Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 353 in total

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  1. Fulltext The prevalence of depression among elderly warded in a tertiary care centre in Wilayah Persekutuan
    Mohd Sidik S, Rampal L, Hanim MA, Thong PL
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Mar;61(1):15-21.
    PMID: 16708729
    Depression is characterized by symptoms like disturbance in behavior, cognition and mood. This is commonly known to affect people aged 60 years and above especially those who are also afflicted with illnesses. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among the elderly in a tertiary care centre in Wilayah Persekutuan. A cross sectional study design was done. Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select the respondents. All elderly patients were selected from the orthopaedic, surgical, gynaecology and medical wards in a government hospital in Wilayah Persekutuan. A 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale questionnaire was used as a screening instrument. Out of the 246 elderly subjects, 198 were interviewed giving a response rate of 80.5%. The results showed that 54% of the elderly respondents were found to have depressive symptoms. Age (p=0.022), sex (p=0.008), ethnicity (p=0.022) and functional disabilities in bathing (p=0.001), grooming (p=0.007), dressing (p= 0.007), using the toilet (p=0.002), transferring from bed to chair and back (p=0.000), mobility (p=0.000) and climbing stairs (p=0.000) were all found to be significantly associated with depression among the elderly respondents. The outcome of this study will have an important impact on the implementation of the health policy for the elderly patients admitted to hospitals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder/diagnosis; Depressive Disorder/epidemiology*
  2. Fulltext Depressive illness--the need for a paradigm shift in its understanding and management
    Deva MP
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Mar;61(1):4-6.
    PMID: 16708727
    Depression as a symptom and a disease has been recognized from antiquity. While numerous references to melancholia, illnesses of the heart broken, and delusions of guilt are found in Shakespearean literature, world literature, stories, and dramas the world over, yet the development of modern western medicine has by and large tended to ignore all things psychological in the process of disease recognition and understanding. Even the face of a depressed patient, so obvious to the initiated, is a rarely taught and recognized sign of ill health by non- psychiatrists. The long association of psychiatry with severe psychoses in the minds of medical teachers has dulled the sense of astuteness in the picking up of anxiety and depression. It has also dulled the medical profession into the delusion that mental illnesses do not occur in general hospitals. Thus the fairly large number of mental problems in every day clinical practice remains an area of darkness. In practice, the pick up rate of all mental illnesses in primary care remains very low at less than 5% of all mental illnesses while studies show that about 25% of all primary care patients have significant mental problems that necessitate their attendance in the primary care clinics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder/diagnosis*; Depressive Disorder/therapy*
  3. A comparative study of sertraline dosages, plasma concentrations, efficacy and adverse reactions in Chinese versus Caucasian patients
    Hong Ng C, Norman TR, Naing KO, Schweitzer I, Kong Wai Ho B, Fan A, et al.
    Int Clin Psychopharmacol, 2006 Mar;21(2):87-92.
    PMID: 16421459
    This prospective 6-week study examined the differences in dosage and steady state plasma concentrations of sertraline in Chinese versus Caucasian depressed patients. Two groups of Chinese patients from different geographical sites and a group of Caucasian patients were evaluated with clinical measures during an initial dose of 50 mg/day, with subsequent doses adjusted clinically. The results of 17 Australian Chinese (ACHI), 13 Malaysian Chinese (MCHI) and 15 Australian Caucasians (AC) were analysed. Despite controlling for weight, the AC subjects received a significantly higher dose than both the ACHI (P = 0.002) and the MCHI groups (P = 0.012). However, the mean sertraline concentration to dose ratios at weeks 1 and 6 were not significantly different between the three groups. Sertraline was effective and well tolerated in both ethnic groups with few adverse events. Although there was a lack of difference between groups in the pharmacokinetic results, Chinese depressed patients appeared to require lower dosages with consequently lower plasma concentrations of sertraline compared to Caucasian patients to achieve clinical efficacy. Further studies of the dosages, kinetics and adverse effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors linked with genotyping are necessary.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder/drug therapy; Depressive Disorder/ethnology
  4. Fulltext Emotional incontinence--the other poststroke phenomenon
    Bharathi V, Lee FS
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Oct;61(4):490-2.
    PMID: 17243530
    Emotional incontinence is a disorder of emotional control following brain damage. It refers to the heightened tendency to cry or less commonly laugh, out of proportion to the underlying mood. Recognition of this phenomenon is often lacking as it is confused with other related sequelae of brain damage such as depression. This is a case report of an elderly female exhibiting poststroke emotional incontinence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy; Depressive Disorder, Major/etiology*
  5. Melatonin in mood disorders
    Srinivasan V, Smits M, Spence W, Lowe AD, Kayumov L, Pandi-Perumal SR, et al.
    World J. Biol. Psychiatry, 2006;7(3):138-51.
    PMID: 16861139
    The cyclic nature of depressive illness, the diurnal variations in its symptomatology and the existence of disturbed sleep-wake and core body temperature rhythms, all suggest that dysfunction of the circadian time keeping system may underlie the pathophysiology of depression. As a rhythm-regulating factor, the study of melatonin in various depressive illnesses has gained attention. Melatonin can be both a 'state marker' and a 'trait marker' of mood disorders. Measurement of melatonin either in saliva or plasma, or of its main metabolite 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in urine, have documented significant alterations in melatonin secretion in depressive patients during the acute phase of illness. Not only the levels but also the timing of melatonin secretion is altered in bipolar affective disorder and in patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD). A phase delay of melatonin secretion takes place in SAD, as well as changes in the onset, duration and offset of melatonin secretion. Bright light treatment, that suppresses melatonin production, is effective in treating bipolar affective disorder and SAD, winter type. This review discusses the role of melatonin in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and SAD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis; Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy; Depressive Disorder, Major/physiopathology; Depressive Disorder/diagnosis; Depressive Disorder/drug therapy; Depressive Disorder/physiopathology*
  6. Fulltext Prevalence and associated factors of stress in dental healthcare workers of a higher institution of learning in Kelantan
    Rusli, B.N., Edimansyah, B.A., Naing, L.
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2006;1(1):51-56.
    MyJurnal
    Several studies on job stress have been conducted among nurses, teachers, clerks, lecturers, laboratory technicians, petroleum and automotive workers and the calculated prevalences ranged from 20-35%; associated factors identified include high job demand, low job control and poor social support. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of stress in dental healthcare workers of an institution of higher learning in Kelantan. A cross-sectional study of the prevalence and associated factors of stress in 54 dental healthcare workers of an institution of higher learning in Kelantan [response rate of 63.5 percent] was conducted in March 2006. The Malay version of the validated Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and Karasek’s Job Content Questionnaire were used as research instruments in this study. Informed consents were obtained from all participants. The prevalence of stress was 22.2%. One (1.9%) staff member experienced severe stress whilst 20.4% experienced mild to moderate stress. After controlling for age, sex, marital status and duration of work, psychological job demand (adj. b 0.61, 95% CI 0.21, 1.00, p=0.003), toxic exposures (adj. b 1.41, 95% CI 0.47, 2.35, p=0.004) and overtime work (adj. b 5.67, 95% CI - 1.18, 10.16, p=0.015) were directly associated with reported stress in dental healthcare workers. High psychological job demand, increased toxic exposures at work and increased overtime work were significantly associated with stress in dental healthcare workers. These findings can be used to guide preventive measures to reduce stress in dental healthcare settings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder
  7. Fulltext The prevalence of cognitive impairment and depression and their associated factors in an elderly population in two villages in Kedah.
    A Rashid, K., Narayan, K.A., Azizah, A.M.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2006;6(1):29-37.
    MyJurnal
    The population of the world is ageing and Malaysia is no exception. The proportion of those above 60 will be 9.5% by the year 2020. Cognitive impairment and depression are two common problems in this age group. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and depression and their associated factors in the elderly population in a rural community in Kedah. The study design was descriptive cross sectional study. A standardized questionnaire was used in two villages in Mukim Kota Kuala Muda. Barthels index, geriatric depression scale and elderly cognitive assessment questionnaire were also used. The prevalence rate of cognitive impairment was 18.5%. Cognitive impairment was higher among females (22.6%) than males (12.8%). 34.8% of the widowed were cognitively impaired and it increases with age 15.1% within age groups 60 to 69 years, 42.9% in age groups 80 to 89 years and the one and only participant above 90 years was cognitively impaired. Among those with disability, the only one with very severe disability had cognitive impairment, 40% among the severely disabled and 33. 3% among the moderately disabled (p<0.05). Those with cognitive impairment were living with some functional disabilities involving feeding (p<0.05), bathing (p<0.05), grooming (p<0.05), dressing (p<0.05), bladder control (p<0.05), toilet use (p<0.05), transfer from bed to chair (p<0.05), mobility on level surfaces (p<0.05) and climbing stairs (p<0.05). The prevalence of depression was found to be 46.4%. Higher among males (48.4%) as compared to females (44.7%). Depression was 50.0% among the age groups 80 to 89 and 52.4% among the age groups 70 to 79. 63.6% of those living alone were depressed as were 54.8% of the unemployed. 43.8% of those depressed had functional disability. The only one with severe disability was depressed and 66. 7% of those with severe disability were depressed. 47.5% of those with hypertension were depressed. It is a matter of concern that even in a small population the rate of cognitive impairment and mental depression is very high. Health screening is an important aspect of health promotion and disease prevention in people over 60 years. Although screening for many conditions cannot conclusively prove benefit, special attention to these factors can decrease morbidity and improve quality of life in aging population.
    Key words: elderly, cognitive impairment, depression, rural community, Malaysia
    Study site: Two villages in Mukim Kota Kuala Muda, Kuala Muda District, Kedah, Malaysia
    Device, Questionnaire & Scale: Barthels index; Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30); Elderly Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder
  8. Fulltext A Comparison of Insight in Schizophrenia, Bipolar Affective Disorder with Psychosis and Major Depressive Disorder with Psychosis
    Sharmilla, K., Ahmad, H.S.
    Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2006;14(1):35-40.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: The objective of the study is to compare insight in Schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder with psychosis and major depressive disorder with psychosis. Also to ascertain if impaired insight is associated with poorer psychosocial function. Method: 90 consecutively'admitted patients who were diagnosed with Schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder with psychosis and major depressive disorder with psychosis were administered the scale to assess unawareness to mental illness to measure insight, the global assessment of function to measure psychosocial function and the brief psychiatric rating scale to measure psychosis.

    Results: Schizophrenia was found to be associated wit h the poorest insight compared to the affective disorders. Major depression with psychosis was found to be associated with better insight than bipolar affective disorder. Results being significant in both cases. Also it was noted that there was a negative correlation between insight and psychosocial function.

    Conclusion: We can conclude that Schizophrenics have the poorest insight followed by bipolar affective disorder with psychosis and then major depressive disorder with psychosis. We also infer that Schizophrenics have the poorest psychosocial function followed by bipolar affective disorder with psychosis and then major depressive disorder patients with psychosis. Also impaired insight is associated with impaired function.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major
  9. Fulltext The coexistence of anxiety and depressive personality traits in migraine
    Tan HJ, Suganthi C, Dhachayani S, Rizal AM, Raymond AA
    Singapore Med J, 2007 Apr;48(4):307-10.
    PMID: 17384877
    Migraine is associated with a variety of personality traits. The objective of this study was to reevaluate the personality traits using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) in migraine patients diagnosed by applying the new International Classification of Headache Disorders-2 criteria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder/complications*
  10. Mirtazapine for anorexia nervosa with depression
    Jaafar NR, Daud TI, Rahman FN, Baharudin A
    Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 2007 Sep;41(9):768-9.
    PMID: 17687663
    To report the use of Mirtazapine in the treatment of anorexia nervosa with depression primarily regarding its propensity for weight gain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy*
  11. Fulltext Depression in primary care, Part 1: Screening and diagnosis
    Zainab AM, Pereira XV
    Malays Fam Physician, 2007;2(3):95-101.
    PMID: 25606093 MyJurnal
    One of the commonest psychological problems that a clinician would encounter in primary care is depression. The prevalence of depression is high in women, the elderly and those with underlying physical problems or during the postpartum period. The spectrum of clinical presentations is wide and somatic complaints are more common in primary care clinics. Depression may present as a primary disorder and co-morbidity with other psychological problems or physical illnesses is high. A good clinical interview is an important form of assessment and a quick screening of depression can be done with the administration of proper rating scales, such as the Patient Health Questionnaire, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale or Geriatric Depression Scale. Repeated use of the same scale in a patient would help the clinician to monitor the progress objectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder
  12. Fulltext Translation, validation and psychometric properties of Bahasa Malaysia version of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS)
    Ramli Musa, Mohd Ariff Fadzil, Zaini Zain
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2007;8(2):82-89.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Up to date, there are handful questionnaires that have been validated in Bahasa Malaysia (BM). This study aimed to translate the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21-item (DASS-21) and measure its psychometric properties. Objectives: To determine the construct validity and acceptability of the DASS, BM. Methods: Two forward and backward translations were done in BM in accordance to guideline, and its validation was determined by using confirmatory factor analysis. A total of 263 subjects were selected by systematic random sampling to represent Malaysian population for reliability and validity purposes. Results: The BM DASS-21 had very good Cronbach’s alpha values of .84, .74 and .79, respectively, for depression, anxiety and stress. In addition, it had good factor loading values for most items (.39 to .73). Correlations among scales were between .54 and .68. Conclusions: BM DASS-21 is correctly and adequately translated to Bahasa Malaysia with high psychometric properties. Further studies are required to support these findings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder
  13. Fulltext Anxiety and Depression among Patients Before and After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) at National Heart Institute (NHI)
    Ho, Siew Eng, Syed Zulkifli Syed, Lexshimi RG, Raja, Hamidah Hassan, Letchmi, Santhna, Teoh, Koi Hong, et al.
    Medicine & Health, 2007;2(1):26-33.
    MyJurnal
    Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an invasive diagnostic investigation that may result in high level of anxiety and “fear of the unknown” among cardiac patients. An increment in anxiety among PCI patients will augment the level of stress and this extreme stress level will then aggravate depression. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of anxiety and depression before and after PCI. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used. It measured two elements, namely, the anxiety and depression levels of patients before and after PCI. This study was conducted in the cardiology wards Anggerik and Dahlia, and Day Care of the National Heart Institute, from January to February 2006.  A sample of 61 patients before and after PCI who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited in this study. Of these, 40 and 38 patients before and after PCI respectively, had low anxiety levels; while, 47 and 46 patients before and after PCI respectively, had low depression levels. Anxiety and depression levels before and after PCI were not significantly correlated to socio demographic status. However, a significant correlation (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder
  14. Fulltext A study on anxiety and depression level among high risk inpatient pregnant women in an obstetric ward
    Raja Lexshimi RG, Ho SE, Hamidah H, Rohani M, Syed Zulkifli SZ
    Medicine & Health, 2007;2(1):34-41.
    MyJurnal
    Pregnancy is perceived by many pregnant mothers as a period of happiness in anticipation of motherhood. Not all pregnant mothers experience cheerfulness as some may experience a high anxiety and depression level for unknown reasons. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of anxiety and depression among high risk pregnant women and the factors that contribute to their level of anxiety and depression. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 38 high risk mothers whose stay in hospital exceeded more than three days in the obstetric ward of Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. A self assessment questionnaire “Hospital Anxiety Depression scale” was used to measure the level of anxiety and depression among high risk pregnant women. Of the 38 participants, 16 (42.1%) women experienced a mild level of anxiety and 22 (57.9%) experienced a severe level of anxiety. Seventeen (44.7%) women was classified as having mild depression and 21 (55.3%) severe depression. The factors contributing to the level of anxiety and depression, include those related with “lack of information on disease”, “family matters” and “finance”. High risk pregnant women in this study experienced a significant level of anxiety and depression during their stay in hospital. It is therefore important for nurses and doctors to be aware and sensitive to the influencing factors that cause anxiety and depression as to enable high risk pregnant mothers to enjoy their pregnancy and childbirth.
    Study site: Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major
  15. Fulltext Night Eating Syndrome with Morbid Obesity and Dysthymia A Case Report - A Psychobiological Approach
    Anisah, O., Osman, C.B.
    Medicine & Health, 2007;2(2):154-157.
    MyJurnal
    The traditional physical and cosmetic-centered model without paying serious attention on the underlying psychosocial issues of care are ill suited to successful treatment outcome of obesity. The objective of this article is to report a case of a retired Malay army sergeant who presented with night eating syndrome (NES) with morbid obesity and dysthymia, and to discuss the psychobiological aspect of the case including to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination treatment of pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavior therapy along with diet counseling. The diagnosis was made by using the Structured Clinical Interview Diagnosis (SCID) for DSM-III-R diagnosis and the severity of depression was assessed by Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale. The patient’s body mass index was 45, He was found to have dysthymia and the Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale score was 13. We found that the combination of pharmacotherapy, cognitive behavior therapy and nutritional education with the help of the physician proved to be effective in treating morbid obesity with NES and Dysthymia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder
  16. Fulltext Depression and functional level in schizophrenia: a comparison between chronic hospitalised in-patients and community care patients
    Tan, John J.T., Nor Zuraida, Z., Mohamad Omer, H., Gill, Jesjeet Singh, Lau, Kelvin H.K.
    JUMMEC, 2007;10(2):31-36.
    MyJurnal
    Recent innovations in the treatment of schizophrenia reflect a growing trend towards community-based care. Malaysia had in the past few years attempted to deinstitutionalise mental patients in the mental hospitals. Therefore it is important to conduct research to compare the two groups of schizophrenia patients (community-based patients against chronic hospitalised patients) to ascertain if deinstitutionalisation has been beneficial. The main objective of the study was to compare levels of depression and function in community-based patients against chronic hospitalised patients as depression is prevalent among schizophrenia patients. This study was cross sectional in nature where data was collected from 51 inpatients in Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta (HBUK) and 23 community-based patients. Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) and Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF) were the assessment tools used. Community-based patients were found to have significantly lower scores in the CDSS scale (1.96) as compared to chronic hospitalised patients (4.04); p < 0.01). They also showed higher functional capability between community-based and hospitalised patients respectively (74.04 vs 57.92) respectively. (p < 0.001). Community services appeared to be more effective than long stay in-patient services in preventing depression and promoting better functional levels.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder
  17. Fulltext Reliability and construct validity of the malay version of the depression anxiety stress scales (dass) in automotive assembly workers in Malaysia
    Edimansyah, B.A., Rusli, B.N., Naing, L.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2007;7(1):25-30.
    MyJurnal
    To examine the reliability and construct validity of the Malay Version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), a validation study was conducted in 184 automotive assembly workers. The internal consistency and construct validity were assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient
    and exploratory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for DASS-Depression, DASS-Anxiety and DASS-Stress were 0.91, 0.88 and j 0.89, respectively, indicating satisfactory internal consistency Exploratory factor analysis showed three meaningful common factors that could
    explain the three theoretical constructs of this instrument. These results suggested that the Malay version DASS is reliable and valid for assessing, the self perceived depression, anxiety and stress among Malaysian automotive workers.
    Study site: Two automotive assembly plants, Pahang, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder
  18. Fulltext Working conditions, self-perceived stress, anxiety, depression and quality of life: a structural equation modelling approach
    Rusli BN, Edimansyah BA, Naing L
    BMC Public Health, 2008 Feb 06;8:48.
    PMID: 18254966 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-48
    BACKGROUND: The relationships between working conditions [job demand, job control and social support]; stress, anxiety, and depression; and perceived quality of life factors [physical health, psychological wellbeing, social relationships and environmental conditions] were assessed using a sample of 698 male automotive assembly workers in Malaysia.

    METHODS: The validated Malay version of the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) were used. A structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis was applied to test the structural relationships of the model using AMOS version 6.0, with the maximum likelihood ratio as the method of estimation.

    RESULTS: The results of the SEM supported the hypothesized structural model (chi2 = 22.801, df = 19, p = 0.246). The final model shows that social support (JCQ) was directly related to all 4 factors of the WHOQOL-BREF and inversely related to depression and stress (DASS). Job demand (JCQ) was directly related to stress (DASS) and inversely related to the environmental conditions (WHOQOL-BREF). Job control (JCQ) was directly related to social relationships (WHOQOL-BREF). Stress (DASS) was directly related to anxiety and depression (DASS) and inversely related to physical health, environment conditions and social relationships (WHOQOL-BREF). Anxiety (DASS) was directly related to depression (DASS) and inversely related to physical health (WHOQOL-BREF). Depression (DASS) was inversely related to the psychological wellbeing (WHOQOL-BREF). Finally, stress, anxiety and depression (DASS) mediate the relationships between job demand and social support (JCQ) to the 4 factors of WHOQOL-BREF.

    CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that higher social support increases the self-reported quality of life of these workers. Higher job control increases the social relationships, whilst higher job demand increases the self-perceived stress and decreases the self-perceived quality of life related to environmental factors. The mediating role of depression, anxiety and stress on the relationship between working conditions and perceived quality of life in automotive workers should be taken into account in managing stress amongst these workers.

    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder/epidemiology*
  19. Erectile dysfunction and comorbidities in aging men: an urban cross-sectional study in Malaysia
    Khoo EM, Tan HM, Low WY
    J Sex Med, 2008 Dec;5(12):2925-34.
    PMID: 18761590 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00988.x
    INTRODUCTION: Erectile dysfunction (ED), lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), cardiovascular disease (CVD), depression, and androgen deficiency are common conditions affecting aging men over 50 years. However, data were limited in developing countries.
    AIMS: To investigate the prevalence of ED, LUTS, chronic diseases, depression, androgen deficiency symptoms, and lifestyle of aging men in Malaysia, and to examine their associations with sociodemographic factors.
    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ED, LUTS, chronic diseases, depression, positive Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male (ADAM) questionnaire
    METHODS: A randomized survey of 351 men using structured questionnaires consisting of self-reported medical conditions, International Index for Erectile Function-5, International Prostate Symptom Score, Geriatric Depression Scale-15, and St Louis University questionnaire for ADAM. Blood samples were taken for glucose, lipid, prostate specific antigen (PSA), and hormones.
    RESULTS: Mean age was 58+/-7 years. Prevalence of ED was 70.1% (mild ED 32.8%, mild to moderate ED 17.7%, moderate ED 5.1%, and severe ED 14.5%). There were 29% of men with moderate and severe LUTS; 11.1% had severe depression; 25.4% scored positive on ADAM questionnaire; 30.2% self-reported hypertension, 21.4% self-reported diabetes mellitus; 10.8% self-reported coronary artery disease; 19.1% were smokers; and 34% consumed alcohol. There were 78.6% of men that are overweight and obese; 28.8% had a fasting blood sugar (FBS) >or=6.1 mmol/L, 70.1% had total cholesterol >5.2 mmol/L, 19.1% had total testosterone >or=11.0 nmoL/L, 14.0% had calculated free testosterone <0.0225 nmoL/dL; 4% had PSA >4 microg/L; 9.4% had insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level below age specific range, 5.1% had abnormal sex hormone binding globulin (<15 nmoL/L and >70 nmol/L). ED was found to be significantly associated with LUTS, depression (P<0.001 respectively). Similarly, LUTS was significantly associated with depression and ADAM questionnaire status (P<0.001 respectively); and ADAM questionnaire status was also significantly associated with depression (P<0.001).
    CONCLUSION: ED, LUTS, depression, and androgen deficiency symptoms are common in urban aging men. As these conditions are possibly interrelated, strategies for early disease prevention and detection are warranted when one disease presents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder/epidemiology
  20. The report of posttraumatic growth in Malaysian cancer patients: relationships with psychological distress and coping strategies
    Schroevers MJ, Teo I
    Psychooncology, 2008 Dec;17(12):1239-46.
    PMID: 18457342 DOI: 10.1002/pon.1366
    The challenge of a cancer diagnosis may eventually lead to the experience of positive psychological changes, also referred to as posttraumatic growth. As most research on posttraumatic growth in cancer patients has been conducted in Western countries, little is known about the experience of such positive psychological changes in non-Western countries. Therefore, the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the prevalence of posttraumatic growth in a Malaysian sample of cancer patients. Secondly, we examined the association of posttraumatic growth with patients' report of psychological distress and their use of coping strategies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder/diagnosis; Depressive Disorder/epidemiology*; Depressive Disorder/psychology*
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