Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 61 in total

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  1. Cd(2+) Triggered the FRET "ON": A New Molecular Switch for the Ratiometric Detection of Cd(2+) with Live-Cell Imaging and Bound X-ray Structure
    Aich K, Goswami S, Das S, Mukhopadhyay CD, Quah CK, Fun HK
    Inorg Chem, 2015 Aug 3;54(15):7309-15.
    PMID: 26192906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00784
    On the basis of the Förster resonance energy transfer mechanism between rhodamine and quinoline-benzothiazole conjugated dyad, a new colorimetric as well as fluorescence ratiometric probe was synthesized for the selective detection of Cd(2+). The complex formation of the probe with Cd(2+) was confirmed through Cd(2+)-bound single-crystal structure. Capability of the probe as imaging agent to detect the cellular uptake of Cd(2+) was demonstrated here using living RAW cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzothiazoles/chemistry
  2. Optimization strategy for laccase immobilization on polyethylene terephthalate grafted with maleic anhydride electrospun nanofiber mat
    Mohd Syukri MS, A Rahman R, Mohamad Z, Md Illias R, Nik Mahmood NA, Jaafar NR
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2021 Jan 01;166:876-883.
    PMID: 33144251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.244
    Enzyme immobilization has been known to be one of the methods to improve the stability and reusability of enzyme. In this study, a strategy to optimize laccase immobilization on polyethylene terephthalate grafted with maleic anhydride electrospun nanofiber mat (PET-g-MAH ENM) was developed. The development involves the screening and optimization processes of the crucial factors that influence the immobilization yield such as enzyme concentration, pH values, covalent bonding (CV) time, CV temperature, crosslinking (CL) time, CL temperature and glutaraldehyde concentration using two-level factorial design and Box-Behnken design (BBD), respectively. It was found that laccase concentration, pH values and glutaraldehyde concentration play important role in enhancing the immobilization yield of laccase on PET-g-MAH ENM in the screening process. Subsequently, the optimization result showed at 0.28 mg/ml laccase concentration, pH 3 and 0.45% (v/v) glutaraldehyde concentrations gave the highest immobilization yield at 87.64% which was 81.2% increment from the immobilization yield before optimization. Under the optimum condition, the immobilized laccase was able to oxidize 2, 2-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid (ABTS) in a broad range of pH (pH 3-6) and temperature (20- 70 °C). Meanwhile, the kinetic parameters for Km and Vmax were 1.331 mM and 0.041 mM/min, respectively. It was concluded that the optimization of immobilized laccase on PET-g-MAH ENM enhance the performance of this biocatalyst.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzothiazoles/chemistry
  3. Zinc oxide nanoparticles functionalized with cinnamic acid for targeting dental pathogens receptor and modulating apoptotic genes in human oral epidermal carcinoma KB cells
    Ravikumar OV, Marunganathan V, Kumar MSK, Mohan M, Shaik MR, Shaik B, et al.
    Mol Biol Rep, 2024 Feb 24;51(1):352.
    PMID: 38400866 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09289-9
    BACKGROUND: Oral diseases are often attributed to dental pathogens such as S. aureus, S. mutans, E. faecalis, and C. albicans. In this research work, a novel approach was employed to combat these pathogens by preparing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) capped with cinnamic acid (CA) plant compounds.

    METHODS: The synthesized ZnO-CA NPs were characterized using SEM, FTIR, and XRD to validate their composition and structural features. The antioxidant activity of ZnO-CA NPs was confirmed using DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assays. The antimicrobial effects of ZnO-CA NPs were validated using a zone of inhibition assay against dental pathogens. Autodock tool was used to identify the interaction of cinnamic acid with dental pathogen receptors.

    RESULTS: ZnO-CA NPs exhibited potent antioxidant activity in both DPPH and ABTS assays, suggesting their potential as powerful antioxidants. The minimal inhibitory concentration of ZnO-CA NPs against dental pathogens was found 25 µg/mL, indicating their effective antimicrobial properties. Further, ZnO-CA NPs showed better binding affinity and amino acid interaction with dental pathogen receptors. Also, the ZnO-CA NPs exhibited dose-dependent (5 µg/mL, 15 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, and 50 µg/mL) anticancer activity against Human Oral Epidermal Carcinoma KB cells. The mechanism of action of apoptotic activity of ZnO-CA NPs on the KB cells was identified through the upregulation of BCL-2, BAX, and P53 genes.

    CONCLUSIONS: This research establishes the potential utility of ZnO-CA NPs as a promising candidate for dental applications. The potent antioxidant, anticancer, and effective antimicrobial properties of ZnO-CA NPs make them a valuable option for combating dental pathogens.

    Matched MeSH terms: Benzothiazoles*
  4. Multifunctional curcumin mediated zinc oxide nanoparticle enhancing biofilm inhibition and targeting apoptotic specific pathway in oral squamous carcinoma cells
    Tayyeb JZ, Priya M, Guru A, Kishore Kumar MS, Giri J, Garg A, et al.
    Mol Biol Rep, 2024 Mar 15;51(1):423.
    PMID: 38489102 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09407-7
    BACKGROUND: Oral health remains a significant global concern with the prevalence of oral pathogens and the increasing incidence of oral cancer posing formidable challenges. Additionally, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains has complicated treatment strategies, emphasizing the urgent need for alternative therapeutic approaches. Recent research has explored the application of plant compounds mediated with nanotechnology in oral health, focusing on the antimicrobial and anticancer properties.

    METHODS: In this study, curcumin (Cu)-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized and characterized using SEM, EDAX, UV spectroscopy, FTIR, and XRD to validate their composition and structural features. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of ZnO-CU NPs was investigated through DPPH, ABTS, and zone of inhibition assays. Apoptotic assays and gene expression analysis were performed in KB oral squamous carcinoma cells to identify their anticancer activity.

    RESULTS: ZnO-CU NPs showcased formidable antioxidant prowess in both DPPH and ABTS assays, signifying their potential as robust scavengers of free radicals. The determined minimal inhibitory concentration of 40 µg/mL against dental pathogens underscored the compelling antimicrobial attributes of ZnO-CU NPs. Furthermore, the interaction analysis revealed the superior binding affinity and intricate amino acid interactions of ZnO-CU NPs with receptors on dental pathogens. Moreover, in the realm of anticancer activity, ZnO-CU NPs exhibited a dose-dependent response against Human Oral Epidermal Carcinoma KB cells at concentrations of 10 µg/mL, 20 µg/mL, 40 µg/mL, and 80 µg/mL. Unraveling the intricate mechanism of apoptotic activity, ZnO-CU NPs orchestrated the upregulation of pivotal genes, including BCL2, BAX, and P53, within the KB cells.

    CONCLUSIONS: This multifaceted approach, addressing both antimicrobial and anticancer activity, positions ZnO-CU NPs as a compelling avenue for advancing oral health, offering a comprehensive strategy for tackling both oral infections and cancer.

    Matched MeSH terms: Benzothiazoles*
  5. Fulltext Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of Paederia foetida and Syzygium aqueum
    Osman H, Rahim AA, Isa NM, Bakhir NM
    Molecules, 2009;14(3):970-8.
    PMID: 19305354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14030970
    The antioxidant activity of fresh and dried plant extracts of Paederia foetida and Syzygium aqueum were studied using beta-carotene bleaching and the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation assay. The percentage of antioxidant activity for all extract samples using both assays was between 58 and 80%. The fresh samples of both plants had higher antioxidant activity than the dried samples. The results of the beta-carotene bleaching assay were correlated (R(2) = 0.9849) with those of the ABTS assay.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzothiazoles
  6. Chitosan-based tyrosinase optical phenol biosensor employing hybrid nafion/sol-gel silicate for MBTH immobilization
    Abdullah J, Ahmad M, Heng LY, Karuppiah N, Sidek H
    Talanta, 2006 Oct 15;70(3):527-32.
    PMID: 18970803 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2005.12.061
    The development of an optical biosensor based on immobilization of 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) in hybrid nafion/sol-gel silicate film and tyrosinase in chitosan film for the detection of phenolic compounds has been described. Tyrosinase was immobilized in chitosan film deposited on the hybrid nafion/sol-gel silicate film containing MBTH. The enzymatic oxidation product of phenolic compounds were stabilized through formation of adduct with MBTH to produce a maroon color adduct. The color intensity of adduct was found to increase proportionally with the increase of the substrate concentrations after 5min exposure. The linearity of the biosensor towards phenol, catechol and m-cresol were in the respective concentration range of 0.5-7.0, 0.5-10.0 and 1.0-13.0mg/L with detection limit of 0.18, 0.23 and 0.43mg/L, respectively. The biosensor shows a good stability for at least 3 months.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzothiazoles
  7. Antitumour benzothiazoles. Part 32: DNA adducts and double strand breaks correlate with activity; synthesis of 5F203 hydrogels for local delivery
    Stone EL, Citossi F, Singh R, Kaur B, Gaskell M, Farmer PB, et al.
    Bioorg Med Chem, 2015 Nov 01;23(21):6891-9.
    PMID: 26474663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.09.052
    Potent, selective antitumour AhR ligands 5F 203 and GW 610 are bioactivated by CYPs 1A1 and 2W1. Herein we reason that DNA adducts' generation resulting in lethal DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) underlies benzothiazoles' activity. Treatment of sensitive carcinoma cell lines with GW 610 generated co-eluting DNA adducts (R(2)>0.7). Time-dependent appearance of γ-H2AX foci revealed subsequent DNA double strand breaks. Propensity for systemic toxicity of benzothiazoles steered development of prodrugs' hydrogels for localised delivery. Clinical applications of targeted therapies include prevention or treatment of recurrent disease after surgical resection of solid tumours. In vitro evaluation of 5F 203 prodrugs' activity demonstrated nanomolar potency against MCF-7 breast and IGROV-1 ovarian carcinoma cell lines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzothiazoles/chemical synthesis; Benzothiazoles/pharmacology; Benzothiazoles/chemistry
  8. Mango leaf extract incorporated chitosan antioxidant film for active food packaging
    K R, G B, Banat F, Show PL, Cocoletzi HH
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2019 Apr 01;126:1234-1243.
    PMID: 30584938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.196
    Health hazards associated with usage of plastic films for food preservation demands for development of active films from non-toxic and antioxidant rich bio-sources. The reported work highlights the development, characterization and application studies of chitosan films enhanced for their antioxidant activity by mango leaf extract (MLE) incorporation. Effect of MLE variation (1-5%) on the morphology, optical nature, water exposure and mechanical characteristics of the chitosan-MLE composite films was studied. Increase in the MLE concentration resulted in films with increased thickness and decreased moisture content. Contact angle, water solubility and vapor permeability analysis demonstrated the reduced hydrophilicity and water vapor penetrability of the films due to MLE inclusion. MLE films possessed better tensile strength (maximum of 23.06 ± 0.19 MPa) with reduced elongation ratio than the pure chitosan film (18.14 ± 0.72 MPa). Antioxidants assessment in terms of total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging, ferric reducing power and ABTS radical scavenging showed improved antioxidant activity with the incremental amounts of MLE in the chitosan films. Microscopic studies revealed the smooth, compact and dense nature of the MLE-chitosan films favouring low oxygen transport rates. Application studies to cashew nuts preservation for 28 days storage indicated 56% higher oxidation resistance for the 5% MLE film than a commercial polyamide/polyethylene film. Results highlight the potential and promising nature of MLE impregnated chitosan films as suitable alternative for active packaging films for food preservation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzothiazoles
  9. Fulltext Optimized aqueous extraction conditions for maximal phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity from Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit) leaves by response surface methodology (RSM)
    Nor Hafiza Sayuti, ‘Ammar Akram Kamarudin, Nor Asma Ab. Razak, Norazalina Saad, Mohd Sabri Pak Dek, Norhaizan Mohd Esa
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(2):135-144.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: There are numerous studies on the therapeutic properties of Artocarpus heterophyllus. However, stud- ies on the aqueous extraction of A. heterophyllus leaves are limited. This present study was conducted to optimize the extraction conditions of A. heterophyllus leaves to yield the highest phenolic, flavonoids and antioxidant contents. Methods: Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to obtain a higher phenolic extraction parameter(s) of A. heterophyllus leaves using Central Composite Design (CCD). The antioxidant activity was then determined via ABTS (2,29-azinobis (3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) and DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay and analysis of the individual phenolics was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The optimum extraction conditions with higher phenolics content and antioxidant activity was achieved at 81°C, 100 min and 40 mL/g sample with a good desirability value of 0.87. Under these optimized parameters, total phenolics and flavonoids were 174.48 ± 4.05 mg GAE/g sample and 21.44 ± 0.05 mg RE/g sample, respectively. Meanwhile, antioxidant activity via ABTS and DPPH assays were 90.88% ± 0.09 and 87.22% ± 0.62, respectively. Finally, under optimal extraction conditions revealed 4 compounds identified as chlorogenic acid, quercetin, rutin and kaempferol. Conclusion: The optimisation are promising to improve phenolic yield and antioxidant activity in A. heterophyllus leaves. It also proved that A. heterophyllus leaves can be used as an alternative natural antioxidant especially in medicinal applications since all identified compound possess significant biological activities for human health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzothiazoles
  10. Fulltext Effect of different drying methods on phytochemicals and antioxidant properties of unfermented and fermented teas from Sabah Snake Grass (Clinacanthus nutans Lind.) leaves
    Lusia Barek, M., Hasmadi, M., Zaleha, A.Z., Mohd Fadzelly, A.B.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(2):661-670.
    MyJurnal
    Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. F.) Lindau or locally known in Sabah, Malaysia as ‘Sabah Snake Grass’ has been ethnobotanically used to treat various diseases in Asian countries. This study was conducted to determine the total phenolics content (TPC), flavonoids content (TFC) and antioxidant activity of herbal teas developed from C. nutans leaves with different drying techniques (microwave-oven dried and freeze dried) and infusion time (1, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min). Ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-pycryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assays were used to investigate the antioxidant capacity. The highest TPC of herbal tea was observed in 20 min infusion of unfermented microwave-oven dried leaves (177.80 ± 19.10 mg TAE/L), while the highest TFC was observed in 10 min infusion of fermented microwave-oven dried leaves (22.13 ± 1.53 mg CE/L). Short infusion times from 5 min to 15 min were able to extract high amount of phenolics compounds. Unfermented tea contained higher TPC content (P < 0.05) as compared to fermented tea, while, TFC showed no significant difference between both types. Freeze dried infusion shows no significant difference (P > 0.05) as compared to microwave-oven dried for TPC, TFC and antioxidant capacity. Moderate and low correlation was observed between TPC and FRAP values (r = 0.507) and between TFC and ABTS values (r = 0.256). Preparation of C. nutans herbal tea as potential natural antioxidant source can be used as a basic reference for future research on the dietary intake of these herbal teas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzothiazoles
  11. Fulltext Physicochemical quality, antioxidant compounds and activity of MD-2 pineapple fruit at five ripening stages
    Ding, P., Syazwani, S.
    International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(2):549-555.
    MyJurnal
    Although Malaysia is one of the important pineapple fruit producing and exporting country, the production of MD-2 pineapple fruit only started in 2009. Pineapple fruit has been harvested at different ripening stages for different markets. The information on Malaysian grown MD-2 pineapple fruit quality is lacking. Therefore this work was carried out with the aim to determine physicochemical quality, antioxidant compounds and activity of MD-2 pineapple fruit at five ripening stages. Ripening stage affected physicochemical quality of MD-2 pineapple fruit. Soluble solids concentration of MD-2 pineapple fruit increased from 15.41 to 18.02% SSC when fruit ripened from stage 1 to 4 and no significant difference was found in fruit between stage 4 and 5. The ascorbic acid content decreased while total carotenoids content increased as ripening stage advanced. The total phenolic content of both 80% methanol and water extraction solvents increased significantly as fruit ripened from stage 1 to 3 and reduced as fruit ripened to stage 5. The antioxidant activity of MD-2 pineapple fruit as assayed using DPPH, FRAP and ABTS showed similar trend as total phenolic content. These results suggest that ripening stage affect MD-2 pineapple fruit quality and nutritional values.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzothiazoles
  12. Fulltext Multivariate statistical analysis of antioxidants in dates (Phoenix dactylifera)
    Abbas, F.M.A., Foroogh, B., Liong, M.T., Azhar, M.E.
    International Food Research Journal, 2008;15(2):193-200.
    MyJurnal
    Four types of soft dates (SD), three types of semi-dried dates (SDD) and one type of dried dates (DD) were used in this study. The antioxidant activities were assessed using TEAC method (ABTS assay) and the ferric reducing/antioxidant power method (FRAP assay), while total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were measured using Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), discriminant analysis (DA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to analyze the data. MANOVA showed a strong significant difference between the eight types of dates. DA identified the relative contribution of each parameter in distinguishing the dates. DA also identified two functions responsible for discriminating the dates and showed the difference between different types of dates. The first function distinguished DD from other types of dates, whilst the second function discriminated SD and SDD, affording 100% correct assignation. PCA identified only one component responsible for explaining 98.85% of the total variance in antioxidant data. It is suggested that the TEAC method and the quantitative determination of TPC and TFC was suitable for differentiation of dates and quality control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzothiazoles
  13. Fulltext Evaluation of β-Cyclodextrin masking effect on the bitterness of Angelwing Clam (Pholas Orientalis) Hydrolysate
    Normah, I., Nurul Fasihah, R.
    International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(4):1500-1506.
    MyJurnal
    Angelwing clam (Pholas orientalis) hydrolysate was prepared by hydrolysis using bromelain. The hydrolysate named as bromelain hydrolysate (BH) was then treated with β-cyclodextrin in the ratio of 1:0.8 (v/w) by physical mixing and kneading methods producing the physical mixed hydrolysate (PMH) and kneaded method hydrolysate (KMH), respectively. The masking effect of β-cyclodextrin on bitterness was evaluated based on sensory analysis, amino acid analysis and determination of flavor compound by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Sensory analysis showed that KMH has least bitter taste compared to BH. Amino acids analysis showed that hydrophobic amino acids content that contributed to the bitter taste were lower in KMH and PMH compared to BH. GC-MS analysis also showed that benzothiazole compounds were present in KMH. The absence of benzene, 1-phenyl-4-2-(2-cyano-2-phenylethyl) in KMH and PMH indicated that phenylalanine in BH had been masked by β-cyclodextrin. FESEM showed that the new solid phase formed by kneading method has a crystal structure which was completely different from the original morphology of BH and β-cyclodextrin. Therefore, the bitterness in BH had successfully been masked by β-cyclodextrin, thus indicates its potential to be used as food ingredient..
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzothiazoles
  14. Fulltext Antioxidant activity of winter melon (Benincasa Hispida) seeds using conventional soxhlet extraction technique
    Mandana, B., Russly, A.R., Farah, S.T., Noranizan, M.A., Zaidul, I.S., Ali. G.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(1):229-234.
    MyJurnal
    In this study, the effect of different solvent including ethanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate on antioxidant
    activity and total phenolic content (TPC) of winter melon (Benincasa hispida) seeds extract was investigated using conventional Soxhlet extraction (CSE). DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity and TPC results indicated that the seed extracts obtained using ethanol possessed the highest antioxidant activity and followed by ethyl acetate and n-hexane. By considering obtained results, it was clear that there was a high positive correlation between TPC and antioxidant activity. Linoleic acid forms a significant percentage of unsaturated fatty acids of the seed extract (60.6%). It is well known that essential fatty acids including linoleic acid and linolenic acid which are detected in extracts play important roles in preventing many disease and abnormal differentiation problems. B. hispida seeds are potential source of natural antioxidant compounds to replace synthetic antioxidants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzothiazoles
  15. Fulltext Phytochemical Constituents, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Properties of a Liverwort, Lepidozia borneensis Stephani from Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
    Abu Bakar MF, Abdul Karim F, Suleiman M, Isha A, Rahmat A
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2015;2015:936215.
    PMID: 26640502 DOI: 10.1155/2015/936215
    The study aimed to investigate the phytochemical contents, antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of 80% methanol extract of Lepidozia borneensis. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were analysed using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods. Antioxidant properties were evaluated by using FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH assays while the effects of L. borneensis on the proliferation of MCF-7 cell line were evaluated by using MTT assay. The results showed that the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 12.42 ± 0.47 mg GAE/g and 9.36 ± 1.29 mg CE/g, respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of at least 35 compounds. The extract was found to induce cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell line with IC50 value of 47.33 ± 7.37 µg/mL. Cell cycle analysis showed that the extract induced significant arrest at G0/G1 at 24 hours of treatment. After 72 hours of treatment, the proportion of cells in G0/G1 and G2-M phases had decreased significantly as compared to their control. Apoptosis occurred during the first 24 hours and significantly increased to 30.8% after 72 hours of treatment. No activation of caspase 3 was observed. These findings suggest that L. borneensis extract has the potential as natural antioxidant and anticancer agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzothiazoles
  16. Fulltext Influence of conventional and ultrasonic-assisted extraction on phenolic contents, betacyanin contents, and antioxidant capacity of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
    Ramli NS, Ismail P, Rahmat A
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:964731.
    PMID: 25379555 DOI: 10.1155/2014/964731
    The aim of this study was to examine the effects of extraction methods on antioxidant capacities of red dragon fruit peel and flesh. Antioxidant capacities were measured using ethylenebenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent while quantitative determination of total flavonoid content (TFC) was conducted using aluminium trichloride colorimetric method. Betacyanin content (BC) was measured by spectrophotometer. Red dragon fruit was extracted using conventional (CV) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UE) technique to determine the most efficient way of extracting its antioxidant components. Results indicated that UE increased TFC, reduced the extraction yield, BC, and TPC, but exhibited the strongest scavenging activity for the peel of red dragon fruit. In contrast, UE reduced BC, TFC, and scavenging activity but increased the yield for the flesh. Nonetheless, UE slightly increases TPC in flesh. Scavenging activity and reducing power were highly correlated with phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Conversely, the scavenging activity and reducing power were weakly correlated with betacyanin content. This work gives scientific evidences for the consideration of the type of extraction techniques for the peel and flesh of red dragon fruit in applied research and food industry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzothiazoles/chemistry
  17. Synthesis, crystal structures and characterization of late first row transition metal complexes derived from benzothiazole core: anti-tuberculosis activity and special emphasis on DNA binding and cleavage property
    Netalkar PP, Netalkar SP, Budagumpi S, Revankar VK
    Eur J Med Chem, 2014 May 22;79:47-56.
    PMID: 24721314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.083
    Air and moisture stable coordination compounds of late first row transition metals, viz. Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II), with a newly designed ligand, 2-(2-benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)hydrazono)propan-1-ol (LH), were prepared and successfully characterized using various spectro-analytical techniques. The molecular structures of the ligand and nickel complex were unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The [Ni(LH)2]Cl2.3H2O complex is stabilized by intermolecular CH⋯π stacking interactions between the methyl hydrogen and the C18 atom of the phenyl ring (C11-H11B⋯C18) forming 1D zig-zag chain structure. Both, the ligand and its copper complex, were electrochemically active in the working potential range, showing quasi-reversible redox system. The interactions of all the compounds with calf thymus DNA have been comprehensively investigated using electronic absorption spectroscopy, viscosity, electrochemistry and thermal denaturation studies. The cleavage reaction on pBR322 DNA has been monitored by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the ligand can bind to CT-DNA through partial intercalation, whereas the complexes bind electrostatically. Further, [Ni(LH)2]Cl2.3H2O and [CuLCl(H2O)2] complexes in the series have high binding and cleavage affinity towards pBR322 DNA. Additionally, all the compounds were screened for anti-tuberculosis activity. All the complexes revealed an MIC value of 0.8 μg/mL, which is almost 8 times active than standard used (Streptomycin, 6.25 μg/mL).
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzothiazoles/chemistry*
  18. The effect of combination enzymatic and advanced oxidation process treatments on the colour of pulp and paper mill effluent
    Karimi S, Abdulkhani A, Karimi A, Ghazali AH, Ahmadun FL
    Environ Technol, 2010 Apr 1;31(4):347-56.
    PMID: 20450108 DOI: 10.1080/09593330903473861
    The efficiency of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), enzymatic treatment and combined enzymatic/AOP sequences for the colour remediation of soda and chemimechanical pulp and paper mill effluent was investigated. The results indicated that under all circumstances, the AOP using ultraviolet irradiation (photo-Fenton) was more efficient in the degradation of effluent components in comparison with the dark reaction. It was found that both versatile peroxidase (VP) from Bjerkandera adusta and laccase from Trametes versicolor, as pure enzymes, decolorize the deep brown effluent to a clear light-yellow solution. In addition, it was found that in the laccase treatment, the decolorization rates of both effluents were enhanced in the presence of 2, 2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate), while in the case of VP, Mn(+2) decreased the efficiency of the decolorization treatment. The concomitant use of enzymes and AOPs imposes a considerable effect on the colour remediation of effluent samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzothiazoles/pharmacology
  19. Antioxidants from tropical herbs
    Razab R, Abdul-Aziz A
    Nat Prod Commun, 2010 Mar;5(3):441-5.
    PMID: 20420325
    Plants that contain high amounts of polyphenolic compounds are potential candidates for natural antioxidant sources. Studies are on going in the search for new sources of antioxidants. Not much data are available on the antioxidant capacity of tropical herbs. With this in mind, 19 commonly consumed Malaysian herbs were analyzed for their polyphenolic content and antioxidant activities. A majority of these plants have never been studied before with regards to their polyphenolic content and antioxidant activities. The shoots of Anacardium occidentale, the shoots and fruits of Barringtonia racemosa, Pithecellobium jiringa and Parkia speciosa had high polyphenolic contents (> 150 microg gallic acid equivalents/mg dried plant) and antioxidant activities when measured using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (>1.2 mM) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays (>2.4 mM). A strong correlation was observed between the two antioxidant assays (FRAP vs TEAC) implying that the plants could both scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidants. There was also a strong correlation between the antioxidant activities and polyphenolic content suggesting the observed antioxidant activities were contributed mainly by the polyphenolics in the plants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzothiazoles/chemistry
  20. Fulltext SKA-31, an activator of Ca2+-activated K+ channels, improves cardiovascular function in aging
    John CM, Khaddaj Mallat R, Mishra RC, George G, Singh V, Turnbull JD, et al.
    Pharmacol Res, 2020 01;151:104539.
    PMID: 31707036 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104539
    Aging represents an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, and is associated with complex structural and functional alterations in the vasculature, such as endothelial dysfunction. Small- and intermediate-conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCa2.3 and KCa3.1, respectively) are prominently expressed in the vascular endothelium, and pharmacological activators of these channels induce robust vasodilation upon acute exposure in isolated arteries and intact animals. However, the effects of prolonged in vivo administration of such compounds are unknown. In our study, we hypothesized that such treatment would ameliorate aging-related cardiovascular deficits. Aged (∼18 months) male Sprague Dawley rats were treated daily with either vehicle or the KCa channel activator SKA-31 (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection; n = 6/group) for 8 weeks, followed by echocardiography, arterial pressure myography, immune cell and plasma cytokine characterization, and tissue histology. Our results show that SKA-31 administration improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation, reduced agonist-induced vascular contractility, and prevented the aging-associated declines in cardiac ejection fraction, stroke volume and fractional shortening, and further improved the expression of endothelial KCa channels and associated cell signalling components to levels similar to those observed in young male rats (∼5 months at end of study). SKA-31 administration did not promote pro-inflammatory changes in either T cell populations or plasma cytokines/chemokines, and we observed no overt tissue histopathology in heart, kidney, aorta, brain, liver and spleen. SKA-31 treatment in young rats had little to no effect on vascular reactivity, select protein expression, tissue histology, plasma cytokines/chemokines or immune cell properties. Collectively, these data demonstrate that administration of the KCa channel activator SKA-31 improved aging-related cardiovascular function, without adversely affecting the immune system or promoting tissue toxicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzothiazoles/pharmacology*
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