Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 139 in total

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  1. Fulltext Study on radon emanation from selected building materials in Malaysia
    Ahmed, Al-Halemi, Jaafar, M.S.
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2010;2010(1):14-20.
    MyJurnal
    Radon-222 emanation from selected locally produced samples of building materials, used in Malaysia were measured using the Professional Continuous Radon Monitor Model 1027, which is a patented electronic detecting-junction photodiode sensor to measure the concentration of radon gas. Each sample was placed for 72 hours inside a 3.11 x 10 -2 m 3 sealed container. It was found that the average radon concentration Bqm -3 of air for concrete bricks, concrete brick with cemented coatings, concrete brick with cemented coatings and paint samples were, 303.7 Bq/m 3, 436.6 Bqm -3, and 410.7 Bqm -3, respectively. (Bqm -3 ) for brown clay brick, brown clay brick with cemented coatings, brown clay brick with cemented coatings and paint were 166.5 Bqm -3, 166.5 Bqm -3, and 148 Bqm -3, respectively. (Bqm -3 ) for sample of compact ceramic tile was 0 Bqm -3. The findings show that concrete brick samples are important source of radon emanation, while brown clay brick have been accepted as the recommendation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and ceramic tiles had no emanation of radon gas due to their compact surface, or the glazed layer created on the tile surface during the manufacturing process, which blocks radon emanation. A positive correlation between radon emanation and radium content has been observed for both brown clay brick and concrete brick samples whereas a negative correlation for ceramic tile has been observed. Consequently from the findings, in order to reduce radon emanation and radon exposure in house dwellings and in addition to EPA recommendation of sealed cracks and established good ventilation, we recommend concrete walls to be painted and concrete floors to be paved with ceramic tiles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ceramics
  2. Study on changing the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of dental porcelain
    Jamaluddin O, Zainal AA
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:143-4.
    PMID: 15468859
    Raising the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of dental porcelains is important to match the CTE of the ceramic material with the higher CTE of the metal inlay in dental restorations. The higher thermal expansion of the leucite phase increases the overall thermal expansion coefficient of the dental porcelain. Potassium nitrate (KNO3) additions in controlled percentages to the base dental porcelain formulation help in the formation of a leucite phase. The percentage added was 5,10 and 20 weight percent of leucite, respectively, to the total base frit composition. The change in CTE values was then investigated using a Linseis Dilatometer. A 20wt% KNO3 addition resulted in a CTE of 9.0 microm/m-K compared to the 7.7 microm/m-K CTE of the base composition. The microstructures observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) show a multiphase material with the leucite phases dispersed within a glassy matrix. The results suggest that higher CTEs in the dental porcelain are possible by increasing the KNO3- additions within the limits tested.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ceramics/analysis*
  3. Structure-property relationships of iron-hydroxyapatite ceramic matrix nanocomposite fabricated using mechanosynthesis method
    Nordin JA, Prajitno DH, Saidin S, Nur H, Hermawan H
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2015 Jun;51:294-9.
    PMID: 25842138 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.03.019
    Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is an attractive bioceramics due to its similar composition to bone mineral and its ability to promote bone-implant interaction. However, its low strength has limited its application as load bearing implants. This paper presented a work focusing on the improvement of HAp mechanical property by synthesizing iron (Fe)-reinforced bovine HAp nanocomposite powders via mechanosynthesis method. The synthesis process was performed using high energy milling at varied milling time (3, 6, 9, and 12h). The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Its mechanical properties were investigated by micro-Vicker's hardness and compression tests. Results showed that milling time directly influenced the characteristics of the nanocomposite powders. Amorphous BHAp was formed after 9 and 12h milling in the presence of HPO4(2-) ions. Continuous milling has improved the crystallinity of Fe without changing the HAp lattice structure. The nanocomposite powders were found in spherical shape, agglomerated and dense after longer milling time. The hardness and Young's modulus of the nanocomposites were also increased at 69% and 66%, respectively, as the milling time was prolonged from 3 to 12h. Therefore, the improvement of the mechanical properties of nanocomposite was attributed to high Fe crystallinity and homogenous, dense structure produced by mechanosynthesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ceramics/chemistry*
  4. Strain measurements and fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars restored with all-ceramic restorations
    Seow LL, Toh CG, Wilson NH
    J Dent, 2015 Jan;43(1):126-32.
    PMID: 25448436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.10.001
    OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the recovery of cuspal stiffness and fracture resistance in endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with bonded ceramic inlays and onlays of various designs.
    METHODS: Seventy intact premolars were selected for this study; six cavity designs were investigated: (i) mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) inlay (I), (ii) MOD inlay with palatal cusp coverage (IPC), (iii) MOD onlay (O), (iv) MOD inlay with pulp chamber extension (IPE), (v) MOD inlay with palatal cusp coverage and pulp chamber extension (IPCPE), and (vi) MOD onlay with pulp chamber extension (OPE). Intact teeth acted as control. Strain gauges were attached to the buccal and palatal surfaces of the teeth to measure cuspal stiffness under static loading. All specimens were eventually subjected to compressive load to failure. Cuspal stiffness and fracture resistance data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test.
    RESULTS: The I and IPE restorations restored cuspal stiffness to 75% of the sound tooth value. The O and OPE restored teeth had stiffness values greater than that of a sound tooth. The I, IPC, O, IPE, IPCPE and OPE restored teeth demonstrated fracture strength values of 938N±113 N (s.d.), 1073N±176 N and 1317N±219 N, 893N±129 N, 1062N±153 N and 1347N±191 N respectively.
    CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that the all-ceramic onlay or inlay with palatal cusp coverage provided best biomechanical advantage in restoring an endodontically treated maxillary premolar tooth.
    CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The onlay approach which is more conservative compared to full coverage restoration is considered an appropriate approach to the restoration of endodontically treated maxillary premolars. The addition of a pulpal extension to the all-ceramic restorations, apart from being technically challenging, was not found to offer any biomechanical advantage to the restored teeth.
    KEYWORDS: Endodontically treated teeth; Fracture strengths; Inlay; Onlay; Pulp chamber extension; Strains
    Matched MeSH terms: Ceramics
  5. Fulltext SrCrxFe12-xO19 nanoceramics as an effective catalyst for desulfurization of liquid fuels: Green sol-gel synthesis, characterization, magnetic and optical properties
    Mandizadeh S, Soofivand F, Bagheri S, Salavati-Niasari M
    PLoS One, 2017;12(5):e0162891.
    PMID: 28493874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162891
    In this work, SrCrxFe12-xO19 (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) nanostructures were successfully synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion method, and different aminoacids were used as green reductants. Various analysis results show that SrCrxFe12-xO19 nanoparticles synthesized successfully.The present study shows that SrCrxFe12-xO19 nanoparticle could be used as adsorbent for the desulfurization of liquid fuels. Increasing of nanoparticles concentration was caused to increase the adsorption rate of sulfur contents of fuel. The adsorption rate of sulfur contents of fuel in various concentrations 4.5, 9.5, and 18.5 g. L -1 of SrCrxFe12-xO19 nanoparticles in solution was estimated about 39, 50, and 62% for 30 min, respectively. The results of catalytic tests reveals that SrCrxFe12-xO19 nanoparticles have the potential to be used as a new kind of semiconductor catalysts for the desulfurization of liquid fuels. Magnetic property of the final sample was measured at room temperature by a vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) and shown that the intrinsic coercivity of product is about 6000 Oe and it exhibits characteristics of single magnetic domains (Mr/ Ms = 0.53).
    Matched MeSH terms: Ceramics/chemical synthesis; Ceramics/chemistry*
  6. Sintering behaviour of hydroxyapatite bioceramics
    Ramesh S, Tan CY, Aw KL, Yeo WH, Hamdi M, Sopyan I, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:89-90.
    PMID: 19024998
    The sintering behaviour of a commercial HA and synthesized HA was investigated over the temperature range of 700 degrees C to 1400 degrees C in terms of phase stability, bulk density, Young's modulus and Vickers hardness. In the present research, a wet chemical precipitation reaction was successfully employed to synthesize a submicron, highly crystalline, high purity and single phase stoichiometric HA powder that is highly sinteractive particularly at low temperature regimes below 1100 degrees C. It has been revealed that the sinterability of the synthesized HA was significantly greater than that of the commercial HA. The temperature for the onset of sintering and the temperature required to achieve densities above 98% of theoretical value were approximately 150 degrees C lower for the synthesized HA than the equivalent commercial HA. Nevertheless, decomposition of HA phase upon sintering was not observed in the present work for both powders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ceramics/chemistry*
  7. Fulltext Shear bond strength of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing feldspathic and nano resin ceramics blocks cemented with three different generations of resin cement
    Ab-Ghani Z, Jaafar W, Foo SF, Ariffin Z, Mohamad D
    J Conserv Dent, 2015 Sep-Oct;18(5):355-9.
    PMID: 26430296 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.164028
    To evaluate the shear bond strength between the dentin substrate and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing feldspathic ceramic and nano resin ceramics blocks cemented with resin cement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ceramics
  8. Fulltext Self-Fluxing Mechanism in Geopolymerization for Low-Sintering Temperature of Ceramic
    Jamil NH, Abdullah MMAB, Pa FC, Mohamad H, Ibrahim WMAW, Amonpattaratkit P, et al.
    Materials (Basel), 2021 Mar 10;14(6).
    PMID: 33801862 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061325
    Kaolin, theoretically known as having low reactivity during geopolymerization, was used as a source of aluminosilicate materials in this study. Due to this concern, it is challenging to directly produce kaolin geopolymers without pre-treatment. The addition of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) accelerated the geopolymerization process. Kaolin-GGBS geopolymer ceramic was prepared at a low sintering temperature due to the reaction of the chemical composition during the initial stage of geopolymerization. The objective of this work was to study the influence of the chemical composition towards sintering temperature of sintered kaolin-GGBS geopolymer. Kaolin-GGBS geopolymer was prepared with a ratio of solid to liquid 2:1 and cured at 60 °C for 14 days. The cured geopolymer was sintered at different temperatures: 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 °C. Sintering at 900 °C resulted in the highest compressive strength due to the formation of densified microstructure, while higher sintering temperature led to the formation of interconnected pores. The difference in the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra was related to the phases obtained from the X-ray diffraction analysis, such as akermanite and anothite. Thermal analysis indicated the stability of sintered kaolin-GGBS geopolymer when exposed to 1100 °C, proving that kaolin can be directly used without heat treatment in geopolymers. The geopolymerization process facilitates the stability of cured samples when directly sintered, as well as plays a significant role as a self-fluxing agent to reduce the sintering temperature when producing sintered kaolin-GGBS geopolymers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ceramics
  9. Fulltext Role of Sintering Temperature in Production of Nepheline Ceramics-Based Geopolymer with Addition of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene
    Ahmad R, Abdullah MMAB, Ibrahim WMW, Hussin K, Ahmad Zaidi FH, Chaiprapa J, et al.
    Materials (Basel), 2021 Feb 25;14(5).
    PMID: 33669116 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051077
    The primary motivation of developing ceramic materials using geopolymer method is to minimize the reliance on high sintering temperatures. The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was added as binder and reinforces the nepheline ceramics based geopolymer. The samples were sintered at 900 °C, 1000 °C, 1100 °C, and 1200 °C to elucidate the influence of sintering on the physical and microstructural properties. The results indicated that a maximum flexural strength of 92 MPa is attainable once the samples are used to be sintered at 1200 °C. It was also determined that the density, porosity, volumetric shrinkage, and water absorption of the samples also affected by the sintering due to the change of microstructure and crystallinity. The IR spectra reveal that the band at around 1400 cm-1 becomes weak, indicating that sodium carbonate decomposed and began to react with the silica and alumina released from gels to form nepheline phases. The sintering process influence in the development of the final microstructure thus improving the properties of the ceramic materials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ceramics
  10. Fulltext Rietveld quantitative phase analysis of non-stoichiometric cordierite synthesised from mainly talc and kaolin: effect of sintering temperature
    Banjuraizah Johar, Hasmaliza Mohamad, Zainal Arifin Ahmad
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2009;2009(1):103-110.
    MyJurnal
    Indialite or α-cordierite was synthesized by glass crystallization method using mainly talc and kaolin and with small amount of MgO, Al2O3, SiO2 to compensate the chemical formulation of non-stoihiometric compositions of cordierite. (3MgO.1.5Al2O3.5SiO2). B2O3, P2O5 and CaO was also added to decrease the melting and sintering temperature of cordierite. The glasses were pelletized and sintered from 850 o C up to 1050 o C. Phase compositions of both heat treated glass was quantified by X-ray powder diffraction data by the Rietveld method using TOPAS Ver 3 software. Result shows that about 60wt% of α cordierite has successfully crystallized at 850 o C. Beside secondary phases (forsterite) which come from initial raw materials, phases from grinding media were also presents in the sample. The contamination was considered high since it has reacted with existence phases to form a new phase at higher temperature. Without any contamination from grinding it was expected to obtain more than 90wt% α cordierite using the same composition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ceramics
  11. Revision total hip arthroplasty with metal on metal bearing for ceramic bearing fractures
    Park KS, Chan CK, Kim SK, Li QS, Im CJ, Yoon TR
    J Orthop Sci, 2019 May;24(3):452-457.
    PMID: 30415823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2018.10.016
    BACKGROUND: Due to concern of potential metallosis caused by residual microscopic ceramic particles, metal-on-metal (MoM) bearing is deemed undesirable in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) for ceramic bearing fracture. We determined whether MoM bearing is suitable to be used in revision THA for ceramic fractures and also evaluated whether this treatment increases serum iron levels compared with MoM bearing revision THA for polyethylene failure.

    METHODS: Between 2006 and 2012, 22 patients underwent revision surgery using MoM bearing (28 mm femoral head in 18 hips and 32 mm in 4 hips) for ceramic bearing fracture and followed average 52.1 months. We assessed radiological parameter and functional outcome using Harris hip score (HHS) and WOMAC score. Also, serum cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) blood tests were performed and compared with the result obtained from age, sex- and follow-up duration-matched patients with MoM revision THA for failed polyethylene bearing.

    RESULTS: The mean HHS improved from 60.6 preoperatively to 90.3 at final follow-up. There were no changes in cup position, progression of osteolytic lesions, and measurable wear of MoM bearing articulation at final follow-up radiographs. There was one case of recurrent dislocation after surgery, which was treated with greater trochanter distal advancement and one case of deep infection, which underwent two-stage revision. Mean serum Co level (1.7 vs. 1.4 μg/dl; p = 0.211) and Cr level (0.70 vs. 1.01 μg/dl; p = 0.327) showed no significant difference.

    CONCLUSIONS: MoM articulation with liner cementation into the acetabular cup along with total synovectomy can be chosen in revision surgery for ceramic fracture with good midterm follow-up. However, the use of MoM bearing is indicated when the stem and metal shell can be retained and ceramic on ceramic or ceramic on polyethylene bearing cannot be selected. Also long-term outcome needs to be further evaluated.

    Matched MeSH terms: Ceramics*
  12. Fulltext Research trend in the processing and application of macroporous ceramic components
    Dele-Afolabi, Temitope T., Azmah M.A. Hanim, Norkhairunnisa Mazlan, Shafreeza Sobri, Calin, Recep
    The Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2017;3(3):83-92.
    MyJurnal
    Porous ceramic components with decently controlled porosity offers remarkable advantages in industrial and structural applications such as fluid filtration, thermal insulation and scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. In this review study of porous ceramic components, requisite processing techniques necessary for the development of porous ceramics with imbued microstructural model intended for a specific application. An appraisal of the fabrication was made with respect to their economic viability wherein cost effective methods having great potentials in decently controlling the pore network imbued within the host ceramic matrix was preferred over the capital intensive counterparts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ceramics
  13. Fulltext Repair of segmental load-bearing bone defect by autologous mesenchymal stem cells and plasma-derived fibrin impregnated ceramic block results in early recovery of limb function
    Ng MH, Duski S, Tan KK, Yusof MR, Low KC, Rose IM, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:345910.
    PMID: 25165699 DOI: 10.1155/2014/345910
    Calcium phosphate-based bone substitutes have not been used to repair load-bearing bone defects due to their weak mechanical property. In this study, we reevaluated the functional outcomes of combining ceramic block with osteogenic-induced mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma (TEB) to repair critical-sized segmental tibial defect. Comparisons were made with fresh marrow-impregnated ceramic block (MIC) and partially demineralized allogeneic bone block (ALLO). Six New Zealand White female rabbits were used in each study group and three rabbits with no implants were used as negative controls. By Day 90, 4/6 rabbits in TEB group and 2/6 in ALLO and MIC groups resumed normal gait pattern. Union was achieved significantly faster in TEB group with a radiological score of 4.50 ± 0.78 versus ALLO (1.06 ± 0.32), MIC (1.28 ± 0.24), and negative controls (0). Histologically, TEB group scored the highest percentage of new bone (82% ± 5.1%) compared to ALLO (5% ± 2.5%) and MIC (26% ± 5.2%). Biomechanically, TEB-treated tibiae achieved the highest compressive strength (43.50 ± 12.72 MPa) compared to those treated with ALLO (15.15 ± 3.57 MPa) and MIC (23.28 ± 6.14 MPa). In conclusion, TEB can repair critical-sized segmental load-bearing bone defects and restore limb function.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ceramics/pharmacology
  14. Removal of boron from ceramic industry wastewater by adsorption-flocculation mechanism using palm oil mill boiler (POMB) bottom ash and polymer
    Chong MF, Lee KP, Chieng HJ, Syazwani Binti Ramli II
    Water Res, 2009 Jul;43(13):3326-34.
    PMID: 19487007 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.04.044
    Boron is extensively used in the ceramic industry for enhancing mechanical strength of the tiles. The discharge of boron containing wastewater to the environment causes severe pollution problems. Boron is also dangerous for human consumption and causes organisms' reproductive impediments if the safe intake level is exceeded. Current methods to remove boron include ion-exchange, membrane filtration, precipitation-coagulation, biological and chemical treatment. These methods are costly to remove boron from the wastewater and hence infeasible for industrial wastewater treatment. In the present research, adsorption-flocculation mechanism is proposed for boron removal from ceramic wastewater by using Palm Oil Mill Boiler (POMB) bottom ash and long chain polymer or flocculant. Ceramic wastewater is turbid and milky in color which contains 15 mg/L of boron and 2000 mg/L of suspended solids. The optimum operating conditions for boron adsorption on POMB bottom ash and flocculation using polymer were investigated in the present research. Adsorption isotherm of boron on bottom ash was also investigated to evaluate the adsorption capacity. Adsorption isotherm modeling was conducted based on Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The results show that coarse POMB bottom ash with particle size larger than 2 mm is a suitable adsorbent where boron is removed up to 80% under the optimum conditions (pH=8.0, dosage=40 g bottom ash/300 ml wastewater, residence time=1h). The results also show that KP 1200 B cationic polymer is effective in flocculating the suspended solids while AP 120 C anionic polymer is effective in flocculating the bottom ash. The combined cationic and anionic polymers are able to clarify the ceramic wastewater under the optimum conditions (dosage of KP 1200 B cationic polymer=100 mg/L, dosage of AP 120 C anionic polymer=50 mg/L, mixing speed=200 rpm). Under the optimum operating conditions, the boron and suspended solids concentration of the treated wastewater were reduced to 3 mg/L and 5 mg/L respectively, satisfying the discharge requirement by Malaysia Department of Environment (DOE). The modeling study shows that the adsorption isotherm of boron onto POMB bottom ash conformed to the Freundlich Isotherm. The proposed method is suitable for boron removal in ceramic wastewater especially in regions where POMB bottom ash is abundant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ceramics*
  15. Remaining tooth structure associated with various preparation designs for the endodontically treated maxillary second premolar
    Seow LL, Toh CG, Wilson NH
    Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent, 2005 Jun;13(2):57-64.
    PMID: 16011232
    Existing literature suggests a relationship between the amount of remaining tooth structure and the fracture resistance of the restored endodontically treated tooth. This study investigated the amount of tooth structure remaining following various tooth preparations used in the restoration of the endodontically treated maxillary second premolar. Illustrations of the maxillary second premolar in buccopalatal, mesiodistal and occlusal sections were drawn to scale. Outlines of various intra- and extracoronal preparations were superim-posed on the illustrations to reveal the amount of tooth tissue remaining in each case. Preparations for a ceramic inlay, inlay with palatal cusp coverage and onlay left 2.0-2.5mm of tooth structure buccally and palatally. Following preparation for a metal-ceramic crown, approximately 1.0mm of tooth structure remained buccally, and between 1.6mm-1.8mm palatally. Preparation for an all-ceramic crown was observed to leave 1.0mm-1.2mm of tooth structure surrounding what remained of the endodontic access cavity. It was concluded that decisions as to the type of definitive restoration to restore the endodontically treated maxillary second premolar may be influenced, amongst other factors, by information on the amount of tooth tissue remaining following preparation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ceramics
  16. Recycling of Malaysia's electric arc furnace (EAF) slag waste into heavy-duty green ceramic tile
    Teo PT, Anasyida AS, Basu P, Nurulakmal MS
    Waste Manag, 2014 Dec;34(12):2697-708.
    PMID: 25242607 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.08.015
    Recently, various solid wastes from industry such as glass waste, fly ash, sewage sludge and slag have been recycled into various value-added products such as ceramic tile. The conventional solutions of dumping the wastes in landfills or incineration, including in Malaysia are getting obsolete as the annual huge amount of the solid wastes would boost-up disposal cost and may cause permanent damage to the flora and fauna. This recent waste recycling approach is much better and greener as it can resolve problems associated with over-limit storage of industrial wastes and reduce exploration of natural resources for ceramic tile to continuously sustain the nature. Therefore, in this project, an attempt was made to recycle electric arc furnace (EAF) slag waste, obtained from Malaysia's steel making industry, into ceramic tile via conventional powder compaction method. The research work was divided into two stages. The first stage was to evaluate the suitability of EAF slag in ceramic tile by varying weight percentage of EAF slag (40 wt.%, 50 wt.% and 60 wt.%) and ball clay (40 wt.%, 50 wt.% and 60 wt.%), with no addition of silica and potash feldspar. In the second stage, the weight percentage of EAF slag was fixed at 40 wt.% and the percentage of ball clay (30 wt.% and 40 wt.%), feldspar (10 wt.% and 20 wt.%) and silica (10 wt.% and 20 wt.%) added was varied accordingly. Results obtained show that as weight percentage of EAF slag increased up to 60 wt.%, the percentage of apparent porosity and water absorption also rose, with a reduction in tile flexural strength and increased porosity. On the other hand, limiting the weight percentage of EAF slag to 40 wt.% while increasing the weight percentage of ball clay led to a higher total percentage of anorthite and wollastonite minerals, resulting in higher flexural strength. It was found that introduction of silica and feldspar further improved the flexural strength due to optimization of densification process. The highest flexural strength, lowest apparent porosity and water absorption of EAF slag based tile was attained at the composition of 40 wt.% EAF slag--30 wt.% ball clay--10 wt.% feldspar--20 wt.% silica. The properties of ceramic tile made with EAF slag waste (up to 40 wt.%), especially flexural strength are comparable to those of commercial ceramic tile and are, therefore, suitable as high flexural strength and heavy-duty green ceramic floor tile. Continuous development is currently underway to improve the properties of tile so that this recycling approach could be one of the potential effective, efficient and sustainable solutions in sustaining our nature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ceramics/analysis*
  17. Fulltext Recovery of uranium from Malaysian non-conventional sources
    Meor Yusoff, M.S.
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2010;2010(2):55-65.
    MyJurnal
    The recovery of uranium from non-conventional sources has its importance in the security of nuclear fuel supply as well as producing a more value-added product to the contaminated source. In this paper, uranium is recovered both by developing a hydrothermal process as well as using the removal method. Developing hydrothermal process involves using high uranium concentrated starting material such as xenotime and thorium hydroxide waste produced from the monazite cracking process. Oxalate separation enable to produce a better uranium and thorium separation from the yttrium in xenotime as compared to the hydroxide precipitation. Also, a solvent extraction stage was included to separate the uranium from the thorium in the process using thorium hydroxide waste. The removal method involves using selective leaching for minerals with lower uranium content such as zircon. A better removal for uranium and thorium in zircon is achieved when a heat treatment process was done prior to the leaching stage. White zircon mineral was produced after this treatment and its quality meets the requirement for white ceramic opacifier and glaze.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ceramics
  18. Recent development on porous calcium phosphate ceramics for biomedical application
    Sopyan I
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:14-5.
    PMID: 19024961
    Porous calcium phosphate ceramics have found enormous use in biomedical applications including bone tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, and drug delivery. In bone tissue engineering it has been applied as filling material for bone defects and augmentation, artificial bone graft material, and prosthesis revision surgery. Their high surface area leads to excellent osteoconductivity and resorbability providing fast bone ingrowths. Porous calcium phosphate can be produced by a variety of methods. This paper discusses briefly fundamental aspects of porous calcium phosphate for biomedical applications as well as various techniques used to prepare porous calcium phosphate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ceramics*
  19. Fulltext Real-time curvature defect detection on outer surfaces using best-fit polynomial interpolation
    Golkar E, Prabuwono AS, Patel A
    Sensors (Basel), 2012;12(11):14774-91.
    PMID: 23202186 DOI: 10.3390/s121114774
    This paper presents a novel, real-time defect detection system, based on a best-fit polynomial interpolation, that inspects the conditions of outer surfaces. The defect detection system is an enhanced feature extraction method that employs this technique to inspect the flatness, waviness, blob, and curvature faults of these surfaces. The proposed method has been performed, tested, and validated on numerous pipes and ceramic tiles. The results illustrate that the physical defects such as abnormal, popped-up blobs are recognized completely, and that flames, waviness, and curvature faults are detected simultaneously.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ceramics
  20. Fulltext Quantifying the legacy of the Chinese Neolithic on the maternal genetic heritage of Taiwan and Island Southeast Asia
    Brandão A, Eng KK, Rito T, Cavadas B, Bulbeck D, Gandini F, et al.
    Hum Genet, 2016 Apr;135(4):363-76.
    PMID: 26875094 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1640-3
    There has been a long-standing debate concerning the extent to which the spread of Neolithic ceramics and Malay-Polynesian languages in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) were coupled to an agriculturally driven demic dispersal out of Taiwan 4000 years ago (4 ka). We previously addressed this question using founder analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences to identify major lineage clusters most likely to have dispersed from Taiwan into ISEA, proposing that the dispersal had a relatively minor impact on the extant genetic structure of ISEA, and that the role of agriculture in the expansion of the Austronesian languages was therefore likely to have been correspondingly minor. Here we test these conclusions by sequencing whole mtDNAs from across Taiwan and ISEA, using their higher chronological precision to resolve the overall proportion that participated in the "out-of-Taiwan" mid-Holocene dispersal as opposed to earlier, postglacial expansions in the Early Holocene. We show that, in total, about 20 % of mtDNA lineages in the modern ISEA pool result from the "out-of-Taiwan" dispersal, with most of the remainder signifying earlier processes, mainly due to sea-level rises after the Last Glacial Maximum. Notably, we show that every one of these founder clusters previously entered Taiwan from China, 6-7 ka, where rice-farming originated, and remained distinct from the indigenous Taiwanese population until after the subsequent dispersal into ISEA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ceramics
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