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  1. Attempted suicide in Kuala Lumpur
    Habil MH, Ganesvaran T, Agnes LS
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 1992;6(2):5-7.
    PMID: 1308772
    A total of 306 patients were admitted to the University Hospital in Kuala Lumpur in 1989 after attempting suicide. Fourteen of them succumbed to injuries. Psychosocial data of 296 patients out of the 306 survivors are reported. Suicidal behaviour is more common in the young and especially amongst the females. Nearly 45.0% of them are from social class IV and V. Persons of Indian ethnic origin are overrepresented, while in Malays suicidal behavior seemed to be less common. Self-poisoning was reported to be the commonest method in attempting suicide. Diagnosis of adjustment disorder was made in 58.5% of the patients. Two-thirds of the patients had an intention score of less than 10 on the Pierce's Scale.
    Publication year=1992-1993
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  2. Fulltext A cross-sectional study comparing customer satisfaction between rural and urban primary care clinics in Hulu Langat district and the influencing factors. [Kajian keratan rentas perbandingan kepuasan pelanggan di antara klinik-klinik kesihatan primer luar bandar dan bandar di daerah Hulu Langat dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi]
    Azimatun, N.A., Salmiah, B., Ahamad, J.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2012;12(2):52-67.
    MyJurnal
    Improvement in the service quality system of health clinics in Malaysia had increase with the increase of national development. However, customer dissatisfaction towards regular service still has become an issue in the provision of health service in clinics throughout this country. This study aims to identify factors that influence customer satisfaction such as sociodemographic factors of patients, the location of clinic (rural or urban) and the most important SERVQUAL dimensions in determining customer satisfaction. This study conducted in October and November 2008 in Hulu Langat District. SERVQUAL questionnaires were used. Probabilistic sampling was used for the selection of respondents and the number of samples for each clinic was based on the workload of the clinic. Overall, the results showed that there are differences in levels of customer satisfaction between urban clinic (25.8%) and rural (30.7%). The most critical service quality dimensions for urban clinics are the responsiveness and reliability dimensions with a mean value of -0.7018 and -0.7434. Responsiveness, existence and reliability are the weakest quality service dimensions (mean -0.6317, -0.6718 and -0.6028) in rural clinics. It was found that customers’ ethnicity and education affect customer satisfaction in both the urban and rural clinics. Gender and type of work are factors that affect customer satisfaction only in urban clinics. Overall customer satisfaction at health clinics in Hulu Langat District is low. The difference between urban and rural clinics show the customers' needs in the area is different.
    Key words: Customer satisfaction, SERVQUAL, health clinics, services.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  3. Fulltext Prevalence of depression among women attending a primary urban care clinic in Malaysia
    Mohd Sidik S, Arroll B, Goodyear-Smith F, Ahmad R
    Singapore Med J, 2012 Jul;53(7):468-73.
    PMID: 22815016
    Depression affects more women than men in Malaysia. The objective of this paper was to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among women attending a government primary care clinic.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  4. Fulltext Hyperbilirubinaemia and erythrocytic glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Malaysian children
    Hon AT, Balakrishnan S, Ahmad Z
    Med J Malaysia, 1989 Mar;44(1):30-4.
    PMID: 2626111
    Cord blood from 8,975 babies delivered in Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru over a period of eight months (1st August 1985 to 31st March 1986) were screened for G6PD deficiency. The overall incidence was 4.5% in Chinese, 3.5% in Malays and 1.5% in Indian babies. One hundred of these babies were observed in the nursery for seven days and their daily serum bilirubin recorded. The serum bilirubin peaked at 96 hours to a value of 12mg%. None of the babies in the nursery developed a serum bilirubin level of more than 15mg%. Six of the babies with G6PD deficiency that were sent home were readmitted with hyperbilirubinaemia that needed exchange transfusion.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  5. Fulltext A tale of two boys: case report on nonconsanguineous siblings with cerebral palsy
    Leelavathi, M., Lim, J.L., Ahmad, S.
    Medicine & Health, 2014;9(1):74-79.
    MyJurnal
    Cerebral palsy is a common cause of childhood disability. It has a great impact on parents and caregivers, especially when it reoccurs in the same family. Although familial cerebral palsy is relatively uncommon, cases have been reported among children from consanguineous, non-consanguineous marriages and multiple pregnancies suggesting a possible complex genetic mode of inheritance. Physicians need to be aware of the possibility of familial cerebral palsy for early detection and counseling. We describe a rare case of two male siblings from a non-consanguineous marriage affected by cerebral palsy.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  6. Lack of association between the LRRK2 A419V variant and Asian Parkinson's disease
    Gopalai AA, Lim SY, Aziz ZA, Lim SK, Tan LP, Chong YB, et al.
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2013 May;42(5):237-40.
    PMID: 23771111
    INTRODUCTION: The G2385R and R1628P LRRK2 gene variants have been associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in the Asian population. Recently, a new LRRK2 gene variant, A419V, was reported to be a third risk variant for PD in Asian patients. Our objective was to investigate this finding in our cohort of Asian subjects.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight hundred and twenty-eight subjects (404 PD patients, and 424 age and gender-matched control subjects without neurological disorders) were recruited. Genotyping was done by Taqman® allelic discrimination assay on an Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR machine.

    RESULTS: The heterozygous A419V genotype was found in only 1 patient with PD, compared to 3 in the control group (0.4% vs 1.3%), giving an odds ratio of 0.35 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.01 to 3.79; P = 0.624).

    CONCLUSION: A419V is not an important LRRK2 risk variant in our Asian cohort of patients with PD. Our data are further supported by a literature review which showed that 4 out of 6 published studies reported a negative association of this variant in PD.

    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  7. X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease predominates in a cohort of multiethnic Malaysian patients
    Shahrizaila N, Samulong S, Tey S, Suan LC, Meng LK, Goh KJ, et al.
    Muscle Nerve, 2014 Feb;49(2):198-201.
    PMID: 23649551 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23892
    Data regarding Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is lacking in Southeast Asian populations. We investigated the frequency of the common genetic mutations in a multiethnic Malaysian cohort.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  8. Racial disparity in the prevalence of thyroid disorder during pregnancy
    Sakinah SO, Khalid BA, Aishah AB
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1993 Jul;22(4):563-6.
    PMID: 8257059
    A study to determine the prevalence of goitre and abnormal thyroid status during pregnancy in Malaysian women was conducted. Two hundred and three women (Malay = 85, Chinese = 47 and Indian = 71) in the third trimester and with no known thyroid disease were studied. There was a marked racial disparity in the prevalence of goitre: Indian 61%, Malay 28% and Chinese 29% (p = 0.001). The serum thyrotropic hormone (TSH) was significantly higher in Indians (median: 1.36 uIU/ml) compared to Malays (1.14 uIU/ml, p = 0.009). The serum albumin was also significantly lower in Indians (mean +/- sd; 36.12 +/- 3.9 mmol/l) compared to Malays (39.3 +/- 4.8 mmol/l) or Chinese (39.1 +/- 5.2) (p < 0.001). Thyroid antibody was detected in 14.6% of these women with no significant racial difference in its prevalence. Three women were found to be thyrotoxic but none were hypothyroid. This study found a high prevalence of goitre among the pregnant Indian women, probably related to the protein malnutrition state. The high prevalence of positive thyroid antibody in our population indicates that a high percentage of women are at risk of developing postpartum thyroiditis.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  9. Fulltext A microbiological study of genital ulcers in Kuala Lumpur
    Zainah S, Cheong YM, Sinniah M, Gan AT, Akbal K
    Med J Malaysia, 1991 Sep;46(3):274-82.
    PMID: 1839925
    The microbial aetiology of genital ulcers was studied in 249 patients (241 men and 8 women) attending a Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Herpes simplex virus type 2 was isolated in 48 (19.2%) patients, Haemophilus ducreyi from 22 (8.8%), Neisseria gonorrhoeae from seven (2.8%) and Chlamydia trachomatis from four (1.6%). Syphilis was diagnosed in 18 (7.2%) patients on the basis of dark field microscopy. Two (0.8%) patients were found to have both chancroid and syphilis and one (0.5%) had both gonorrhoea and syphilis. No organism was isolated in the remaining 151 (61.5%) patients. Overall, the accuracy of clinical diagnosis was 58% for single infection, 67% for herpes, 63% for syphilis, 47% for chancroid and 0% for lymphogranuloma venereum. Therefore, our study confirms the need for laboratory tests to diagnose accurately the aetiology of genital ulcer disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  10. Silica exposure is associated with an increased risk of developing ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis in an Asian population: evidence from the Malaysian MyEIRA case-control study
    Yahya A, Bengtsson C, Larsson P, Too CL, Mustafa AN, Abdullah NA, et al.
    Mod Rheumatol, 2014 Mar;24(2):271-4.
    PMID: 24593203 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2013.854076
    OBJECTIVES: Silica exposure has been associated with an increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), especially among smokers. In this study, we aimed at examining the association between silica exposure (and its interaction with smoking) and the risk of RA in the Malaysian population.
    METHODS: In total, 149 cases and 213 matched controls, all men, were included between August 2005 and December 2009. A case was defined as a person with early diagnosed RA using the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria for RA. Controls were randomly selected matched on sex, age and residential area. Silica exposure was defined as exposure to stone dust, rock drilling or stone crushing, and smoking status was categorized as ever/never cigarette smoking.
    RESULTS: An increased risk of anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)-positive RA (OR = 2.4, 95 % CI 1.0-5.6) was observed among those exposed to silica. Ever-smokers exposed to silica had a particularly high risk of developing ACPA-positive RA (OR = 7.5, 95 % CI 2.3-24.2), compared with never-smokers not exposed to silica. No association was found regarding ACPA-negative RA.
    CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that exposure to both silica and cigarette smoke comprise risks for developing RA in the Malaysian genetic context. The findings expand a link between environmental lung exposures and ACPA-positive RA to Asian populations.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  11. Fulltext Perceptions about food allergy among medical science students in a university in Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
    Redhwan AA, Low WY, Mustafa FM, Robert C, Ali A
    International Food Research Journal, 2011;18(1):451-458.
    MyJurnal
    This study aimed to determine the perceptions and opinions of medical students about food allergy. Universal sampling was used to conduct focus group discussions. The majority of the participants 40 (67%) mentioned that the common symptoms of food allergy are: skin rashes, swollen lips, diarrhea, vomiting, bronchospasm, redness, itchiness, difficulty in breathing, stomach ache and fever. Majority of participants mentioned that seafood is the food that can cause most food allergies 52 (87%), followed by tree nuts 25 (42%), peanuts and dairy products 19 (32%). Regarding the most allergenic food named by the participants are seafood 23 (38%); followed by milk and dairy products 5 (8%) and nuts 5 (8%). The majority of participants mentioned that food allergy can be fatal 48 (80%), a child can catch food allergy 57 (95%), and 10 of 100 people would have food allergy 31 (52%). Half of the participants 30 (50%) mentioned that it is very hard to care for children with food allergy. The majority of participants mentioned that food allergies do run in families 50 (83%), avoiding allergenic food is the best preventive methods 36 (60%) and that food allergy can be treated and will go away and 32 (53%). This study showed that in spite of sufficient knowledge among medical students about food allergy, some misconceptions still exist such as the high prevalence of food allergy and that food allergy can be treated and will go away. Therefore, there is a need for improving the continuous medical education among medical students with regard to food allergy because they are our future physicians.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  12. Need and demand for dental care in a group of Malaysian elderly
    Razak IA, Ali MM
    Gerodontics, 1988 Oct;4(5):265-7.
    PMID: 3271724
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  13. Ethnic and sex variations in dental care utilization patterns in a group of Malaysian elderly
    Razak IA, Ali MM
    Gerodontology, 1988;7(2):77-80.
    PMID: 3273286
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  14. Unperceived dental needs in a group of Malaysian elderly patients
    Razak IA, Ali MM
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1989 Sep;18(5):516-8.
    PMID: 2619242
    The present study analysed the records of 342 elderly subjects aged 55 years and above of different ethnic groups to ascertain the types and level of their unperceived dental needs. The overall percentage of unperceived needs was highest among the Malays (96.1% or 74/77 subjects) and among the men (88.5% or 139/157 subjects). The unperceived need for prosthetic treatment was highest among the Malays and Chinese as well as among women, whereas the unperceived need for treatment for periodontal disease was highest among the Indians. The data for unperceived needs for prosthetic treatment as well as for treatment for caries and periodontal disease were somewhat similar among men. Within each ethnic group, variations among sex in the unperceived needs for the various dental symptoms were also noticeable. Further research is indicated to ascertain the role of traditional and cultural concepts and dogmas in determining the importance attached to the various dental health symptoms within each ethnic group.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  15. Fulltext Relationship between demographic and clinical factors with physical functioning of stroke patients. [Hubungan antara faktor demografik dan klinikal dengan kefungsian fizikal pesakit strok]
    Ghazali SE, Mohd Zulkifly MF, Che Din N, Desa A, Ali RA
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2016;14(2):23-30.
    MyJurnal
    Stroke is a causal factor that commonly caused physical impairments and activity limitations among patients to perform daily activities until at certain level stroke patients will experience disability. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship of each demographic and clinical factors that is believed to associate with physical functioning of patients
    those who experienced stroke. This present study also try to compare physical functioning of patients with associated factors and then examine the correlation between those factors with physical functioning. A total of 147 respondents that pass for cognitive screening test involved in this study. Barthel Index (ADL) was administered to the respondents after 6 weeks of stroke attack in order to measure their physical functioning status. Results found that there was a significant difference [F(3, 143) = 4.06; p < 0.01] between level of educations with physical functioning of patients. With respect to clinical factors also showed a significant difference (p < 0.01) was higher in physical functioning when stroke attack
    occurred at right hemisphere of brain. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) in physical functioning with respect to belief of recovery. Furthermore, number of stroke attack also showed a significant difference [F(1, 145) = 11.19; [p < 0.01] in physical functioning of patients. Correlation test that was carried out found a positive significant correlation
    (r = 0.24; p < 0.01) between physical functioning with respect to the affected lesion side. In conclusion, demographic and clinical factors also played the roles to determine level of physical functioning among stroke patients and thus these factors should be considered in any studies that intended to enhance physical functioning of patients in future.
    Keywords: stroke; physical functioning; disability; physical impairment
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  16. Fulltext Craniofacial anthropometric norms of Malaysian Indians
    Ngeow WC, Aljunid ST
    Indian J Dent Res, 2009 Jul-Sep;20(3):313-9.
    PMID: 19884715 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.57372
    OBJECTIVE: This study was done to establish the craniofacial anthropometric norms of the young adult (18- 25 years) Malaysian Indian.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of convenient samples of 100 healthy volunteers, with equal number of female and male subjects who had no history of mixed racial-parentage. Twenty-two linear measurements were taken twice from 28 landmarks over six craniofacial regions. The methodology and evaluation of indices of the craniofacial region was adapted from Hajnis et al.
    RESULTS: The minimum measurements are always contributed by the female Indian except for the nose height (n-sn), (left) eye fissure length (ex-en), upper vermillion height (ls-sto), and lower vermillion height (sto-li). There is a gender difference in all the measurements except the (left) eye fissure height (independent t-test; P < 0.05). The Malaysian Indians exhibit some North American White Caucasian (NAWC) features in all regions. The cephalic index indicates a brachycephalic or relatively short wide head with a tendency towards mesocephaly. From the low nasal index, the Malaysian Indian female have a nose that is narrow or leptorrhin similar to the NAWCs. The lower value of the upper lip height to mouth width index in the Indian female indicates a relatively shorter upper lip height compared to the mouth width, also similar to the NAWC.
    CONCLUSION: This study establishes the craniofacial anthropometric norms of the Malaysian Indian over 22 parameters. Male in general has a significantly higher measurement than female. The Malaysian Indians do exhibit some NAWC features.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology*
  17. Epidemiology of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need of 12-13-year-old Malaysian schoolchildren
    Esa R, Razak IA, Allister JH
    Community Dent Health, 2001 Mar;18(1):31-6.
    PMID: 11421403
    Data on malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in Malaysia are limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in a sample of 12-13-year-old schoolchildren using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), and to assess the relationship between malocclusion and socio-demographic variables, perceptions of need for orthodontic treatment, aesthetic perception and social functioning.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  18. Fulltext A comparative study of branch retinal vein occlusion and central vein occlusion amongst Malaysian patients
    Teoh SL, Amarjeet K
    Med J Malaysia, 1993 Dec;48(4):410-5.
    PMID: 8183164
    A retrospective study of 95 patients with retinal vein occlusion was carried out to determine the clinical presentation and pattern of distribution in the local Malaysian population. There was no significant difference found in its distribution with regards to sex. In comparing branch retinal vein occlusion with central retinal vein occlusion, no significant differences were found in its racial distribution. Branch retinal vein occlusion occurred more commonly among the older patients whereas the converse is true for central retinal vein occlusion. Reduced vision represents the commonest mode of presentation. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia and haematological disorders are important associated systemic conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  19. Fulltext Alcohol use, its predictors and academic performance among Malaysian students of a medical college in India
    Devi V, Tan AWP, Tan TY, Subhash S, Amir SMH
    Education in Medicine Journal, 2013;5(4):72-76.
    MyJurnal
    Several studies reveal high rates of alcohol use among college students affecting their health and performances. This cross-sectional survey was done to study medical students' drinking pattern, its predictors and to develop any possible link between their academic performance and alcohol consumption. Data was collected using newly designed, validated questionnaire from students (n= 348) who consumed and not consumed alcohol. The response rate was 60% (209/348). 94% of drinkers started consuming alcohol before entering into the medical school. Most of them (85%) drank with parents' awareness. Among drinkers, 63% were of Chinese race and 35% of Indian race. None of the Malay respondents reported of drinking. 63% of drinkers and 23% of non-drinkers reported that most of their friends consumed alcohol. Drinking was not associated with smoking or drug abuse. There were no statistically significant differences in exam scores between drinkers and nondrinkers. Non-drinkers considered religious and moral obligations for not consuming alcohol. In conclusion, at our Institute, students did not allow their alcohol use to interfere with their academic performance. The drinking habit developed during school time is more likely to continue during college years. Those who have non-drinking friends are more likely not to consume alcohol themselves. Moral and religious obligations have positive impact on alcohol intake.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  20. Fulltext The development and validation of the Satisfaction Questionnaire for Osteoporosis Prevention in Malaysia
    Toh LS, Lai PS, Wu DB, Wong KT, Low BY, Tan AT, et al.
    Patient Prefer Adherence, 2014;8:1365-81.
    PMID: 25328386 DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S65718
    Purpose: To develop and validate the English version of the Satisfaction Questionnaire for Osteoporosis Prevention (SQOP) in Malaysia.
    Methods: The SQOP was modified from the Osteoporosis Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire and developed based on literature review and patient interviews. Face and content validity were established via an expert panel. The SQOP consists of two sections: clinical services and types of counseling. There were 23 items in total, each with a five-point Likert-type response. Satisfaction score was calculated by converting the total score to a percentage. A higher score indicates higher satisfaction. English speaking, non-osteoporotic, postmenopausal women aged 50 years were included in the study. Participants were randomized to either the control or intervention group. Intervention participants were provided counseling, whereas control participants received none. Participants answered the SQOP at baseline and 2 weeks later.
    Results: A total of 140 participants were recruited (control group: n=70; intervention group: n=70). No significant differences were found in any demographic aspects. Exploratory factor analysis extracted seven domains. Cronbach’s α for the domains ranged from 0.531–0.812. All 23 items were highly correlated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.469–0.996 (P<0.05), with no significant change in the control group’s overall test–retest scores, indicating that the
    SQOP achieved stable reliability. The intervention group had a higher score than the control group (87.91±5.99 versus 61.87±8.76; P<0.05), indicating that they were more satisfied than control participants. Flesch reading ease was 62.9.
    Conclusion: The SQOP was found to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing patients’ satisfaction towards an osteoporosis screening and prevention service in Malaysia.
    Keywords: patient satisfaction, randomized controlled trial, postmenopausal women, screening
    Study site: primary care clinic, tertiary hospital, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
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