Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 438 in total

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  1. Fulltext Synthesis of silver nanoparticles with antibacterial activity using the lichen Parmotrema praesorediosum
    Mie R, Samsudin MW, Din LB, Ahmad A, Ibrahim N, Adnan SN
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2014;9:121-7.
    PMID: 24379670 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S52306
    Development of a green chemistry process for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles has become a focus of interest. This would offer numerous benefits, including ecofriendliness and compatibility for biomedical applications. Here we report the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the reduction of silver nitrate and an aqueous extract of the lichen Parmotrema praesorediosum as a reductant as well as a stabilizer. The physical appearance of these silver nanoparticles was characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The results show that silver nanoparticles synthesized using P. praesorediosum have an average particle size of 19 nm with a cubic structure. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized silver nanoparticles was tested against eight micro-organisms using the disk diffusion method. The results reveal that silver nanoparticles synthesized using P. praesorediosum have potential antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/administration & dosage*; Metal Nanoparticles/ultrastructure; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  2. An ultrasensitive hollow-silica-based biosensor for pathogenic Escherichia coli DNA detection
    Ariffin EY, Lee YH, Futra D, Tan LL, Karim NHA, Ibrahim NNN, et al.
    Anal Bioanal Chem, 2018 Mar;410(9):2363-2375.
    PMID: 29504083 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0893-1
    A novel electrochemical DNA biosensor for ultrasensitive and selective quantitation of Escherichia coli DNA based on aminated hollow silica spheres (HSiSs) has been successfully developed. The HSiSs were synthesized with facile sonication and heating techniques. The HSiSs have an inner and an outer surface for DNA immobilization sites after they have been functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. From field emission scanning electron microscopy images, the presence of pores was confirmed in the functionalized HSiSs. Furthermore, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis indicated that the HSiSs have four times more surface area than silica spheres that have no pores. These aminated HSiSs were deposited onto a screen-printed carbon paste electrode containing a layer of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to form a AuNP/HSiS hybrid sensor membrane matrix. Aminated DNA probes were grafted onto the AuNP/HSiS-modified screen-printed electrode via imine covalent bonds with use of glutaraldehyde cross-linker. The DNA hybridization reaction was studied by differential pulse voltammetry using an anthraquinone redox intercalator as the electroactive DNA hybridization label. The DNA biosensor demonstrated a linear response over a wide target sequence concentration range of 1.0×10-12-1.0×10-2 μM, with a low detection limit of 8.17×10-14 μM (R2 = 0.99). The improved performance of the DNA biosensor appeared to be due to the hollow structure and rough surface morphology of the hollow silica particles, which greatly increased the total binding surface area for high DNA loading capacity. The HSiSs also facilitated molecule diffusion through the silica hollow structure, and substantially improved the overall DNA hybridization assay. Graphical abstract Step-by-step DNA biosensor fabrication based on aminated hollow silica spheres.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry
  3. Eucalyptus Concoction Mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Its Bioactive Role Explored via Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Studies
    Muthiah B, Muthukrishnan L, Anita Lett J, Sagadevan S, Kesavan S, Vennila S, et al.
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2020 10 01;20(10):6326-6333.
    PMID: 32384982 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2020.17897
    Biosynthesis of nanoparticles has now become a novel trend in addressing some of the environmental issues by adopting eco-friendly approaches in manoeuvring nanoparticles for various applications. Plants and micro-organisms have been the potential sources of the biological mode of synthesizing nanoparticles as part of their bioremediation process. This principle has been harnessed for synthesizing nanoparticles either extra or intracellularly. In this line of phyto-mediated synthesis, eucalyptus buds have been used for synthesizing gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) under optimized laboratory conditions. The UV-visible spectrum of the Au NPs showed typical surface plasmon resonance at 550 nm (λmax) with a crystalline phase measuring <100 nm in size and monodispersed as revealed from XRD, FESEM, and AFM analyses. The biological role of phytochemical concoction in reducing and stabilizing the Au NPs was clearly identified from FT-IR studies. The antimicrobial effect of the Au NPs against clinically important pathogens viz. Staphylococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp. and E. coli determined using the disk diffusion method showed no significant antibacterial effect at all concentrations. Cytotoxicity studies were carried using Vero and HEp-2 cell lines and the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) was determined to be 1.25 mg and 0.625 mg/mL respectively. Au NPs with potential antimicrobial and anti-proliferative effects could found profound implications in the field of nanomedicine once the toxicity in vivo has been investigated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles*
  4. Suppressing growth, migration, and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells by Catharanthus roseus‑silver nanoparticles
    Azhar NA, Ghozali SZ, Abu Bakar SA, Lim V, Ahmad NH
    Toxicol In Vitro, 2020 Sep;67:104910.
    PMID: 32526345 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104910
    Application of silver nanoparticles serves as a new approach in cancer treatment due to its unique features. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant is advantageous since they are easily accessible, nontoxic and produce quicker reaction compared to other methods. To evaluate the cytotoxicity, mechanism of cell death and DNA damage of biosynthesized Catharanthus roseus-silver nanoparticles on human liver cancer (HepG2) cells. The antiproliferative activity of Catharanthus roseus‑silver nanoparticles was measured using MTT assay. The cytotoxic effects were further evaluated by measuring nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The mechanism of cell death was determined by annexin-FITC/propidium iodide, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cell cycle assays. The assessment of DNA damage was evaluated using Comet assay method. The uptake of the nanoparticles were evaluated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Catharanthus roseus‑silver nanoparticles has inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a time-dependent manner with a median IC50 value of 3.871 ± 0.18 μg/mL. The concentration of nitrite and ROS were significantly higher than control. The cell death was due to apoptosis associated with MMP loss, cell cycle arrest, and extensive DNA damage. TEM analysis indicated the presence of free nanoparticles and endosomes containing the nanoparticles. The findings show that Catharanthus roseus‑silver nanoparticles have produced cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells and thus may have a potential to be used as an anticancer treatment, particularly for hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/administration & dosage*; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry
  5. Fulltext Gadolinium-Doped Gallic Acid-Zinc/Aluminium-Layered Double Hydroxide/Gold Theranostic Nanoparticles for a Bimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Drug Delivery System
    Sani Usman M, Hussein MZ, Fakurazi S, Masarudin MJ, Ahmad Saad FF
    Nanomaterials (Basel), 2017 Aug 31;7(9).
    PMID: 28858229 DOI: 10.3390/nano7090244
    We have developed gadolinium-based theranostic nanoparticles for co-delivery of drug and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent using Zn/Al-layered double hydroxide as the nanocarrier platform, a naturally occurring phenolic compound, gallic acid (GA) as therapeutic agent, and Gd(NO₃)₃ as diagnostic agent. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were grown on the system to support the contrast for MRI imaging. The nanoparticles were characterized using techniques such as Hi-TEM, XRD, ICP-ES. Kinetic release study of the GA from the nanoparticles showed about 70% of GA was released over a period of 72 h. The in vitro cell viability test for the nanoparticles showed relatively low toxicity to human cell lines (3T3) and improved toxicity on cancerous cell lines (HepG2). A preliminary contrast property test of the nanoparticles, tested on a 3 Tesla MRI machine at various concentrations of GAGZAu and water (as a reference) indicates that the nanoparticles have a promising dual diagnostic and therapeutic features to further develop a better future for clinical remedy for cancer treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles
  6. Fulltext Graphene Oxide as a Nanocarrier for a Theranostics Delivery System of Protocatechuic Acid and Gadolinium/Gold Nanoparticles
    Usman MS, Hussein MZ, Kura AU, Fakurazi S, Masarudin MJ, Ahmad Saad FF
    Molecules, 2018 Feb 24;23(2).
    PMID: 29495251 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020500
    We have synthesized a graphene oxide (GO)-based theranostic nanodelivery system (GOTS) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using naturally occurring protocatechuic acid (PA) as an anticancer agent and gadolinium (III) nitrate hexahydrate (Gd) as the starting material for a contrast agent,. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were subsequently used as second diagnostic agent. The GO nanosheets were first prepared from graphite via the improved Hummer's protocol. The conjugation of the GO and the PA was done via hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions, followed by surface adsorption of the AuNPs through electrostatic interactions. GAGPA is the name given to the nanocomposite obtained from Gd and PA conjugation. However, after coating with AuNPs, the name was modified to GAGPAu. The physicochemical properties of the GAGPA and GAGPAu nanohybrids were studied using various characterization techniques. The results from the analyses confirmed the formation of the GOTS. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) results showed the diffractive patterns for pure GO nanolayers, which changed after subsequent conjugation of the Gd and PA. The AuNPs patterns were also recorded after surface adsorption. Cytotoxicity and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast tests were also carried out on the developed GOTS. The GAGPAu was significantly cytotoxic to the human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) but nontoxic to the standard fibroblast cell line (3T3). The GAGPAu also appeared to possess higher T1 contrast compared to the pure Gd and water reference. The GOTS has good prospects of serving as future theranostic platform for cancer chemotherapy and diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/ultrastructure; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  7. Fulltext A bimodal theranostic nanodelivery system based on [graphene oxide-chlorogenic acid-gadolinium/gold] nanoparticles
    Usman MS, Hussein MZ, Fakurazi S, Masarudin MJ, Ahmad Saad FF
    PLoS One, 2018;13(7):e0200760.
    PMID: 30044841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200760
    We have synthesized a bimodal theranostic nanodelivery system (BIT) that is based on graphene oxide (GO) and composed of a natural chemotherapeutic agent, chlorogenic acid (CA) used as the anticancer agent, while gadolinium (Gd) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modality. The CA and Gd guest agents were simultaneously loaded on the GO nanolayers using chemical interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and π-π non-covalent interactions to form GOGCA nanocomposite. Subsequently, the AuNPs were doped on the surface of the GOGCA by means of electrostatic interactions, which resulted in the BIT. The physico-chemical studies of the BIT affirmed its successful development. The X-ray diffractograms (XRD) collected of the various stages of BIT synthesis showed the successive development of the hybrid system, while 90% of the chlorogenic acid was released in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH 4.8. This was further reaffirmed by the in vitro evaluations, which showed stunted HepG2 cancer cells growth against the above 90% cell growth in the control cells. A reverse case was recorded for the 3T3 normal cells. Further, the acquired T1-weighted image of the BIT doped samples obtained from the MRI indicated contrast enhancement in comparison with the plain Gd and water references. The abovementioned results portray our BIT as a promising future chemotherapeutic for anticancer treatment with diagnostic modalities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry
  8. Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced-graphene oxide targeting anti hepatitis B virus core antigen
    Abd Muain MF, Cheo KH, Omar MN, Amir Hamzah AS, Lim HN, Salleh AB, et al.
    Bioelectrochemistry, 2018 Aug;122:199-205.
    PMID: 29660648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.04.004
    Hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) is the major structural protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV). The presence of anti-HBcAg antibody in a blood serum indicates that a person has been exposed to HBV. This study demonstrated that the immobilization of HBcAg onto the gold nanoparticles-decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO-en-AuNPs) nanocomposite could be used as an antigen-functionalized surface to sense the presence of anti-HBcAg. The modified rGO-en-AuNPs/HBcAg was then allowed to undergo impedimetric detection of anti-HBcAg with anti-estradiol antibody and bovine serum albumin as the interferences. Upon successful detection of anti-HBcAg in spiked buffer samples, impedimetric detection of the antibody was then further carried out in spiked human serum samples. The electrochemical response showed a linear relationship between electron transfer resistance and the concentration of anti-HBcAg ranging from 3.91ngmL-1 to 125.00ngmL-1 with lowest limit of detection (LOD) of 3.80ngmL-1 at 3σm-1. This established method exhibits potential as a fast and convenient way to detect anti-HBcAg.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  9. Synthesis of flexirubin-mediated silver nanoparticles using Chryseobacterium artocarpi CECT 8497 and investigation of its anticancer activity
    Venil CK, Sathishkumar P, Malathi M, Usha R, Jayakumar R, Yusoff ARM, et al.
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2016 Feb;59:228-234.
    PMID: 26652368 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.019
    In this work, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from a pigment produced by a recently-discovered bacterium, Chryseobacterium artocarpi CECT 8497, was achieved, followed by an investigation of its anticancer properties. The bacterial pigment was identified as flexirubin following NMR ((1)H NMR and (13)C NMR), UV-Vis, and LC-MS analysis. An aqueous silver nitrate solution was treated with isolated flexirubin to produce silver nanoparticles. The synthesised silver nanoparticles were subsequently characterised by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy methodologies. Furthermore, the anticancer effects of synthesised silver nanoparticles in a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) were evaluated. The tests showed significant cytotoxicity activity of the silver nanoparticles in the cultured cells, with an IC50 value of 36μgmL(-1). This study demonstrates that silver nanoparticles, synthesised from flexirubin from C. artocarpi CECT 8497, may have potential as a novel chemotherapeutic agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  10. Fulltext Gold Nanoparticles Conjugation Enhances Antiacanthamoebic Properties of Nystatin, Fluconazole and Amphotericin B
    Anwar A, Siddiqui R, Raza Shah M, Ahmed Khan N
    J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2019 Jan 28;29(1):171-177.
    PMID: 30415525 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1805.05028
    Parasitic infections have remained a significant burden on human and animal health. In part, this is due to lack of clinically-approved, novel antimicrobials and a lack of interest by the pharmaceutical industry. An alternative approach is to modify existing clinically-approved drugs for efficient delivery formulations to ensure minimum inhibitory concentration is achieved at the target site. Nanotechnology offers the potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of drugs through modification of nanoparticles with ligands. Amphotericin B, nystatin, and fluconazole are clinically available drugs in the treatment of amoebal and fungal infections. These drugs were conjugated with gold nanoparticles. To characterize these gold-conjugated drug, atomic force microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed. These drugs and their gold nanoconjugates were examined for antimicrobial activity against the protist pathogen, Acanthamoeba castellanii of the T4 genotype. Moreover, host cell cytotoxicity assays were accomplished. Cytotoxicity of these drugs and drug-conjugated gold nanoparticles was also determined by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Gold nanoparticles conjugation resulted in enhanced bioactivity of all three drugs with amphotericin B producing the most significant effects against Acanthamoeba castellanii (p ＜ 0.05). In contrast, bare gold nanoparticles did not exhibit antimicrobial potency. Furthermore, amoebae treated with drugs-conjugated gold nanoparticles showed reduced cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. In this report, we demonstrated the use of nanotechnology to modify existing clinically-approved drugs and enhance their efficacy against pathogenic amoebae. Given the lack of development of novel drugs, this is a viable approach in the treatment of neglected diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles
  11. Potential Biomedical Applications of Terbium-Based Nanoparticles (TbNPs): A Review on Recent Advancement
    Mohanto S, Biswas A, Gholap AD, Wahab S, Bhunia A, Nag S, et al.
    ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 2024 May 13;10(5):2703-2724.
    PMID: 38644798 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01969
    The scientific world is increasingly focusing on rare earth metal oxide nanomaterials due to their consequential biological prospects, navigated by breakthroughs in biomedical applications. Terbium belongs to rare earth elements (lanthanide series) and possesses remarkably strong luminescence at lower energy emission and signal transduction properties, ushering in wide applications for diagnostic measurements (i.e., bioimaging, biosensors, fluorescence imaging, etc.) in the biomedical sectors. In addition, the theranostic applications of terbium-based nanoparticles further permit the targeted delivery of drugs to the specific site of the disease. Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties of terbium nanoparticles induced via reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause oxidative damage to the cell membrane and nuclei of living organisms, ion release, and surface charge interaction, thus further creating or exhibiting excellent antioxidant characteristics. Moreover, the recent applications of terbium nanoparticles in tissue engineering, wound healing, anticancer activity, etc., due to angiogenesis, cell proliferation, promotion of growth factors, biocompatibility, cytotoxicity mitigation, and anti-inflammatory potentials, make this nanoparticle anticipate a future epoch of nanomaterials. Terbium nanoparticles stand as a game changer in the realm of biomedical research, proffering a wide array of possibilities, from revolutionary imaging techniques to advanced drug delivery systems. Their unique properties, including luminescence, magnetic characteristics, and biocompatibility, have redefined the boundaries of what can be achieved in biomedicine. This review primarily delves into various mechanisms involved in biomedical applications via terbium-based nanoparticles due to their physicochemical characteristics. This review article further explains the potential biomedical applications of terbium nanoparticles with in-depth significant mechanisms from the individual literature. This review additionally stands as the first instance to furnish a "single-platted" comprehensive acquaintance of terbium nanoparticles in shaping the future of healthcare as well as potential limitations and overcoming strategies that require exploration before being trialed in clinical settings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/therapeutic use; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry
  12. Immunochromatographic gold-based test strip for rapid detection of Infectious bursal disease virus antibodies
    Nurulfiza I, Hair-Bejo M, Omar AR, Aini I
    J Vet Diagn Invest, 2011 Mar;23(2):320-4.
    PMID: 21398455
    The immunochromatographic assay is an alternative method for simple and rapid detection of Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in chickens using colloidal gold-antibody conjugate. The whole-virus antigen of IBDV (UPM04190 isolate) and the high-affinity polyclonal antibodies directed against IBDV were blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes for test and control lines, respectively. Evaluation of the strip was performed using serum samples from experimentally and naturally infected chickens. The results showed that the test strip was more sensitive than the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) because it could detect a dilution factor up to 120,000 (250 ELISA units) for positive samples. It was also specific, in that it detected IBDV antibodies and did not cross-react with antibodies to other chicken viruses. The method was rapid (2 min) in both clinical and field environments with samples needing only a minimum amount (50 µl) of blood to produce an acceptable detection signal. The pen-site test strip proved successful in monitoring the immune status of chickens against the IBDV infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry
  13. Novel combination of zero-valent Cu and Ag nanoparticles @ cellulose acetate nanocomposite for the reduction of 4-nitro phenol
    Khan FU, Asimullah, Khan SB, Kamal T, Asiri AM, Khan IU, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2017 Sep;102:868-877.
    PMID: 28428128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.062
    A very simple and low-cost procedure has been adopted to synthesize efficient copper (Cu), silver (Ag) and copper-silver (Cu-Ag) mixed nanoparticles on the surface of pure cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose acetate-copper oxide nanocomposite (CA-CuO). All nanoparticles loaded onto CA and CA-CuO presented excellent catalytic ability, but Cu-Ag nanoparticles loaded onto CA-CuO (Cu0-Ag0/CA-CuO) exhibited outstanding catalytic efficiency to convert 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) into 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in the presence of NaBH4. Additionally, the Cu0-Ag0/CA-CuO can be easily recovered by removing the sheet from the reaction media, and can be recycled several times, maintaining high catalytic ability for four cycles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  14. Biosynthesis, Characterization and Biological Activities of Silver Nanoparticles from Pogostemon cablin Benth. Methanolic Leaf Extract
    Qing S, Shoutian Q, Hongyan G, Ming Y, Swamy MK, Sinniah UR, et al.
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2019 07 01;19(7):4109-4115.
    PMID: 30764978 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2019.16282
    This study reports the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using methanolic leaf extract of Pogostemon cablin Benth. (Patchouli) as a reducing agent, and their potent biological (antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer) activities. The P. cablin extract when exposed to silver nitrate reduced silver ions to form crystalline AgNPs within 1 h of incubation at room-temperature. UV-visible spectra showed a sharp surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at around 430 nm for the biosynthesized AgNPs and the XRD pattern indicated the crystalline planes of the face centered cubic silver. The FE-SEM analysis revealed the occurrence of predominant spherical shaped AgNPs with a huge disparity in their particle size distribution with an average size of 25 nm, while, the FTIR data confirmed the bio-reduction and capping of AgNPs by several phytocompounds present in the methanolic leaf extract. AgNPs effectively inhibited the growth of all the tested human pathogenic bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli), while, the methanolic leaf extract failed to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. AgNPs showed the highest free radical scavenging activity (79.0 ± 0.76%) compared to methanolic leaf extract (68.3 ± 0.68%) at 100 μg/ml. Further, the cytotoxicity study using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) confirmed that AgNPs successfully inhibited the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29) in a dose dependent manner. At higher concentrations (500 μg/ml), only 4% of cells survived after 72 hrs of exposure with IC50 value of 120 μg/ml. Thus, these findings offer a new source of biomolecules with diverse biological activities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles*
  15. Fulltext Oxidative stress cytotoxicity induced by platinum-doped magnesia nanoparticles in cancer cells
    Al-Fahdawi MQ, Al-Doghachi FAJ, Abdullah QK, Hammad RT, Rasedee A, Ibrahim WN, et al.
    Biomed Pharmacother, 2021 Jun;138:111483.
    PMID: 33744756 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111483
    The aim of this study was to prepare, characterize, and determine the in vitro anticancer effects of platinum-doped magnesia (Pt/MgO) nanoparticles. The chemical compositions, functional groups, and size of nanoparticles were determined using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Pt/MgO nanoparticles were cuboid and in the nanosize range of 30-50 nm. The cytotoxicity of Pt/MgO nanoparticles was determined via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay on the human lung and colonic cancer cells (A549 and HT29 respectively) and normal human lung and colonic fibroblasts cells (MRC-5 and CCD-18Co repectively). The Pt/MgO nanoparticles were relatively innocuous to normal cells. Pt/MgO nanoparticles downregulated Bcl-2 and upregulated Bax and p53 tumor suppressor proteins in the cancer cells. Pt/MgO nanoparticles also induced production of reactive oxygen species, decreased cellular glutathione level, and increased lipid peroxidation. Thus, the anticancer effects of Pt/MgO nanoparticles were attributed to the induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The study showed the potential of Pt/MgO nanoparticles as an anti-cancer compound.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/toxicity*
  16. Bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles against propagation of Clavibacter michiganensis infection in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill
    Rivas-Cáceres RR, Luis Stephano-Hornedo J, Lugo J, Vaca R, Del Aguila P, Yañez-Ocampo G, et al.
    Microb Pathog, 2018 Feb;115:358-362.
    PMID: 29305184 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.075
    This study explored the use of silver nanoparticle as a bactericidal against the propagation of Clavibacter michiganensis onto tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). In Mexico, tomato production covers about 73% of the total vegetable production but it is affected by outbreak of bacteria canker caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subspecies michiganensis (Cmm). Silver ions possess inhibitor properties, bactericides and high specter antimicrobials. In this study, 6 groups of culture were prepared using 6 different petri dishes where silver nanoparticles of varying concentrations (120, 84, 48, 24, 12 and 0 μg) were added. Furthermore, each group was observed for 20 min, 1, 2, 12 and 24 h. The optimum concentration is 84 μg, which shows an average of 2 Cmm colonies after 20 min. Further increase to 120 μg shows no significant change. However, the average colonies was observed for 48 μg after 1, 2, 12, and 24 h. The obtained results indicate that silver nanoparticles are a promising inhibitor, bactericide and high a specter antimicrobial for treatment or prevention of Cmm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  17. Fulltext The Photocatalytic Effects of Modified Hydrothermal Nanotitania Extraction on the Skin and Behavior of Sprague-Dawley Rats
    Harun AM, Awang H, Noor NFM, Makhatar NM, Yusoff ME, Affandi NDN, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2021;2021:6173143.
    PMID: 34859102 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6173143
    BACKGROUND: Potential antibacterial substances, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), are being extensively studied throughout the research world. A modified hydrothermal nanotitania extraction was shown to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus growth in the laboratory. However, the toxicity effect of the extract on rats is unknown. In this study, we observed the effects of a modified hydrothermal nanotitania extraction on the skin and behavior of Sprague-Dawley rats.

    METHODS: Sprague-Dawley (Rattus norvegicus) rats were used as the experimental animals. The skin around the dorsum of the tested animals was shaved and pasted with 0.1 mg and 0.5 mg of the nanotitania extraction. The color and condition of the pasted area and the behavior of the animals were observed.

    RESULTS: 0.1 mg nanotitania extraction application on the dorsum of the rat produced no skin color changes at day 1, day 3, day 5, or day 7 postapplication. There were no changes in their behavior up to day 7 with no skin rashes or skin scratches seen or fur changes. However, 0.5 mg of nanotitania extraction resulted in redness and less fur regrowth at day 7.

    CONCLUSIONS: A 0.1 mg modified nanotitania extraction was observed to have no effect on the skin of Sprague-Dawley rats.

    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/administration & dosage; Metal Nanoparticles/toxicity; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry
  18. Predicting the fluorescent enhancement rate by gold and silver nanospheres using finite-difference time-domain analysis
    Centeno A, Xie F, Alford N
    IET Nanobiotechnol, 2013 Jun;7(2):50-8.
    PMID: 24046905
    Metal-induced fluorescence enhancement (MIFE) is a promising strategy for increasing the sensitivity of fluorophores used in biological sensors. This study uses the finite-difference time-domain technique to predict the fluorescent enhancement rate of a fluorophore molecule in close proximity to a gold or silver spherical nanoparticle. By considering commercially available fluorescent dyes the computed results are compared with the published experimental data. The results show that MIFE is a complex coupling process between the fluorophore molecule and the metal nanoparticle. Nevertheless using computational electromagnetic techniques to perform calculations it is possible to calculate, with reasonable accuracy, the fluorescent enhancement. Using this methodology it will be possible to consider different shaped metal nanoparticles and any supporting substrate material in the future, an important step in building reliable biosensors capable of detecting low levels of proteins tagged with fluorescence molecules.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry
  19. Fulltext Effect of nanoshell geometries, sizes, and quantum emitter parameters on the sensitivity of plasmon-exciton hybrid nanoshells for sensing application
    Firoozi A, Amphawan A, Khordad R, Mohammadi A, Jalali T, Edet CO, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2023 Jul 13;13(1):11325.
    PMID: 37443203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38475-1
    A proposed nanosensor based on hybrid nanoshells consisting of a core of metal nanoparticles and a coating of molecules is simulated by plasmon-exciton coupling in semi classical approach. We study the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with multilevel atoms in a way that takes into account both the spatial and the temporal dependence of the local fields. Our approach has a wide range of applications, from the description of pulse propagation in two-level media to the elaborate simulation of optoelectronic devices, including sensors. We have numerically solved the corresponding system of coupled Maxwell-Liouville equations using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method for different geometries. Plasmon-exciton hybrid nanoshells with different geometries are designed and simulated, which shows more sensitive to environment refractive index (RI) than nanosensor based on localized surface plasmon. The effects of nanoshell geometries, sizes, and quantum emitter parameters on the sensitivity of nanosensors to changes in the RI of the environment were investigated. It was found that the cone-like nanoshell with a silver core and quantum emitter shell had the highest sensitivity. The tapered shape of the cone like nanoshell leads to a higher density of plasmonic excitations at the tapered end of the nanoshell. Under specific conditions, two sharp, deep LSPR peaks were evident in the scattering data. These distinguishing features are valuable as signatures in nanosensors requiring fast, noninvasive response.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles*
  20. Fulltext Robust Synthesis of Ciprofloxacin-Capped Metallic Nanoparticles and Their Urease Inhibitory Assay
    Nisar M, Khan SA, Qayum M, Khan A, Farooq U, Jaafar HZ, et al.
    Molecules, 2016 Mar 25;21(4):411.
    PMID: 27023506 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040411
    The fluoroquinolone antibacterial drug ciprofloxacin (cip) has been used to cap metallic (silver and gold) nanoparticles by a robust one pot synthetic method under optimized conditions, using NaBH₄ as a mild reducing agent. Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) showed constancy against variations in pH, table salt (NaCl) solution, and heat. Capping with metal ions (Ag/Au-cip) has significant implications for the solubility, pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of fluoroquinolone molecules. The metallic nanoparticles were characterized by several techniques such as ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) methods. The nanoparticles synthesized using silver and gold were subjected to energy dispersive X-ray tests in order to show their metallic composition. The NH moiety of the piperazine group capped the Ag/Au surfaces, as revealed by spectroscopic studies. The synthesized nanoparticles were also assessed for urease inhibition potential. Fascinatingly, both Ag-cip and Au-cip NPs exhibited significant urease enzyme inhibitory potential, with IC50 = 1.181 ± 0.02 µg/mL and 52.55 ± 2.3 µg/mL, compared to ciprofloxacin (IC50 = 82.95 ± 1.62 µg/mL). MNPs also exhibited significant antibacterial activity against selected bacterial strains.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/administration & dosage*; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry
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