Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 69 in total

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  1. Tattoo in the Oral Cavity
    Bhatia S, Kohli S, Selvadurai SS
    Am J Med, 2021 06;134(6):e390-e391.
    PMID: 33359776 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.11.016
    Matched MeSH terms: Gingiva/abnormalities*; Gingiva/physiopathology
  2. Cell therapy for facial anti-aging
    Ebisawa K, Kato R, Okada M, Kamei Y, Mazlyzam AL, Narita Y, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:41.
    PMID: 19024974
    Two types of cell therapy for facial anti-aging in my clinical experience are introduced in this presentation. One therapy is cultured gingival fibroblasts injection. This procedure lasts for at least one year, making it a good option for patients. The other is platelet rich plasma injection. The results of the preliminary data are promising, but not yet well understood. More clinical data and long-term follow-up is needed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gingiva/physiology; Gingiva/transplantation*
  3. Fulltext A painful gum
    Loh KY, Kew ST
    Aust Fam Physician, 2007 Sep;36(9):755.
    PMID: 17885711
    This middle aged Malaysian man presented complaining of painful gums for a few months. He is known to have had epilepsy since childhood.
    Keywords: quiz; gum hypertrophy
    Matched MeSH terms: Gingiva/drug effects; Gingiva/pathology; Gingival Hyperplasia/chemically induced; Gingival Hyperplasia/diagnosis*; Gingival Hyperplasia/physiopathology
  4. Cellular crosstalk mechanism of Toll-like receptors in gingival overgrowth (review)
    Subramani T, Rathnavelu V, Alitheen NB, Padmanabhan P
    Int J Mol Med, 2015 May;35(5):1151-8.
    PMID: 25812632 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2144
    Gingival overgrowth is an undesirable outcome of systemic medication and is evidenced by the accretion of collagenous components in gingival connective tissues along with diverse degrees of inflammation. Phenytoin therapy has been found to induce the most fibrotic lesions in gingiva, cyclosporine caused the least fibrotic lesions, and nifedipine induced intermediate fibrosis in drug‑induced gingival overgrowth. In drug‑induced gingival overgrowth, efficient oral hygiene is compromised and has negative consequences for the systemic health of the patients. Toll‑like receptors (TLRs) are involved in the effective recognition of microbial agents and play a vital role in innate immunity and inflammatory signaling responses. TLRs stimulate fibrosis and tissue repairs in several settings, although with evident differences between organs. In particular, TLRs exert a distinct effect on fibrosis in organs with greater exposure to TLR ligands, such as the gingiva. Cumulative evidence from diverse sources suggested that TLRs can affect gingival overgrowth in several ways. Numerous studies have demonstrated the expression of TLRs in gingival tissues and suggested its potential role in gingival inflammation, cell proliferation and synthesis of the extracellular matrix which is crucial to the development of gingival overgrowth. In the present review, we assessed the role of TLRs on individual cell populations in gingival tissues that contribute to the progression of gingival inflammation, and the involvement of TLRs in the development of gingival overgrowth. These observations suggest that TLRs provide new insight into the connection among infection, inflammation, drugs and gingival fibrosis, and are therefore efficient therapeutic target molecules. We hypothesize that TLRs are critical for the development and progression of gingival overgrowth, and thus blocking TLR expression may serve as a novel target for antifibrotic therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gingiva/metabolism; Gingiva/pathology; Gingival Overgrowth/chemically induced; Gingival Overgrowth/drug therapy; Gingival Overgrowth/genetics*; Gingival Overgrowth/metabolism*
  5. Fulltext Semilunar Papilla Preservation Flap Technique in Combination with Chorion Membrane for Pocket Reduction and Gingival Recession Coverage
    Rajendran P, Bhat S, Anand M
    Contemp Clin Dent, 2020 08 07;11(2):190-194.
    PMID: 33110336 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_354_19
    An unavoidable consequence of periodontal flap procedure is gingival recession (GR). Achieving both pocket depth reduction and GR coverage remains a challenge to periodontists. The present case report provides a new innovative technique that will enable all clinicians to achieve pocket depth reduction as well as recession coverage in esthetic zone. The clinical parameters that were assessed at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months are probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), height of GR (HGR), and gingival biotype. The patient reported with a faulty post and core with crown in relation to maxillary right central incisor with a PD of 8 mm and HGR of 2.5 mm. Following replacement of the crown with respect to the tooth, semilunar incision was made and flap was reflected to visualize the underlying bone. This technique does not involve the interdental papilla at the same time allows the coronal advancement of the flap. A chorion membrane was placed to accelerate the healing as well to provide stable clinical outcome. The patient was evaluated at 10 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. There was a considerable reduction in PD, GR, and thus gain in CAL. The results remained stable over a period of 6 months.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gingiva; Gingival Recession
  6. Fulltext The prevalence of oro-facial pain and discomfort among 16-year old students In Kelantan - a pilot study
    Jaafar, N., Saub, R., Razak, I.A.
    Ann Dent, 1997;4(1):9-12.
    MyJurnal
    A pilot study was conducted on 135 sixteen-year-old students from three rural schools in Kelantan to establish the prevalence of orofacial pain and discomfort. About 44% reported to have experienced some oro-facial pain in the preceding four weeks. About 27% of those with pain, still experienced the pain at the time of clinical examination but only 8% have consulted professional help. Most of the pain encountered were only mild or moderate in nature. Only 7% and 10% respectively, reported that the pain affected their sleep and concentration to study. The main cause was toothache and sensitivity. The prevalence of discomfort was 22%, the most common causes being recurrent oral ulcers and bleeding gums. The impacts of orofacial pain was mainly manifested at the personal level, and very few affecting social functioning. However, untreated decay and missing teeth were very low (mean DT 0.47, mean MT 0.27), while filled teeth (mean Ff 2.9) was the main component of the DMFf (mean 3.66, sd ± 2.6). Severe periodontal disease and the prevalence of traumatised teeth was not a major public health problem. The high prevalence of pain merit further research. Therefore a larger study involving other age-groups in other states is planned.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gingiva; Gingival Hemorrhage
  7. Fulltext Giant pyogenic granuloma gravidarum of the hand
    Khan ES, Ariff MS, Eshagroni A, Haflah NHM, Abdullah S, Sapuan J
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2014;13(2):55-58.
    MyJurnal
    We describe a case of a giant pyogenic granuloma affecting the left index finger of a 23-year-old pregnant lady requiring surgical excision. Pyogenic granuloma gravidarum is a benign hyperplastic lesion that commonly presents on oral mucosa, typically the gums, in approximately 5% of pregnant women. Skin lesions over the fingers are an unusual site during pregnancy with only a few cases reported in the literature. The lesion was excised and a diagnosis of lobular capillary haemangioma was made based on histopathological evaluation. We delayed surgery until after parturition since recurrence is likely to be lower due to lower levels of circulating oestrogen and progesterone. The prognosis is usually excellent following resection. However, recurrences have been reported regardless of the treatment method.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gingiva
  8. Fulltext The relationship between smoking and periodontal status
    Baharuddin, N.A., Al Bayaty, F.H.
    Ann Dent, 2008;15(2):59-66.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: this study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between smoking and periodontal status in a selected Malaysian population. The sample for this cross-sectional study involved 39 subjects who were smokers. Each subject was required to answer the guided questionnaire followed by clinical examination. The questionnaires had 11 questions and were set in English and Bahasa Melayu. Basically, the questionnaire consisted of 3 sections: socio-demographic data, smoking status and subject's knowledge on periodontal health. The clinical parameters used in this study were: Community Periodontal Index, Visible Plaque score, Gingival Bleeding Index and Calculus Surface Index. Results showed that out of 39 subjects, 28 subjects (71.8%) were current smokers, followed by 6 subjects (15.4%) and 5 subjects (12.8%) who were former and who never smoked respectively. From the 216 sextants examined, 42 sextants (19.4%) were healthy gingival, 127 sextants (58.8%) suffered from gingivitis and 47 (21.8%) sextants suffered from periodontitis. There were positive relationships between smoking and periodontal status.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gingiva
  9. Fulltext The timing and sequence of emergence of permanent teeth in Malay school children in Kota Bharu, Malaysia
    Hussin, A.S., Mokhtar, N., Naing, L., Taylor, J.A., Mahmood, Z.
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2007;2(1):36-40.
    MyJurnal
    The purpose of this study was to determine the timing and sequence of emergence of the first 28 permanent teeth in a cross-section of Malay children in the district of Kota Bharu, in northeastern Peninsula Malaysia. The sample consists of 478 boys and 908 girls of Malay descent aged between 5-19 years. The criterion for tooth emergence was the appearance of the tooth through the gingivae. Descriptive statistics were calculated and probit regression analysis performed to determine the mean age of emergence of the permanent dentition. The mean age at emergence was found to conform to general trends, with emergence seen earlier in girls than in boys. Comparisons were made with the Chinese (Hong Kong) and the Punjabi (Chandigarh) profiles, which showed earlier emergence timings in those ethnic groups. The emergence timing in Malays, however, was earlier than in Thais (Central Thailand). The sequence of emergence was determined by referring to the mean age of tooth emergence of individual teeth and conforms to the general trend seen in other studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gingiva
  10. Fulltext D-Optimal mixture design on melting and textural properties of dark chocolate as affected by cocoa butter substitution with Xanthan gum/Guar gum blends
    Amir, I.Z., Sharon, W.X.R., Syafiq, A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(4):1991-1995.
    MyJurnal
    Impacts and relationships on physicochemical properties in dark chocolate produced from different substitution for cocoa butter by Xanthan gum (XG) and Guar gum (GG) blends were determined using D-optimal mixture design. This study involved three levels of substitution which are 5%, 10% and 15% with constrained cocoa butter content and random blend of gums. Linear design models were applied to analyze parameters including texture (hardness) measurement and melting profile of fat crystal. Products experienced undesirable raises of hardness jointly with the increment of gums incorporation across the level of cocoa butter replacement from 5% to 15%. Similar trend was also agreed with the melting behavior of products as their melting point increased with the gradual diminution of cocoa butter. After all, the replacement of cocoa butter using hydrocolloids was deemed possible as there were products whose melting point and hardness fell in the acceptable range.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gingiva
  11. Oral Langerhans cell histiocytosis in Malaysian children: a 40-year experience
    Jalil Ab, Hin-Lau S
    Int J Paediatr Dent, 2009 Sep;19(5):349-53.
    PMID: 19486369 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2009.00985.x
    BACKGROUND: Oral Langerhans cell histiocytosis is generally seen in children.
    OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinicopathological features of oral LCH in Malaysian paediatric patients.
    METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out to determine the clinicopathological features of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), Letterer-Siwe disease, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease, eosinophilic granuloma, and histiocytosis X occurring in the oral cavity in children, diagnosed histologically in the main oral histopathology laboratory in Malaysia from 1967 to 2007.
    RESULT: There were 17 cases (eight girls and nine boys) with age ranging from 1 to 7 years. There were ten Malays, four Chinese, two Indians, and one of other ethnicity. Thirteen cases presented as gingival swellings with six of these cases accompanied with mobility of the teeth. Nine cases involved the mandible, two in the maxilla, and two cases in both the maxilla and mandible. The radiographic findings were mentioned only in nine cases with presence of bony erosion or destruction of the jaw bones. Four cases had punched-out radiolucencies of the skull. The patients also had other systemic signs and symptoms: skin lesions (n = 5), hepatosplenomegaly (n = 2), prolonged fever (n = 2), diabetes insipidus (n = 1), and exophthalmos (n = 1). Two cases were known cases of systemic LCH.
    CONCLUSION: The histopathologic features of LCH are easily recognized; however, with the development of immunostaining, the use of CD1a helps in confirming the diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gingiva/pathology*
  12. Shear flow behaviour and emulsion-stabilizing effect of natural polysaccharide-protein gum in aqueous system and oil/water (O/W) emulsion
    Amid BT, Mirhosseini H
    Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2013 Mar 1;103:430-40.
    PMID: 23261563 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.11.015
    The main objective of the current work was to characterize the shear rheological flow behaviour and emulsifying properties of the natural biopolymer from durian seed. The present study revealed that the extraction condition significantly affected the physical and functional characteristics of the natural biopolymer from durian seed. The dynamic oscillatory test indicated that the biopolymer from durian seed showed more gel (or solid) like behaviour than the viscous (or liquid) like behaviour (G'>G″) at a relatively high concentration (20%) in the fixed frequency (0.1 Hz). This might be explained by the fact that the gum coils disentangle at low frequencies during the long period of oscillation, thus resulting in more gel like behaviour than the viscous like behaviour. The average droplet size of oil in water (O/W) emulsions stabilized by durian seed gum significantly varied from 0.42 to 7.48 μm. The results indicated that O/W emulsions showed significant different stability after 4 months storage. This might be interpreted by the considerable effect of the extraction condition on the chemical and molecular structure of the biopolymer, thus affecting its emulsifying capacity. The biopolymer extracted by using low water to seed (W/S) ratio at the low temperature under the alkaline condition showed a relatively high emulsifying activity in O/W emulsion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gingiva/chemistry*
  13. Identification and Characterization of Intraoral and Dermal Fibroblasts Revisited
    Mohd Nor NH, Berahim Z, Azlina A, Mokhtar KI, Kannan TP
    Curr Stem Cell Res Ther, 2017;12(8):675-681.
    PMID: 28969579 DOI: 10.2174/1574888X12666170929124621
    BACKGROUND: Fibroblasts are the common cells used in clinical regenerative medicine and dentistry. These cells are known to appear heterogeneous in vivo. Previous studies have only investigated the biological properties of these cell subpopulations in vitro. Despite sharing similarity in their spindle-shaped appearance, previous literatures revealed that they play distinguished functional and biological activities in the body.

    OBJECTIVE: This paper highlights the similarities and differences among these cell subpopulations, particularly between intraoral fibroblasts (human periodontal ligament, gingival and oral mucosa fibroblasts) and dermal fibroblasts based on several factors including their morphology, growth and proliferation rate.

    RESULTS: It could be suggested that each subpopulation of fibroblasts demonstrate different positionspecified gene signatures and responses towards extracellular signals. These dissimilarities are crucial to be taken into consideration to employ specific methodologies in stimulating these cells in vivo.

    CONCLUSION: A comparison of the characteristics of these cell subpopulations is desired for identifying appropriate cellular applications.

    Matched MeSH terms: Gingiva/cytology
  14. Fulltext Multidrug resistance 1 gene polymorphism in amlodipine-induced gingival enlargement
    Naik KN, Jhajharia K, Chaudhary R, Tatikonda A, Dhaliwal AS, Kaur RK
    J Indian Soc Periodontol, 2015 5 28;19(2):239-41.
    PMID: 26015682 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124X.145837
    Gingival enlargement comprises any clinical condition in which an increase in the size of the gingiva is observed. It is a side effect associated with some distinct classes of drugs, such as anticonvulsants, immunosuppressant, and calcium channel blockers. Among calcium channel blockers, nifedipine causes gingival enlargement in about 10% of patients, whereas the incidence of amlodipine, a third-generation calcium channel blocker, induced gingival enlargement is very limited. Because the calcium antagonists, albeit to a variable degree, act as inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the gene product of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1), and inflammation may modify P-gp expression. We hereby, report a case of amlodipine-induced gingival enlargement with MDR1 3435C/T polymorphism, associated with inflammatory changes due to plaque accumulation, in a 50-year-old hypertensive male patient. The genotype obtained for the polymorphism was a heteromutant genotype, thus supporting the contention that the MDR1 polymorphism may alter the inflammatory response to the drug.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gingiva; Gingival Hyperplasia; Gingival Hypertrophy; Gingival Overgrowth
  15. Fulltext Congenital Giant Cell Fibroma – A Case Report
    Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Razi, Nabilah Sawani Harith, Nur Fazilah Mohd Tahir, Nishanti Selvaraj
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2020;26(1):21-28.
    MyJurnal
    Background: This paper aims to report a rare case of congenital giant cell fibroma (GCF). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of GCF in new-born. Case Report: A healthy one-month-old baby boy was referred to Department of Paediatric Dentistry for management of swelling on the upper left alveolar region which presented since birth. Clinical examination demonstrated a well define firm swelling over the upper left alveolar ridge, otherwise the swelling was asymptomatic. Patient was monitored periodically. At 1 year and 9 months of age, there were episodes of ulcerations and bleeding from the lesion as a result of trauma from eruption of opposing teeth. Surgical excision of the lesion was carried out under general anaesthesia. The histopathological examination (HPE) report interpreted the lesion as GCF. Conclusion: GCF is rare fibrous lesion that could be diagnosed only on HPE. Although it is an uncommon congenital lesion, GCF should be considered as one of differential diagnosis of swelling over the gingiva.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gingiva
  16. Fulltext The Integration of a Dual-Wavelength Super Pulsed Diode Laser for Consistent Tissue Ablation in the Esthetic Zone: A Case Series
    Kamar Affendi NH, Ahmad R, Vahidi F, Hassan MZ, Rahimi SN
    Case Rep Dent, 2020;2020:8883156.
    PMID: 33343944 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8883156
    Introduction: A diode laser is one of the universally compact accepted laser systems used fundamentally for soft tissue applications. Most diode laser devices have a single wavelength of either 810 nm for superior coagulation or 980 nm for tissue ablation. In these case series, the use of dual wavelengths (810 nm and 980 nm) in combination with super pulsing has provided a cleaner cut (no charring) with faster healing that eases the placement of the final restoration in the esthetic zone. Case Description. The present case series describe four cases in the esthetic zone that achieved hemostasis ablation without collateral damage to enhance gingival balance of definitive restoration. The gingivoplasty and gingivectomy modes are used to achieve efficient tissue ablation. Although there is no specific mode indicated in the FDA laser requirement for gingival depigmentation, the procedure could be safely performed with the dual-wavelength diode laser.

    Result: All four patients revealed a good esthetic outcome and reported no pain postoperatively. Healing was uneventful, and definitive restoration was delivered within two to four weeks postoperatively.

    Conclusion: Within the limitation of these case series, the dual-wavelength super pulsed diode laser has the capacity to deliver peak powers resulting in efficient cutting and less tissue charring and also as an alternative tool for removal of gingival pigmentation. Prospective clinical research with larger sample size is needed for conclusive results.

    Matched MeSH terms: Gingiva; Gingival Diseases
  17. Fulltext Effectiveness of T-shaped toothbrush in children: A pilot study
    Noraida Mamat, Shani Ann Mani
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2018;13(2):1-7.
    MyJurnal
    Dental caries and gingivitis are common oral health problems affecting schoolchildren worldwide. Effective tooth brushing in children is fundamental in preventing dental caries and gingivitis and maintaining good oral health. Children routinely present with unsatisfactory oral hygiene due to poor compliance and poor dexterity in tooth brushing. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel T-shaped toothbrush in plaque removal and gingival health among children and to obtain feedback regarding its use. Nineteen participants aged 8-10 years who fulfilled the criteria enrolled in this study. The children were taught the proper technique of using the new toothbrush and instructed to use it for a period of 2 weeks. The plaque scores and gingival scores were measured at baseline and after 2 weeks. They were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding the use of the toothbrush after 2 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test. There was a statistically significant (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Gingiva
  18. Fulltext Histological observation of gingival enlargement induced by cyclosporin a and nifedipine: a study in rabbits
    Al-Bayaty, F.H., Al-Tay, B.O., Al-Kushali, S.S., Mahmmod, L.
    ASM Science Journal, 2009;3(1):45-50.
    MyJurnal
    A study was undertaken to estimate the histological changes of gingival enlargement induced by
    Cyclosporin A (CsA) and Nifedipine, separately and in combination. Twelve adult rabbits were divided equally into four main groups. The first group received 10 mg/kg/day Nifedipine, the second received 10 mg/kg/day CsA, and the third received a combination of 10 mg/kg /day Nifedipine and CsA by gastric feeding. The fourth was regarded as a control group. Animals were given the drugs from day 1 of the experiment until day 70. They were then sacrificed for histological purposes. Results showed increase in the thickness of the epithelium with keratosis and acanthosis, and also increased vascularity. Collagen fibres and fibroblasts at different rates in the three histological groups were observed. Significant alveolar bone resorption with increased marrow spaces filled with fatty tissue were found in the CsA group. Non-significant changes in the alveolar bone of the Nifedipine group while subsequent bone resorption and bone deposition were seen in the combination group. These changes could be due to the effect of both drugs. Significant changes in the gingiva and the alveolar bone were shown in the three experimental groups compared with the control group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gingiva; Gingival Hyperplasia; Gingival Overgrowth
  19. Fulltext Toothpastes Available In The Malaysian Market
    Saub, R.
    Ann Dent, 1998;5(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    This study was undertaken to investigate the number and types (fluoride or non-fluoride) of toothpaste products available in the Malaysian market based on the label. Thirty-five brands of toothpaste were identified, of which ten (29%) were specifically recommended for children. Two of the children's toothpaste recommended that children below seven years old use a pea size amount of toothpaste. One (3%) was recommended for both children and adult. The remaining 24 (69%) did not state if they were recommended for either children or adults. To improve the flavour of the toothpastes, a variety of flavours had been added especially in children's toothpaste. Almost half of the toothpastes were for prevention of tooth decay and gum disease. Other indications were for tooth sensitivity, tooth whitening and stain removal. Twentyseven (77%) of the toothpastes were imported, while eight (23%) were made in Malaysia. Twenty-six (74%) of the toothpaste contained fluoride and the most common type of fluoride used was sodium monofluorophosphate (NaMFP). The fluoride concentration was not labeled in more than half (63%) of the fluoridated toothpaste. Of those that were fluoridated, different units of measurement were used. As there is no uniformity in the labelling of these products, it is recommended that the responsible authorities should take more action in enforcing proper labelling of the fluoride concentration in the toothpaste using standardized units.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gingiva
  20. Fulltext Classical trigeminal neuralgia, purely paroxsymal with vascular compression - a case report
    B, Elamathi, R, Vijaya, V, Valliappan, A, Ramanathan
    Ann Dent, 2014;21(1):33-37.
    MyJurnal
    According to the 3rd edition of the international
    classification of headache disorders (ICHD3 2013),
    Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is classified into two types:
    1. Classical TN, purely paroxysmal 2. Classical TN
    with concomitant persistent facial pain. In this article,
    the authors describe a 47 year-old, male with unilateral,
    severe, recurring, electric shock-like pain involving left
    lower jaw, teeth and gingiva. Diagnosis of classical TN
    of the left 3rd division of the trigeminal nerve was made.
    The patient was treated with pharmacotherapeutic agents
    but without relief. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
    of the brain showed medial vascular compression of left
    trigeminal pontine root entry zone caused by superior
    cerebellar artery. A microvascular decompression (MVD)
    surgery was done at the left trigeminal pontine root entry
    zone resulting in good relief of pain. This article highlights
    the differential diagnoses to be considered with TN and
    also emphasize the difference between the two types of
    the TN according to ICDH3 (2013). It also highlights the
    difference between classical TN purely paroxysmal with
    and without vascular compression by imaging techniques
    and their differing treatment modalities, which therefore
    should be reflected in future ICDH classification.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gingiva
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