Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 60 in total

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  1. Congenital cyanotic heart disease with situs inversus totalis: an autopsy case report
    Dayapala A, Kumar V
    Am J Forensic Med Pathol, 2009 Jun;30(2):171-4.
    PMID: 19465810 DOI: 10.1097/PAF.0b013e3181875a79
    Sudden deaths because of congenital heart diseases are infrequently referred to the forensic pathologist for autopsy. Many of such deaths, if already diagnosed are released directly from the hospital without autopsy. Even forensic pathologists face a few difficulties in performing the autopsy on such infrequent cases, as they are not always updated with the anatomy of anomalies. While dealing with such cases, the concerned forensic pathologist is compelled to refer literature and textbooks again to understand the nature of developmental defects. This is especially so when dealing with cases of situs inversus accompanied by transposition of great arteries and other congenital cardiac abnormalities and variants such as single ventricle, double outlet right ventricle, Taussig-Bing variety etc. In the present case also, situs inversus with transposition of great vessels and other anomalies have been noted and studied.
    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardium/pathology*
  2. Review on CFD simulation in heart with dilated cardiomyopathy and myocardial infarction
    Chan BT, Lim E, Chee KH, Abu Osman NA
    Comput Biol Med, 2013 May;43(4):377-85.
    PMID: 23428371 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.01.013
    The heart is a sophisticated functional organ that plays a crucial role in the blood circulatory system. Hemodynamics within the heart chamber can be indicative of exert cardiac health. Due to the limitations of current cardiac imaging modalities, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have been widely used for the purposes of cardiac function assessment and heart disease diagnosis, as they provide detailed insights into the cardiac flow field. An understanding of ventricular hemodynamics and pathological severities can be gained through studies that employ the CFD method. In this research the hemodynamics of two common myocardial diseases, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and myocardial infarction (MI) were investigated, during both the filling phase and the whole cardiac cycle, through a prescribed geometry and fluid structure interaction (FSI) approach. The results of the research indicated that early stage disease identification and the improvement of cardiac assisting devices and therapeutic procedures can be facilitated through the use of the CFD method.
    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardium/pathology
  3. Cardiac sarcoidosis: two cases with autopsy findings
    Wan Muhaizan WM, Swaminathan M, Daud MS
    Malays J Pathol, 2004 Jun;26(1):59-63.
    PMID: 16196153
    Cardiac sarcoidosis is a disease of young adults. In most cases it presents with sudden death, arrhythmias, conduction disorders, heart failure or cardiomyopathy. The authors describe two cases of myocardial involvement by sarcoidosis that lead to death of the patients. Case one was a 26-year-old Indian man who was previously well and presented with sudden death. Autopsy showed nodules of sarcoid granuloma involving the heart, lungs and lymph nodes. Case two was a 47-year-old Indian lady who complained of reduced effort tolerance. Echocardiography showed that she had restrictive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with heart failure. Seven months after initial presentation, she developed worsening of heart failure and died. Autopsy revealed involvement of the heart, lungs and liver by sarcoidosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardium/pathology
  4. Fulltext Congestive Heart Failure Leads to Prolongation of the PR Interval and Atrioventricular Junction Enlargement and Ion Channel Remodelling in the Rabbit
    Nikolaidou T, Cai XJ, Stephenson RS, Yanni J, Lowe T, Atkinson AJ, et al.
    PLoS One, 2015;10(10):e0141452.
    PMID: 26509807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141452
    Heart failure is a major killer worldwide. Atrioventricular conduction block is common in heart failure; it is associated with worse outcomes and can lead to syncope and bradycardic death. We examine the effect of heart failure on anatomical and ion channel remodelling in the rabbit atrioventricular junction (AVJ). Heart failure was induced in New Zealand rabbits by disruption of the aortic valve and banding of the abdominal aorta resulting in volume and pressure overload. Laser micro-dissection and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were employed to investigate the effects of heart failure on ion channel remodelling in four regions of the rabbit AVJ and in septal tissues. Investigation of the AVJ anatomy was performed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Heart failure animals developed first degree heart block. Heart failure caused ventricular myocardial volume increase with a 35% elongation of the AVJ. There was downregulation of HCN1 and Cx43 mRNA transcripts across all regions and downregulation of Cav1.3 in the transitional tissue. Cx40 mRNA was significantly downregulated in the atrial septum and AVJ tissues but not in the ventricular septum. mRNA abundance for ANP, CLCN2 and Navβ1 was increased with heart failure; Nav1.1 was increased in the inferior nodal extension/compact node area. Heart failure in the rabbit leads to prolongation of the PR interval and this is accompanied by downregulation of HCN1, Cav1.3, Cx40 and Cx43 mRNAs and anatomical enlargement of the entire heart and AVJ.
    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardium/pathology*
  5. Microscopical atrial amyloidosis in chronic heart disease
    Looi LM
    Histopathology, 1981 Nov;5(6):615-22.
    PMID: 7319480
    Nineteen out of 121 consecutive cardiac biopsies from 107 patients were found to contain amyloid deposits on routine Congo red screening. Seventeen were left atrial appendages removed during mitral valvotomy for chronic rheumatic mitral valve disease while the remaining two were right atrial appendages excised during surgical repair of atrial septal defects. The distribution of amyloid deposits within the atria and their tinctorial characteristics are described. The high prevalence of atrial amyloidosis observed could not be attributed to generalized or senile amyloidosis. The possibility that this is a distinctive localized form of amyloidosis secondary to chronic heart disease is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardium/pathology*
  6. Fulltext Autopsy findings in 35 cases of leprosy in Malaysia
    Jayalakshmi P, Looi LM, Lim KJ, Rajogopalan K
    Int. J. Lepr. Other Mycobact. Dis., 1987 Sep;55(3):510-4.
    PMID: 3655465
    The findings of autopsies performed on 35 leprosy subjects in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, between January 1981 and December 1985 are presented. This is the first report based on autopsy findings from Malaysia. The patients were elderly subjects with a mean age of 74 years. Sixty-six percent had lepromatous leprosy. None had active skin lesions. The most common cause of death was pyogenic infection, particularly bronchopneumonia. Tuberculosis was noted in 25% of the cases. The other important causes of death included cardiac and renal failure. Renal lesions were evident in 71% of the cases, and the most common pathology was interstitial nephritis. Generalized amyloidosis complicated six (17%) patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardium/pathology
  7. Paper microfluidic device for early diagnosis and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction via quantitative multiplex cardiac biomarker detection
    Lim WY, Thevarajah TM, Goh BT, Khor SM
    Biosens Bioelectron, 2019 Mar 01;128:176-185.
    PMID: 30685097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.12.049
    The early detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) upon the onset of chest pain symptoms is crucial for patient survival. However, this detection is challenging, particularly without a persistent elevation of ST-segment reflected in an electrocardiogram or in blood tests. A majority of the available point-of-care testing devices allow accurate and rapid diagnosis of AMI. However, AMI diagnosis is reliable only at intermediate and later stages, with myocardial injury (> 6 h) and MI, based on the expression of specific cardiac biomarkers including troponin I or T (cTnI or cTnT), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and myoglobin. Diagnosis at the early myocardial ischemia stage is not possible. To overcome this limitation, a sensitive and rapid microfluidic paper-based device (µPAD) was developed for the simultaneous detection of multiple cardiac biomarkers for the early and late diagnosis of AMI. The glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (GPBB) was detected during early (within first 4 h) ischemic myocardial injury. On the same µPAD platform, detection of prolonged elevation of levels of cTnT and CK-MB, which are only produced 6 h after the onset of chest pain in human serum, was possible. Sandwich immunoassay performed on the µPAD achieved reproducibility (RSD approximately 10% and intra-and inter-day precision (CV 10-20%, 99th percentile), as well as consistently stable test results for 28 days, with strong correlation (r2= 0.962), using the standard Siemens Centaur XPT Immunoassay system. The present findings indicate the potential of the µPAD platform as a point-of-care device for the early diagnosis and prognosis of AMI.
    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardium/pathology
  8. Amyloidosis in Malaysian aborigines (Orang Asli)
    Looi LM, Prathap K
    Pathology, 1979 Oct;11(4):575-82.
    PMID: 93739
    Material from 334 consecutive autopsies on Orang Asli subjects performed in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur between May 1967 and June 1978 was examined for amyloidosis. Nine positive cases were found, all in patients above 40 years of age, giving an age-corrected incidence of about 9%. In 6 cases, amyloidosis was probably secondary to tuberculosis. The remaining 3 cases exhibited a pericollagenous distribution characteristic of primary amyloidosis. Involvement of the heart and lungs was prominent. However, there were considerable similarities in the distribution and staining properties of the amyloid in the 2 groups. Though both the heart and kidney were frequently affected, the kidney was the most common organ to give rise to clinical symptoms. Infection probably plays a major contributory role in amyloidosis in the Orang Asli.
    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardium/pathology
  9. Fulltext The protective effects of Mucuna pruriens seed extract against histopathological changes induced by Malayan cobra (Naja sputatrix) venom in rats
    Fung SY, Tan NH, Liew SH, Sim SM, Aguiyi JC
    Trop Biomed, 2009 Apr;26(1):80-4.
    PMID: 19696731
    Seed of Mucuna pruriens (Velvet beans) has been prescribed by traditional medicine practitioners in Nigeria as a prophylactic oral antisnake remedy. In the present studies, we investigated the protective effects of M. pruriens seed extract (MPE) against histopathological changes induced by intravenous injection of Naja sputatrix (Malayan cobra) venom in rats pretreated with the seed extract. Examination by light microscope revealed that the venom induced histopathological changes in heart and blood vessels in liver, but no effect on brain, lung, kidney and spleen. The induced changes were prevented by pretreatment of the rats with MPE. Our results suggest that MPE pretreatment protects rat heart and liver blood vessels against cobra venom-induced damages.
    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardium/pathology*
  10. Hemodynamic effects of HPMA copolymer based doxorubicin conjugate: A randomized controlled and comparative spectral study in conscious rats
    Cheah HY, Šarenac O, Arroyo JJ, Vasić M, Lozić M, Glumac S, et al.
    Nanotoxicology, 2017 03;11(2):210-222.
    PMID: 28098511 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1285071
    Conjugation of Doxorubicin (DOX) to N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methylacrylamide copolymer (HPMA) has significantly reduced the DOX-associated cardiotoxicity. However, the reports on the impact of HPMA-DOX conjugates on the cardiovascular system such as blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were in restrained animals using tail cuff and/or other methods that lacked the resolution and sensitivity. Herein, we employed radiotelemetric-spectral-echocardiography approach to further understand the in vivo cardiovascular hemodynamics and variability post administration of free DOX and HPMA-DOX. Rats implanted with radio-telemetry device were administered intravenously with DOX (5 mg/kg), HPMA-DOX (5 mg DOX equivalent/kg) and HPMA copolymer and subjected to continuous cardiovascular monitoring and echocardiography for 140 days. We found that DOX-treated rats had ruffled fur, reduced body weight (BW) and a low survival rate. Although BP and HR were normal, spectral analysis indicated that their BP and HR variabilities were reduced. All rats exhibited typical signs of cardiotoxicity at histopathology. In contrast, HPMA-DOX rats gained weight over time and survived. Although BP, HR and related variabilities were unaffected, the left ventricular end diastolic volume (EDV) of these rats, as well as of the HPMA copolymer-treated rats, was found increased at the end of observation period. Additionally, HPMA copolymer caused microscopic injury of the heart tissue. All of these suggest the necessity of caution when employing HPMA as carrier for prolonged drug delivery. The current study also indicates the potential of radiotelemetric-spectral-echocardiography approach for improved preclinical cardiovascular risk assessment of polymer-drug conjugate and other nano-sized-drug constructs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardium/pathology
  11. Assessing regional left ventricular thickening dysfunction and dyssynchrony via personalized modeling and 3D wall thickness measurements for acute myocardial infarction
    Khalid A, Lim E, Chan BT, Abdul Aziz YF, Chee KH, Yap HJ, et al.
    J Magn Reson Imaging, 2019 04;49(4):1006-1019.
    PMID: 30211445 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26302
    BACKGROUND: Existing clinical diagnostic and assessment methods could be improved to facilitate early detection and treatment of cardiac dysfunction associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) to reduce morbidity and mortality.

    PURPOSE: To develop 3D personalized left ventricular (LV) models and thickening assessment framework for assessing regional wall thickening dysfunction and dyssynchrony in AMI patients.

    STUDY TYPE: Retrospective study, diagnostic accuracy.

    SUBJECTS: Forty-four subjects consisting of 15 healthy subjects and 29 AMI patients.

    FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 1.5T/steady-state free precession cine MRI scans; LGE MRI scans.

    ASSESSMENT: Quantitative thickening measurements across all cardiac phases were correlated and validated against clinical evaluation of infarct transmurality by an experienced cardiac radiologist based on the American Heart Association (AHA) 17-segment model.

    STATISTICAL TEST: Nonparametric 2-k related sample-based Kruskal-Wallis test; Mann-Whitney U-test; Pearson's correlation coefficient.

    RESULTS: Healthy LV wall segments undergo significant wall thickening (P Myocardium with thick infarct (ie, >50% transmurality) underwent remarkable wall thinning during contraction (thickening index [TI] = 1.46 ± 0.26 mm) as opposed to healthy myocardium (TI = 4.01 ± 1.04 mm). For AMI patients, LV that showed signs of thinning were found to be associated with a significantly higher percentage of dyssynchrony as compared with healthy subjects (dyssynchrony index [DI] = 15.0 ± 5.0% vs. 7.5 ± 2.0%, P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardium/pathology
  12. Protective effects of the standardized extract of Zingiber officinale on myocardium against isoproterenol-induced biochemical and histopathological alterations in rats
    Amran AZ, Jantan I, Dianita R, Buang F
    Pharm Biol, 2015;53(12):1795-802.
    PMID: 25868620 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1008147
    CONTEXT: Ginger [Zingiber officinale Roscoe. (Zingiberaceae)] has been universally used as a spice as well as for its health benefits.

    OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluates the protective effect of the standardized extract of ginger against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar rats were pretreated orally with three doses of standardized ginger extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of body weight) or propranolol (5 mg/mL) for 28 d prior to ISO (85 mg/kg) induced MI in two doses on days 29 and 30. The rats were sacrificed 48 h after the first induction; serum and hearts were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis.

    RESULTS: Gingerols and shogaols were identified and quantitatively analyzed in the extracts using validated reversed phase HPLC methods. Pretreatment with ginger extract at 400 mg/kg showed a significant decrease (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardium/pathology
  13. Fulltext Up Regulation of cystathione γ lyase and Hydrogen Sulphide in the Myocardium Inhibits the Progression of Isoproterenol-Caffeine Induced Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Wistar Kyoto Rats
    Ahmad A, Sattar MA, Rathore HA, Abdulla MH, Khan SA, Azam M, et al.
    PLoS One, 2016;11(3):e0150137.
    PMID: 26963622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150137
    Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is an emerging molecule in many cardiovascular complications but its role in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is unknown. The present study explored the effect of exogenous H2S administration in the regression of LVH by modulating oxidative stress, arterial stiffness and expression of cystathione γ lyase (CSE) in the myocardium. Animals were divided into four groups: Control, LVH, Control-H2S and LVH-H2S. LVH was induced by administering isoprenaline (5mg/kg, every 72 hours, S/C) and caffeine in drinking water (62mg/L) for 2 weeks. Intraperitoneal NaHS, 56μM/kg/day for 5 weeks, was given as an H2S donor. Myocardial expression of Cystathione γ lyase (CSE) mRNA was quantified using real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).There was a 3 fold reduction in the expression of myocardial CSE mRNA in LVH but it was up regulated by 7 and 4 fold in the Control-H2S and LVH-H2S myocardium, respectively. Systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse wave velocity were reduced (all P<0.05) in LVH-H2S when compared to the LVH group. Heart, LV weight, myocardial thickness were reduced while LV internal diameter was increased (all P<0.05) in the LVH-H2S when compared to the LVH group. Exogenous administration of H2S in LVH increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione and total antioxidant capacity but significantly reduced (all P<0.05) plasma malanodialdehyde in the LVH-H2S compared to the LVH group. The renal cortical blood perfusion increased by 40% in LVH-H2S as compared to the LVH group. Exogenous administration of H2S suppressed the progression of LVH which was associated with an up regulation of myocardial CSE mRNA/ H2S and a reduction in pulse wave velocity with a blunting of systemic hemodynamic. This CSE/H2S pathway exhibits an antihypertrophic role by antagonizing the hypertrophic actions of angiotensin II(Ang II) and noradrenaline (NA) but attenuates oxidative stress and improves pulse wave velocity which helps to suppress LVH. Exogenous administration of H2S augmented the reduced renal cortical blood perfusion in the LVH state.
    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardium/pathology
  14. Fulltext Myocardial Viability Imaging using Manganese-Enhanced MRI in the First Hours after Myocardial Infarction
    Jasmin NH, Thin MZ, Johnson RD, Jackson LH, Roberts TA, David AL, et al.
    Adv Sci (Weinh), 2021 Jun;8(11):e2003987.
    PMID: 34105284 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003987
    Early measurements of tissue viability after myocardial infarction (MI) are essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning but are challenging to obtain. Here, manganese, a calcium analogue and clinically approved magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, is used as an imaging biomarker of myocardial viability in the first hours after experimental MI. Safe Mn2+ dosing is confirmed by measuring in vitro beating rates, calcium transients, and action potentials in cardiomyocytes, and in vivo heart rates and cardiac contractility in mice. Quantitative T1 mapping-manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) reveals elevated and increasing Mn2+ uptake in viable myocardium remote from the infarct, suggesting MEMRI offers a quantitative biomarker of cardiac inotropy. MEMRI evaluation of infarct size at 1 h, 1 and 14 days after MI quantifies myocardial viability earlier than the current gold-standard technique, late-gadolinium-enhanced MRI. These data, coupled with the re-emergence of clinical Mn2+ -based contrast agents open the possibility of using MEMRI for direct evaluation of myocardial viability early after ischemic onset in patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardium/pathology
  15. Therapeutic evaluation and metabolic reprograming of isosteviol sodium in a rat model of ischemic cardiomyopathy
    Cao Y, Lu Z, Wang D, Tan KS, Liu W, Wu Q, et al.
    Eur J Pharmacol, 2021 Nov 15;911:174539.
    PMID: 34599913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174539
    Ischemia heart disease, one of the lethal cardiovascular diseases, irreversibly impairs cardiac function and is recognized as the primary risk factor for mortality in industrialized countries. The myocardial ischemia treatment still faces a considerable degree of increasing unmet needs. Isosteviol sodium (STVNa) and its derivatives have been proven to effectively alleviate metabolic diseases, hypertension, and heart hypertrophy. Little is known about how STVNa confers the cardioprotective effect during acute myocardial ischemia (AMI). In the present study, a rat model of acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial ischemia by left anterior descending (LAD) ligation was established. Compared to the AMI model group, STVNa administration (4 mg/kg, twice a day) well preserved left ventricle function by ejection fraction (45.10 ± 10.39 vs. 73.64 ± 13.15, p = 0.0013) and fractional shortening (22.94 ± 6.28 vs. 44.00 ± 11.05, p = 0.0017). Further analysis shows that high-dose STVNa (4 mg/kg) significantly improved the hemodynamics in AMI rats, with LVSP (88.25 ± 12.78 vs 99.75 ± 5.10, p = 0.018), max dP/dt (2978.45 ± 832.46 vs 4048.56 ± 827.23, p = 0.096), LVEDP (19.88 ± 2.00 vs 22.26 ± 3.21, p = 0.04) and left ventricular relaxation time constant (Tau) (0.030 ± 0.006 vs 0.021 ± 0.004, p = 0.021). Mechanically, STVNa administration retained the myocardial levels of phosphorylated AMPK, and CPT1b. Moreover, STVNa significantly increased the total energy expenditure, and reduced fatty acid accumulation through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, which was supported by the indirect calorimetry and cellular energy analysis. Taken together, these findings suggest that STVNa is a potential cardioprotection agent for ischemic cardiomyopathy, likely through improving energy homeostasis, left ventricular hemodynamics, and heart function.
    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardium/pathology
  16. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Cardiac and Liver Iron Overload in Adults with Thalassemia in Malaysia
    Ngim CF, Lee MY, Othman N, Lim SM, Ng CS, Ramadas A
    Hemoglobin, 2019 Mar;43(2):95-100.
    PMID: 31179787 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2019.1599906
    We explored the severity and risk factors for cardiac and liver iron overload (IOL) in 69 thalassemia patients who underwent T2* magnetic resonance imaging (T2* MRI) in a Malaysian tertiary hospital from 2011 to 2015. Fifty-three patients (76.8%) had transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and 16 (23.2%) had non transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT). Median serum ferritin prior to T2* MRI was 3848.0 μg/L (TDT) and 3971.0 μg/L (NTDT). Cardiac IOL was present in 16 (30.2%) TDT patients and two (12.5%) NTDT patients, in whom severe cardiac IOL defined as T2* <10 ms affected six (11.3%) TDT patients. Liver IOL was present in 51 (96.2%) TDT and 16 (100%) NTDT patients, 37 (69.8%) TDT and 13 (81.3%) NTDT patients were in the most severe category (>15 mgFe/gm dry weight). Serum ferritin showed a significantly strong negative correlation with liver T2* in both TDT (rs = -0.507, p = 0.001) and NTDT (r = -0.762, p = 0.002) but no correlation to cardiac T2* in TDT (r = -0.252, p = 0.099) as well as NTDT (r = -0.457, p = 0.100). For the TDT group, regression analysis showed that cardiac IOL was more severe in males (p = 0.022) and liver IOL was more severe in the Malay ethnic group (p = 0.028) and those with higher serum ferritin levels (p = 0.030). The high prevalence of IOL in our study and the poor correlation between serum ferritin and cardiac T2* underline the need to routinely screen thalassemia patients using T2* MRI to enable the early detection of cardiac IOL.
    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardium/pathology
  17. Histopathological studies of cardiac lesions after long term administration of methamphetamine in high dosage--Part II
    Islam MN, Jesmine K, Kong Sn Molh A, Hasnan J
    Leg Med (Tokyo), 2009 Apr;11 Suppl 1:S147-50.
    PMID: 19345131 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2009.02.035
    A small amount of Methamphetamine (MA) can produce behavioural changes such as euphoria, increased alertness, paranoia, decreased appetite and increased physical activity. In cardiovascular system, it can produce chest pain and hypertension which can result in cardiovascular collapse. In addition, MA causes accelerated heartbeat, elevated blood pressure. It can also cause irreversible damage to blood vessels in the brain. A number of sympathomimetic amines are capable of causing myocardial damage, but the cardio-toxic action of MA has been of particular interest since standardized dosage consistently produces myocardial lesions. As this drug is a choice of many teenagers and young adults, the damage to their health, as well as their future aspects could be greatly affected, therefore more evidence must be sought to convince them the negative root and show them the optimism of recovery and salvation. To clarify the effect of Methamphetamine (MA) on myocardium, 56 male Wister rats aged four weeks were divided equally into MA, Methamphetamine withdrawal (MW), Placebo (P) and Control (C) group were examined following daily intra-peritoneal administration of MA at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight for 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Normal saline was similarly injected in P group. Light microscopic changes was seen in the myocardium of MA treated group including eosinophilic degeneration, atrophy, hypertrophy, disarray, edema, cellular infiltration, myolysis, granulation tissue, fibrosis and vacuolization. On the other hand, the withdrawal group showed evidence of gradual recovery of those myocardial changes. Optimism is therefore generated about possibility of returning towards normal by withdrawing of this drug by the addicts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardium/pathology*
  18. Giant cell myocarditis with cardiac tamponade: a rare combination
    Murty OP
    Am J Forensic Med Pathol, 2008 Sep;29(3):245-8.
    PMID: 18725781 DOI: 10.1097/PAF.0b013e318183d55f
    Giant cell myocarditis (GCM) is a rare but fatal disease of idiopathic origin. It results in focal necrosis of myocardium. This is a case report of middle aged Malaysian Indian female who died due to cardiac tamponade due to rupture myocardium and tear in the root of aorta. On naked eye examination, it simply resembled as recent as well as old fibrotic areas of myocardial infarction. She was clinically diagnosed as a case of obstructive cardiomyopathy with atrioventricular block, and was on pace maker. There was subendocardial fibrosis and left ventricular transmural infarction in the left ventricle. On histopathology, this was diagnosed as GCM, there were widespread areas of inflammatory cellular infiltration within the myocardium with multinucleated giant cells and granulomas interspersed with lymphocytes. Microscopic field showed up to 10 multinucleated giant cells. In this case, there were focal areas at multiple locations and caused uneven thickness in the left ventricle wall. Idiopathic GCM is very rare and causation of hemopericardium is the unique feature of this case. In this case the direct link of GCM with aortitis and rupture of left ventricle wall resulting in hemopericardium is shown. This case is documented through macroscopic as well as microscopic photographs in H&E, Ziel-Nelson, and GMS staining.
    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardium/pathology
  19. Guggulsterone, a farnesoid X receptor antagonist lowers plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide levels: An evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies
    Gautam A, Paudel YN, Abidin S, Bhandari U
    Hum Exp Toxicol, 2019 Mar;38(3):356-370.
    PMID: 30526076 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118817862
    The current study investigated the role of guggulsterone (GS), a farnesoid X receptor antagonist, in the choline metabolism and its trimethylamine (TMA)/flavin monooxygenases/trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) inhibiting potential in a series of in vitro and in vivo studies as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectroscopy (MS), and liquid chromatography (LC)-MS techniques. Atherosclerosis (AS) was successfully induced in a group of experimental animals fed with 2% choline diet for 6 weeks. Serum lipid profiles such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured. Pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, markers for a hepatic injury, and oxidative stress markers were assessed. Interestingly, GS reduced the level of TMA/TMAO in both in vitro and in vivo studies as demonstrated by the peaks obtained from HPLC, MS, and LC-MS. Furthermore, GS exhibited cardioprotective and antihyperlipidemic effects as evidenced by the attenuation of levels of several serum lipid profiles and different atherogenic risk predictor indexes. GS also prevented hepatic injury by successfully restoring the levels of hepatic injury biomarkers to normal. Similarly, GS inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, as well as GS, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and reduced lipid peroxidation. Histopathological study of aortic sections demonstrated that GS maintained the normal architecture in AS-induced rats. On the basis of results obtained from current investigation, we suggest that GS might have a great therapeutic potential for the treatment of AS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardium/pathology
  20. Standardized ethanol-water extract of Ficus deltoidea Angustifolia reduces blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats
    Kamal MSA, Ismail NH, Satar NA, Azis NA, Radjeni Z, Mohammad Noor HS, et al.
    Clin Exp Hypertens, 2019;41(5):444-451.
    PMID: 30648895 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1506467
    Ficus deltoidea is used in Malay traditional medicine for the treatment of a number of disorders, including hypertension. There is, however, no scientific evidence on its anti-hypertensive effects. This study, therefore, investigated the effects of a standardized ethanolic-water extract of Ficus deltoidea Angustifolia (FD-A) on blood pressure (BP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Male SHR with systolic BP of >150 were divided into 4 groups (n = 8) and given either FD-A (800 or 1000 mg kg-1 day-1) or losartan (10 mg kg-1 day-1) or 0.5 ml of distilled water (control) daily for 28 days. BP, body weight, food and water intake, serum and urinary electrolytes, endothelin-1 (ET-1), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system were measured. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with statistical significance set at p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardium/pathology
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