and Pvs47 which encode gametocyte/gamete proteins of Plasmodium vivax, were studied because of their potential as transmission-blocking vaccine (TBV) targets. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic diversity of Pvs48/45 and Pvs47 in clinical isolates from endemic areas of Thailand.

    METHODS: Plasmodium vivax samples collected from four provinces neighbouring either Myanmar or Malaysia were analysed using polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing.   RESULTS: Fifteen and 18 amino acid substitutions were observed in 36 Pvs48/45 and 62 Pvs47 deduced amino acid sequences, respectively. Eleven haplotypes were identified in Pvs48/45 and 26 in Pvs47. Overall, low nucleotide diversities were observed for Pvs48/45 (π = 0.00104) and Pvs47 (π = 0.00321). Tajima's D, and Fu and Li's D* and F* values were negative for both genes, Pvs48/45 and Pvs47 while a significant difference was found in Pvs48/45 (P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Protozoan/genetics; Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
  18. Fulltext Comparative profile of circulating antigenic peptides in CSF, serum & urine from patients with neurocysticercosis diagnosed by immunoblotting
    Sahu PS, Parija S, Kumar D, Jayachandran S, Narayan S
    Parasite Immunol., 2014 Oct;36(10):509-21.
    PMID: 24965663 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12124
    Traditionally serum and/or CSF specimens have been used for detection of either specific antibodies or antigens as a supportive diagnosis of NCC. However, in recent days, much interest has been shown employing noninvasive specimens such as urine. In our study, we identified and compared a profile of circulating antigenic peptides of parasite origin in three different body fluids (CSF, serum and urine) obtained from confirmed NCC cases and control subjects. The circulating antigenic peptides were resolved by SDS-PAGE and subjected to immunoblotting. For confirmation of their origin as parasite somatic or excretory secretory (ES) material, immunoreactivity was tested employing affinity purified polyclonal Taenia solium metacestode anti-somatic or ES antibodies, respectively. Only lower molecular weight antigenic peptides were found circulating in urine in contrast to serum and CSF specimens. Few somatic peptides were identified to be 100% specific for NCC (19·5 kDa in all three specimens; 131, 70 kDa in CSF and serum only; 128 kDa in CSF only). Similarly, the specific ES peptides detected were 32 kDa (in all three specimens), 16·5 kDa (in serum and CSF only), and 15 kDa (urine only). A test format detecting either one or more of these specific peptides would enhance the sensitivity in diagnosis of NCC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Helminth/analysis*; Antigens, Helminth/blood; Antigens, Helminth/cerebrospinal fluid; Antigens, Helminth/immunology; Antigens, Helminth/urine
  19. Hepatitis B virus markers in prostitutes in Singapore
    Goh CL, Kamarudin A, Chan SH, Rajan VS
    Genitourin Med, 1985 Apr;61(2):127-9.
    PMID: 3980022
    The prevalence of hepatitis B virus markers in 121 men and 239 women prostitutes was studied. Of 33 (9.7%) with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), nine (27.3%) also had hepatitis Be antigen, which was more prevalent in men than women. Antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) were found in about 71% of men and women prostitutes. Hepatitis B virus markers were more prevalent in men than in women prostitutes. Compared with other people, prostitutes had a significantly greater prevalence of hepatitis B virus markers. This study strongly suggested the importance of sexual transmission of infection with hepatitis B virus in a country where infection is endemic.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B Core Antigens/immunology; Hepatitis B e Antigens/analysis; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/analysis
  20. HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles and haplotypes in 194 Southeast Asia Chinese from Peninsular Malaysia
    Too CL, Tan LK, Heselynn H, Nor-Shuhaila S, Eashwary M, Wahinuddin S, et al.
    Hum Immunol, 2019 Nov;80(11):906-907.
    PMID: 31558331 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.09.005
    A total of 194 Southeast Asia Chinese from Peninsular Malaysia were genotyped for HLA-A, -B, -C -DRB1, and -DQB1 loci using polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization methods. In this report, the HLA-B, HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 were in Hardy-Weinberg proportions (HWEP) (p > 0.05). We observed significant deviation from HWEP in HLA-A (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: HLA-A Antigens/genetics*; HLA-B Antigens/genetics*; HLA-C Antigens/genetics*
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