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A new case of zoonotic onchocercosis in northern Kyushu, Japan

Fukuda M, Uni S, Otsuka Y, Eshita Y, Nakatani J, Ihara K, et al.

Parasitol Int, 2015 Dec;64(6):519-21.
PMID: 26209456 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.07.006

A case of zoonotic onchocercosis has been found in a resident who lived in Iizuka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan for some time. A 24-year-old male developed a painful nodule on the middle finger of his right hand. The nodule was surgically removed from the vagina fibrosa tendinis of the finger at Beppu Medical Center, Beppu City, Oita Prefecture in 2012. The causative agent was identified as a female Onchocerca dewittei japonica based on its histopathological characteristics. The identity of the filarioid has been confirmed by sequencing the cox1 gene. The present study indicates that the zoonotic onchocercosis caused by O. dewittei japonica has been concentrated in northeast Kyushu.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers
Fulltext Facial Candling for the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis in Young Adults: A Qualitative Study

Ismail NFF, Neoh CF, Lean QY, Abdullah AH, Lim SM, Ramasamy K, et al.

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2018 12 21;10(4):199-207.
PMID: 30568377 DOI: 10.4103/JPBS.JPBS_33_18

Aims: Facial candling is one of the traditional treatments that is claimed to be able to help in curing or reducing various allergy and inflammation conditions such as allergic rhinitis. We aimed to explore the perceptions of participants with allergic rhinitis toward their disease conditions and facial candling treatment.
Materials and Methods: The study used a qualitative exploratory design, comprising 12 in-depth interviews. A semi-structured topic guide was used to explore all relevant aspects of the topic, which were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim. All the interviews were conducted in a few beauty salons in purposively selected city areas in the state of Kedah, Malaysia.
Results: Of the 12 patients, seven (58%) reported a positive experience of facial candling treatment, with improvement in the condition of their allergic rhinitis. Specific themes about the experience of facial candling treatment that were identified within the transcript data included knowledge about facial candling, options for disease treatment, effectiveness of facial candling, sources of information, comparison, application of treatment, treatment budget, and safety. The major strength lies in the fact that reasons for using facial candling were uncovered from the perspectives of people with allergic rhinitis through the in-depth interviews.
Conclusions: The motives of these participants for using facial candling are mainly due to cultural influence and its low cost of treatment. There were mixed responses from the participants about the usefulness of facial candling. Most of the respondents had not assessed the safety of prolonged use of facial candling and regarded it as a safe procedure as this has been practiced for generations.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers
Fulltext 3D Printed Robot Hand Structure Using Four-Bar Linkage Mechanism for Prosthetic Application

Abdul Wahit MA, Ahmad SA, Marhaban MH, Wada C, Izhar LI

Sensors (Basel), 2020 Jul 27;20(15).
PMID: 32727150 DOI: 10.3390/s20154174

Trans-radial prosthesis is a wearable device that intends to help amputees under the elbow to replace the function of the missing anatomical segment that resembles an actual human hand. However, there are some challenging aspects faced mainly on the robot hand structural design itself. Improvements are needed as this is closely related to structure efficiency. This paper proposes a robot hand structure with improved features (four-bar linkage mechanism) to overcome the deficiency of using the cable-driven actuated mechanism that leads to less structure durability and inaccurate motion range. Our proposed robot hand structure also took into account the existing design problems such as bulky structure, unindividual actuated finger, incomplete fingers and a lack of finger joints compared to the actual finger in its design. This paper presents the improvements achieved by applying the proposed design such as the use of a four-bar linkage mechanism instead of using the cable-driven mechanism, the size of an average human hand, five-fingers with completed joints where each finger is moved by motor individually, joint protection using a mechanical stopper, detachable finger structure from the palm frame, a structure that has sufficient durability for everyday use and an easy to fabricate structure using 3D printing technology. The four-bar linkage mechanism is the use of the solid linkage that connects the actuator with the structure to allow the structure to move. The durability was investigated using static analysis simulation. The structural details and simulation results were validated through motion capture analysis and load test. The motion analyses towards the 3D printed robot structure show 70-98% similar motion range capability to the designed structure in the CAD software, and it can withstand up to 1.6 kg load in the simulation and the real test. The improved robot hand structure with optimum durability for prosthetic uses was successfully developed.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers
Fulltext Fungistatic effect of hydroxychloroquine, lessons from a case

Keshavarzi F

Med Mycol Case Rep, 2016 Sep;13:17-18.
PMID: 27709021

A 50-year-old male was prescribed with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) after osteoarthritis was diagnosed. He had an old nail infection of Aspergillus niger. A remarkable improvement of the symptoms of fungal nail infection was seen after about four weeks of treatment with HCQ. It was very hard to detect the symptoms in the end of the second month of the treatment, both in the finger and toe nails. The symptoms were clearly recurred after HCQ was discontinued.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers
Fulltext The Onset Time of the Ownership Sensation in the Moving Rubber Hand Illusion

Kalckert A, Ehrsson HH

Front Psychol, 2017;8:344.
PMID: 28344566 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00344

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a perceptual illusion whereby a model hand is perceived as part of one's own body. This illusion has been extensively studied, but little is known about the temporal evolution of this perceptual phenomenon, i.e., how long it takes until participants start to experience ownership over the model hand. In the present study, we investigated a version of the rubber hand experiment based on finger movements and measured the average onset time in active and passive movement conditions. This comparison enabled us to further explore the possible role of intentions and motor control processes that are only present in the active movement condition. The results from a large group of healthy participants (n = 117) showed that the illusion of ownership took approximately 23 s to emerge (active: 22.8; passive: 23.2). The 90th percentile occurs in both conditions within approximately 50 s (active: 50; passive: 50.6); therefore, most participants experience the illusion within the first minute. We found indirect evidence of a facilitatory effect of active movements compared to passive movements, and we discuss these results in the context of our current understanding of the processes underlying the moving RHI.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers
Fulltext Ganglion of the Flexor Tendon Sheath at the A2 Pulley - Case Report

Gunaseelan P, Jeremy P, Chua CK, Rashdeen F

Malays Orthop J, 2015 Mar;9(1):28-29.
PMID: 28435592 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1503.002

There are few reported cases of flexor tendon sheath ganglion arising from the A2 pulley. We report a case of a flexor tendon sheath ganglion in a 17-year old female who presented with pain, triggering and a swelling at the base of her right ring finger. During the excision biopsy, a ganglion measuring 0.5×0.8×0.4 cm in size was removed from the A2 pulley area.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers
Fulltext Functional specialisation and effective connectivity in cerebral motor cortices: an fMRI study on seven right handed female subjects

Ahmad Nazlim Yusoff, Mazlyfarina Mohamad, Aini Ismafairus Abd Hamid, Wan Ahmad Kamil Wan Abdullah, Mohd Harith Hashim, Nurul Zafirah Zulkifli

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2010;6(2):71-92.
MyJurnal

Objective: This study investigates functional specialisation in, and effective connectivity between the
precentral gyrus (PCG) and supplementary motor area (SMA) in seven right handed female subjects.
Methods: Unimanual (UNIright and UNIleft) and bimanual (BIM) self-paced tapping of hand fingers were
performed by the subjects to activate PCG and SMA. Brain activations and effective connectivity were
analysed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM), dynamic causal modeling (DCM) and Bayesian
model selection (BMS) and were reported based on group fixed (FFX) and random (RFX) effects
analyses. Results: Group results showed that the observed brain activation for UNIright and UNIleft fulfill contralateral behavior of motor coordination with a larger activation area for UNIright. The activation for BIM occurs in both hemispheres with BIMright showing higher extent of activation as compared to BIMleft. Region of interest (ROI) analyses reveal that the number of activated voxel (NOV) and percentage of signal change (PSC) on average is higher in PCG than SMA for all tapping conditions. However, comparing between hemispheres for both UNI and BIM, higher PSC is observed in the right PCG and the left SMA. DCM and BMS results indicate that most subjects prefer PCG as the intrinsic input for UNIright and UNIleft. The input was later found to be bi-directionally connected to SMA for UNIright. The bi-directional model was then used for BIM in the left and right hemispheres. The model was in favour of six out of seven subjects. DCM results for BIM indicate the existence of interhemispheric connectivity between the right and left hemisphere PCG. Conclusion: The findings strongly support the existence of functional specialisation and integration i.e. effective connectivity in human brain during finger tapping and can be used as baselines in determining the probable motor coordination pathways and their connection strength in a population of subjects.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers
A Rare Case of Posterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy Post-venepuncture

Yeak RDK, Yap YY, Nasir NM

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 2021 Nov;31(11):1357-1358.
PMID: 34689498 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2021.11.1357

Wrist drop post-venepuncture is uncommon. There has been reported cases of direct injury to the radial nerve during venepuncture but to our knowledge, there has never been a case of posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) injury. A 34-year female, right hand dominant homemaker, with a newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, was admitted for diabetic ketoacidosis. There was difficult access with multiple attempts in her blood taking over the antebrachial fossa and forearm. Thereafter, she was unable to fully extend her wrist, fingers and thumb with an intact sensation. The electrophysiological study was suggestive of demyelinating right radial neuropathy at the elbow. Despite the transient blood taking session, patient developed neuropraxia, which only resolved after four months. We wish to report this case of unusual presentation of a PIN palsy post- routine venepuncture, which can result in high morbidity to a patient. Key Words: Posterior interosseous nerve syndrome, venepuncture, neuropraxia, wrist drop.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers
Fulltext Separate Belly and Tendon of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis to the Fifth Digit

Rao M, Ashwini LS, Somayaji SN, Mishra S, Guru A, Rao A

Oman Med J, 2011 Nov;26(6):e027.
PMID: 28861181 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2011.120

Variation in the origin of long flexor tendons in the anterior compartment of forearm is common. During routine cadaveric dissection at Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), we observed a separate muscle belly and tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) to the fifth digit in the right upper limb of a 60 year-old male cadaver. The anomalous muscle belly originated from the common flexor tendon from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and continued as a thin tendon at the middle of the forearm to get inserted into the middle phalanx of the fifth digit. This can be considered as a case of split flexor digitorum superficialis. Such muscle variations and knowledge of their frequency, appearance, and location can be helpful for surgeons.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers
Fulltext New clinical sign of cervical myelopathy: Wazir hand myelopathy sign

Wazir NN, Kareem BA

Singapore Med J, 2011 Jan;52(1):47-9.
PMID: 21298241

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) represents a spectrum of pathologies with progressive compression of the spinal cord. The clinical signs and symptoms play a key role in diagnosis. The characteristic hand myelopathy signs are of significant clinical importance. The aim of this descriptive study was to report a relatively easy to elicit new hand myelopathy sign. The basis for this is finger and wrist flexor disinhibition, which is used for the spinal specificity of cord compression at or above the C5/6 level.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers/pathology; Fingers/physiopathology
Fulltext Finger clubbing: do we require digital index quantitator?

Djojodibroto RD, Thomas PT, Kana KT, Hla M

Med J Malaysia, 2014 Apr;69(2):60-3.
PMID: 25241813 MyJurnal

Some diseases may underlie finger clubbing. However, there is a dearth of information about early stage of finger clubbing because only few researchers have shown interest in it. We determined the Digital Index of normal, healthy subjects by using thread and manual Vernier calipers, the time used for the procedure, and its interrater reliability. The value of Digital Index was 8.86 ± 0.29 (Mean ± SD) with a range of 8.15 to 9.41. Interrater reliability was excellent with Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.966. Overall, the time taken to measure the Digital Index ranged from 21.93 to 68.80 minutes with an average of 35.97 ± 9.16 (Mean ± SD). Determining Digital Index need much time, but this can be overcome if we use Digital Index Quantitator (DIQ). Availability of DIQ in the hospital wards will be of much benefit. DIQ can also be used to accurately quantify the progression or regression of the clubbing process. This article proves that we need morphometry of digital clubbing as well as the correlation of the physical sign of clubbing with Digital Index.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers
Fulltext Cavernous lymphangioma of the digits: a rare cause of macrodactyly

Leong, J.F., Levin, K.B., Rajkumar V., Abdullah, S., Jamari, S.

Medicine & Health, 2019;14(2):261-265.
MyJurnal

Cavernous lymphangioma is a congenital malformation of lymphatic system causing dilated lymphatic sinuses that involve the skin and subcutaneous tissues. This was an interesting case of dystrophic macrodactyly of the left ring and little finger in a 18-month-old girl who presented with swollen and sausage like fingers deformity which turned out to be an isolated cavernous lymphangioma. This tumor, although rare to occur in the extremeties, must be differentiated from other congenital vascular lesions of the hand that include arteriovenous malformations and hemangiomas. Diagnosis should be solely based on histopathological analysis of the excised tissue mass. Surgical excision is usually necessary for satisfactory functional and cosmetic outcome

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers
Fulltext Phalangeal Osteosarcoma Mistaken for Tuberculosis: A Case Report

Mohd-Ariff MA, Ali-Noor I, Paul AG, Abdullah S

Malays Orthop J, 2015 Mar;9(1):38-40.
PMID: 28435596 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1503.011

We report a 21-year old female patient who presented with an 18-month history of a swelling in the distal phalanx of her right little finger. Although the history, clinical features and MRI were suggestive of a benign tumour or a tuberculous lesion, the histo-pathological examination of the swelling was reported as a conventional osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma of the hand is very rare. This article highlights the possibility of a seemingly benign lesion seen in a routine clinic could well turn out to be malignant, and the need to maintain a high index of suspicion.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers
Fulltext Functional specialisation and connectivity in cerebral motor cortices : a single subject study using fMRI and statistical parametric mapping

Ahmad Nazlim Yusoff, Mohd Harith Hashim, Mohd Mahadir Ayob, Iskandar Kassim, Nur Hartini Mohd Taib, Wan Ahmad Kamil Wan Abdullah

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2006;2(2):37-60.
MyJurnal

Objective: A baseline functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was carried out on a healthy right-handed male subject to attain further insights into the basic neuronal control mechanisms of bimanual and unimanual movements of hand fingers, an area that is still not fully understood. Methods : The study used the basic unimanual and bimanual movements of the left- and right-hand fingers to stimulate neuronal activity in the cerebral cortices. The subject was instructed to sequentially press his fingers either unimanually (UNI) or bimanually (BIM), against the thumb in a consistent alternative manner during the functional scans. The data were analysed using the MATLAB and SPM2 software packages. Results : Brain activations obtained via the F-test indicate a larger activation area as compared to that obtained from the T-test. The results showed that, the activated brain regions due to the self-paced finger movements are the precentral and postcentral gyrii covering the primary motor, premotor and somatosensory primer areas. The activestate signal intensity was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of the resting-state. For UNI, brain activation showed contra-laterality with a larger activation area and a higher signal intensity at the point of maximum intensity for the left-hand finger
movement (UNIleft) compared to the right-hand finger movement (UNIright). Small ipsilateral activations were observed during UNIright and UNIleft. For BIM, the activation was observed in both hemispheres with the right hemisphere showing a higher signal intensity and coverage. The results support the fact that for a right-handed person performing either UNI or BIM type of movement, the activated motor area on the right hemisphere of the brain (movement of the left hand fingers) experience a higher intensity and larger coverage of hemodynamic response compared to the left hemisphere of the brain (movement of the right hand fingers). Analyses performed on the activated regions of interest (ROI) by
comparing the unimanual and bimanual types of activations revealed that during BIM, there are voxels in the left hemisphere controlling the movement of the left hand fingers (BIMleft) and voxels in the right hemisphere controlling the movement of the right hand fingers (BIMright). The interactions observed in this study resemble the existence of interhemispheric connection between both hemispheres during BIM. Conclusion : Although this is a single subject study, the hemodynamic response and the neuronal control mechanism in the cerebral cortices based on the BOLD mechanism can be studied and evaluated using fMRI and SPM.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers
Fulltext Toe-tourniquet syndrome: A rare potentially devastating entity

Baloch N, Atif M, Rashid RH, Hashmi PM

Malays Orthop J, 2015 Nov;9(3):55-57.
PMID: 28611912 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1511.008

Toe-tourniquet syndrome is a rare and commonly misdiagnosed condition caused by a hair or a fiber wrapped around digits (fingers and toes). A four months baby girl who was crying and presented with redness and swelling at her 2nd and 3rd toes of right foot. Child had red and swollen 2nd and 3rd toes of right foot with hair end protruding through wounds. Constricting hairs were cut and removed. Toetourniquet syndrome is a rare entity which is caused by hair wrapped around a toe or a digit. Diagnosis is mostly clinical. In order to prevent this condition to happen, education of parents and clinicians is a cornerstone.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers
Fulltext Macrodactyly and poliosis in tuberous sclerosis complex

Sasongko TH, Ismail NF, Nik Mohd Ariff NA, Zabidi-Hussin ZA

Jpn J Clin Oncol, 2014 Nov;44(11):1130.
PMID: 25320338 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyu157
Matched MeSH terms: Fingers/abnormalities*
Fulltext Dynamic traction and passive mobilization for the rehabilitation of zone II flexor tendon injuries: a modified regime

Chai SC, Wong CW

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl C:59-65.
PMID: 16381286

This retrospective study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the modified regime for rehabilitation of Zone II flexor tendon injuries in Sibu Hospital. From January to December 2003, 8 patients with 15 injured digits were treated by using the combined method of dynamic traction and passive mobilization. According to Strickland's criteria, 14 (93.3%) digits achieved good to excellent outcomes and only 1 (6.7%) was rated as poor. No occurrence of tendon rupture was noted. The overall grip strength of the injured hand was 50.1% of the uninjured hand at 3 months after the repair. Our results compare favorably with the other published studies. We believed that this modified regime is as effective as other established regimes and suitable to be adopted in our setting. Further study with larger sample group will be required to consolidate our findings.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers*
Multisensory distortions of the hand have differential effects on tactile perception

Treshi-marie Perera A, Newport R, McKenzie KJ

Exp Brain Res, 2015 Nov;233(11):3153-61.
PMID: 26195170 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4384-8

Research has suggested that altering the perceived shape and size of the body image significantly affects perception of somatic events. The current study investigated how multisensory illusions applied to the body altered tactile perception using the somatic signal detection task. Thirty-one healthy volunteers were asked to report the presence or absence of near-threshold tactile stimuli delivered to the index finger under three multisensory illusion conditions: stretched finger, shrunken finger and detached finger, as well as a veridical baseline condition. Both stretching and shrinking the stimulated finger enhanced correct touch detections; however, the mechanisms underlying this increase were found to be different. In contrast, the detached appearance reduced false touch reports-possibly due to reduced tactile noise, as a result of attention being directed to the tip of the finger only. These findings suggest that distorted representations of the body could have different modulatory effects on attention to touch and provide a link between perceived body representation and somatosensory decision-making.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers/innervation*
Normal values for total hand length, palm length and middle finger length in Malaysian newborns from 34-42 weeks of gestation

Halder D, Dharap AS, Than M

Anthropol Anz, 1999 Mar;57(1):69-75.
PMID: 10320927

Early identification of a syndrome at birth is of paramount importance for genetic counselling and possible prevention. Often malformation of the hands and fingers are cardinal manifestations of recognizable syndromes. As there are no published standards for hand and finger size for Malay newborn infants, this study was undertaken to establish normal values for hand, middle finger and palmar lengths, and their indices. A cross-sectional study was done on 509 consecutive newborn Malay babies between 34 and 42 weeks of gestation. Measurements were made on the right hand according to the recommended guidelines of Bergsma & Feingold (1975). The mean values for the measurements did not differ significantly between boys and girls, or change with gestation. For the whole group the mean value for total hand length was 64.4 +/- 3.42 mm, middle finger length 37.1 +/- 2.91 mm, palmar length 27.4 +/- 2.15 mm, finger index 0.425 +/- 0.03 and palmar index 0.58 +/- 0.03. A comparison with published measurements for newborns of different racial origin shows significant differences for the total hand length, middle finger length and palm length from Indian and Jewish infants, but not from Japanese infants. The indices were similar in Malay, Indian, Jewish and Japanese newborn infants.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers/physiology*
Distribution of hair on the dorsum of the phalanges of the hand in a Chinese population from Malaysia

Dharap AS, Lim BC, Ong LB

Anthropol Anz, 1996 Dec;54(4):311-6.
PMID: 9008788

Hair distribution on the dorsum of phalanges of the hand was studied on 302 Chinese subjects (134 males and 168 females) randomly selected from the residents of Kota Bharu, Malaysia. Proximal phalangeal hair was seen on the dorsum of both hands in 99.3% of male subjects but in only 85.1% of female subjects. Chinese females showed a significantly lower (p < 0.05) incidence of proximal phalangeal hair on the hands than Chinese males. Comparison with other racial groups showed that Chinese females had significantly less (p < 0.05) hair on the proximal phalanges of the hands than Malay and African (Nigerian) females. The least common digital combination of proximal phalangeal hair in female subjects was the presence of proximal phalangeal hair only on the fourth digit (ring finger) and was noted in 0.6% of subjects. This has not been reported before. The frequency of middle phalangeal hair (MPH) distribution in Chinese falls between that in Malays and in Japanese which is probably explained by the fact that all these three racial groups originate from Asia. A study of digital combination of MPH in Chinese showed that the most common and the least common combinations in the Chinese differ considerably from those in other races. A total of 16 patterns of hair distribution was noted on the dorsum of the phalanges of the hands in Chinese subjects. Our study showed that though Chinese females had less digital hair on the hands than Chinese males, they showed a much larger variety of patterns of digital hair distribution than males.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers/anatomy & histology*

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