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Erythrocyte indicators of oxidative changes in patients with graded traumatic head injury

Nayak CD, Nayak DM, Raja A, Rao A

Neurol India, 2008 3 4;56(1):31-5.
PMID: 18310834

CONTEXT: Acute oxidative stress following a traumatic head injury (HI) has been implicated in inducing severe secondary brain damage and influencing the clinical outcome of HI patients.
AIMS: This study was performed to evaluate and compare the oxidative changes in patients with varying severity of HI in the early posttraumatic period using erythrocyte indicators.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Head injury patients were divided into two groups based on their Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores recorded at admission to the hospital on the day of trauma itself. Accordingly, the study included 30 severe HI (SHI, GCS scores 8 or less) and 25 Mild HI (MHI, GCS scores more than 8) patients. Thirty age and sex-matched healthy individuals were included in this comparative study as controls.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples were obtained from controls and HI patients (within 24 h of trauma onset). Erythrocyte oxidative changes were studied by estimating thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR).
RESULTS: Erythrocyte TBARS levels were significantly higher and GSH levels were significantly lower in SHI and MHI patients as compared to controls. The SOD activity was significantly increased only in SHI patients and remained unchanged in MHI patients as compared to controls. As compared to MHI patients, erythrocyte TBARS levels were significantly higher, GSH levels were significantly lower and SOD activity was markedly elevated in SHI patients. Erythrocyte GR activity did not show significant changes in both groups of patients as compared to controls.
CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress is evident in both SHI and MHI patients in the early posttraumatic period as reflected by their erythrocyte indicators, but the severity of oxidative stress has varied relatively with the severity of head injury. The present findings provide indications that early oxidative changes could influence the neurological recovery of HI patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/physiology*
An update of the general health status in the indigenous populations of Malaysia

Jinam TA, Phipps ME, Indran M, Kuppusamy UR, Mahmood AA, Hong LC, et al.

Ethn Health, 2008 Jun;13(3):277-87.
PMID: 18568977 DOI: 10.1080/13557850801930478

Health scenarios are constantly evolving, particularly in developing countries but little is known regarding the health status of indigenous groups in Malaysia. This study aims to elucidate the current health status in four indigenous populations in the country, who by and large been left out of mainstream healthcare developments.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/physiology
Protective antioxidant effect of Centella asiatica bioflavonoids on lead acetate induced neurotoxicity

Ponnusamy K, Mohan M, Nagaraja HS

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:102.
PMID: 19025005

Lead (Pb) is a neurotoxic heavy metal and children in the developmental stage are particularly susceptible to toxic effects of lead exposure. The brain is the key organ involved in interpreting and responding to potential stressors. Epidemiological investigations have established the relationship between chronic lead exposure and cognitive impairments in young children. Excessive production of radical species plays an important role in neuronal pathology resulting from excitotoxic insults, therefore one plausible neuroprotective mechanism of bioflavonoids is partly relevant to their metal chelating and antioxidant properties. Centella asiatica (CA) is a tropical medicinal plant enriched with bioflavonoids and triterpenes and selenium, reported to rejuvenate the cells and promote physical and mental health. Bioflavonoids are claimed to be exert antimutagenic, neurotrophic and xenobiotics ameliorating and membrane molecular stabilizing effects. The objective of the present work is to study the protective antioxidant effect of pretreatment of CA extract (CAE) on lead acetate induced changes in oxidative biomarkers in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/drug effects
Fulltext Palm tocotrienol exerted better antioxidant activities in bone than alpha-tocopherol

Maniam S, Mohamed N, Shuid AN, Soelaiman IN

Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol, 2008 Jul;103(1):55-60.
PMID: 18598299 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00241.x

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E on the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rat bones. Fifty-six normal male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 3 months, were randomly divided into seven groups with eight rats in each group. The age-matched control group was given the vehicle olive oil, by oral gavage daily. Six of the treatment groups received either palm tocotrienol or pure alpha-tocopherol at the dose of 30, 60 or 100 mg/kg body weight, by oral gavage daily, 6 days a week for 4 months. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) that is an index to measure the level of lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels were measured in the femur at the end of the study. Palm tocotrienol at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight significantly reduced the TBARS level in the femur with a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase activity compared to the age-matched control group. These were not observed in the alpha-tocopherol groups. Palm tocotrienol was more effective than pure alpha-tocopherol acetate in suppressing lipid peroxidation in bone. Palm tocotrienol showed better protective effect against free radical damage in the femur compared to alpha-tocopherol. This study suggests that palm tocotrienol plays an important role in preventing imbalance in bone metabolism due to free radicals.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/drug effects
Protective effect of Carica papaya L leaf extract against alcohol induced acute gastric damage and blood oxidative stress in rats

Indran M, Mahmood AA, Kuppusamy UR

West Indian Med J, 2008 Sep;57(4):323-6.
PMID: 19566009

The effects of Carica papaya leaf (CPL) aqueous extract on alcohol induced acute gastric damage and the immediate blood oxidative stress level were studied in rats. The results showed that gastric ulcer index was significantly reduced in rats pretreated with CPL extract as compared with alcohol treated controls. The in vitro studies using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picryl-Hydrazyl (DPPH) assay showed strong antioxidant nature of CPL extract. Biochemical analysis indicated that the acute alcohol induced damage is reflected in the alterations of blood oxidative indices and CPL extract offered some protection with reduction in plasma lipid peroxidation level and increased erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity. Carica papaya leaf may potentially serve as a good therapeutic agent for protection against gastric ulcer and oxidative stress.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/drug effects*
Effects of cocoa extract on glucometabolism, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzymes in obese-diabetic (Ob-db) rats

Jalil AM, Ismail A, Pei CP, Hamid M, Kamaruddin SH

J Agric Food Chem, 2008 Sep 10;56(17):7877-84.
PMID: 18702467 DOI: 10.1021/jf8015915

In this present study, we investigated the effects of cocoa extract containing polyphenols and methylxanthines prepared from cocoa powder on the biochemical parameters of obese-diabetic (Ob-db) rats. Obese-diabetic (Ob-db) rats were developed using a high-fat diet (49% fat, 32% carbohydrate, and 19% protein from total energy, kcal) for 3 months, followed by a low dose (35 mg/kg body weight) streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Cocoa extract (600 mg/kg body weight/day) was given to the rats for 4 weeks. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in fasting plasma glucose and insulin level after 4 weeks of cocoa extract administration. Oral glucose tolerance test revealed that cocoa supplementation in Ob-db rats significantly (p < 0.05) reduced plasma glucose at 60 and 90 min compared to unsupplemented Ob-db rats. Plasma free fatty acid and oxidative stress biomarker (8-isoprostane) were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced after cocoa supplementation. Superoxide dismutase activity was enhanced in Ob-db compared to that in nonsupplemented rats. However, no change was observed in catalase activity. The results showed that cocoa supplementation had an effect on postprandial glucose control but not for long term (4 weeks). Moreover, cocoa supplementation could reduce circulating plasma free fatty acid and 8-isoprostane and may enhance the antioxidant defense system.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/drug effects*
Protective effect of different parts of Cassia fistula on human umbilical vein endothelial cells against glycated protein-induced toxicity in vitro

Einstein JW, Mustafa MR, Nishigaki I, Rajkapoor B, Moh MA

Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol, 2008 Oct;30(8):599-605.
PMID: 19088944 DOI: 10.1358/mf.2008.30.8.1268401

The protective effect of methanol extracts of Cassia fistula (flowers, leaves and bark) was examined in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) against toxicity induced by glycated protein (GFBS) in vitro. The experiments consisted of eight groups of HUVEC with five flasks in each group. Group I was treated with 15% FBS, group II with GFBS (70 microM) alone, and the other six groups were treated with GFBS plus 25 and 50 microg of each of the three types of C. fistula extracts. After 72 h of incubation, cells were collected and tested for lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione S-transferase (GST). The protective effect of C. fistula extracts against GFBS-induced cytotoxicity was examined in HUVEC by using trypan blue exclusion and MTT assays. Results showed that HUVEC incubated with GFBS alone showed a significant (P < 0.001) elevation of lipid peroxidation accompanied by depletion of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR), in addition to decreased cytosolic GST. Treatment of HUVEC with C. fistula extracts at a concentration of 25 and 50 microg significantly decreased lipid peroxidation and normalized the activities of the antioxidant enzymes and GST levels in a concentration-dependent manner. Morphological changes of HUVEC were compared with respective controls; in addition, the C. fistula extracts increased the viability of HUVEC damaged by GFBS. A protective effect of C. fistula extracts on HUVEC against GFBS-induced toxicity suggested a potential beneficial effect of the extract in preventing diabetic angiopathies.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/drug effects
Fulltext Antioxidant intake and status, and oxidative stress in relation to breast cancer risk: a case-control study

Sharhar S, Normah H, Fatimah A, Fadilah RN, Rohi GA, Amin I, et al.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2008 Apr-Jun;9(2):343-49.
PMID: 18712988

A case control study was carried out to investigate associations between breast cancer risk, antioxidant status and oxidative stress among women in Klang Valley and Selangor. A total of 57 newly diagnosed cases aged 30 to 66 years old participated and were matched for age and ethnicity with 139 controls with no diagnosis of cancer or other chronic diseases. An interview based questionnaire designed to collect information on demographic and socioeconomic status, as well as reproductive, medical and dietary history was used. Anthropometric measurements including weight, height, waist and hip circumference were made and a 10 ml fasting venous blood sample was taken for glucose testing and analysis of plasma vitamin antioxidants and malondialdehyde. Hair and toenail samples were taken for selenium analysis. Results showed that the mean intake of vitamin A, vitamin E and selenium among cases (606.8 +/- 334.8 microg/d, 6.1 +/- 2.4 g/d, 56.9 +/- 16.2 microg/d) was lower than controls (724.7 +/- 414 microg/day, 6.9 +/- 3.0 g/d, 60.8 +/- 17.5 microg/d, respectively) (p<0.05 for all parameters). A similar trend was noted for plasma vitamin A and E and also selenium in hair and toenails. Poor antioxidant status as indicated by low plasma vitamin A (<284.3 microg/l or <366.3 microg/l) increased risk of breast cancer by approximately two fold, whilst low plasma vitamin E (<2.5 mg/dl, <2.8 mg/dl and <3.1 mg/dl) increased the risk by two to three fold [Adjusted OR 2.97 (95% CI 1.38-3.48), 2.32 (95% CI 1.07-2.41) and 2.12 (95% CI 1.00-4.21)]. Cases had a greater level of malondialdehyde 4.4 +/- 1.1 mmol/g protein), an indicator of oxidative stress, as compared to controls (3.2 +/- 1.7 mmol/g protein) (p<0.05). A high level of MDA (> or = 4.8 mmol/g protein) was associated with breast cancer [Adjusted OR 6.82 (95% CI 1.95-23.9)]. It is concluded that a poor antioxidant status and high oxidative stress are associated with breast cancer risk. Thus, it is essential for Malaysian women to obtain a good antioxidant status by consuming a diet rich in vitamins A and E as well as selenium and adopt healthy behaviour to reduce oxidative stress in order to prevent breast cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress*
Fulltext Effects of Palm Tocotrienols on Oxidative Stress and Bone Strength in Ovariectomised Rats

Nazrun, A.S., Khairunnur, A., Norliza, M., Norazlina, M., Iman Nirwana, S.

Medicine & Health, 2008;3(2):247-255.
MyJurnal

Oxidative stress has been associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis which pre-disposes to risk of fracture. Palm tocotrienol is a potent antioxidant and has the poten-tial to be used for treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis. The aim of the study is to determine if palm tocotrienol supplementation could alleviate oxidative stress in ovariectomised rat model and improve its bone strength. The rats were di- vided into four groups: (i) sham-operated group (SHAM) (ii) ovariectomised-control group (OVX) (iii) ovariectomised and given 60mg/kg α-tocopherol by oral gavage (OVX + ATF) (iv) ovariectomised and given 60mg/kg palm tocotrienols by oral gavage (OVX + PTT). After eight weeks of treatment, blood samples were taken to measure oxida-tive status (MDA, SOD and GPX) while the femurs were biomechanically tested for strength and resistance to fracture. Ovariectomy was shown to induce oxidative stress as shown by the raised MDA levels and reduced GPX activity. Palm tocotrienols seemed to offer protection against the ovariectomy-induced oxidative stress as shown by the suppression of MDA levels and raised GPX and SOD activities in the OVX+PTT group. In comparison, α-tocopherol was only able to raise the SOD but not as high as palm tocotrienols. The biomechanical tests have shown that ovariectomy has not af-fected the bone strength significantly after eight weeks. Palm tocotrienols supplemen-tation for eight weeks was effective in preventing oxidative stress in a post-meno-pausal rat.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress
Effect of Tai Chi exercise on DNA damage, antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress in middle-age adults

Goon JA, Aini AH, Musalmah M, Anum MY, Nazaimoon WM, Ngah WZ

J Phys Act Health, 2009 Jan;6(1):43-54.
PMID: 19211957

BACKGROUND: The biochemical mechanisms involving oxidative stress to explain the relationship between exercise and healthy aging are still unclear.
METHODS: Tai Chi participants and matched sedentary volunteers age 45 and above were enrolled. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities; levels of DNA damage using the comet assay; and malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced glycation end products (AGE) were determined at 0, 6, and 12 months.
RESULTS: Tai Chi subjects had decreased normal and increased mildly damaged DNA with elevated GPx activity after 6 months (n=25). Plasma MDA and AGE concentrations decreased significantly after 12 months (n=15) accompanied by increased SOD activity. This may be attributed to the hormesis effect, whereby mild induction of oxidative stress at the first 6 months of exercise resulted in stimulation of antioxidant defenses. These parameters were unchanged in the sedentary subjects in the first 6 months (n=27) except for elevated SOD activity. After 12 months, the sedentary subjects (n=17) had decreased normal DNA and increased severely damaged DNA with unaltered MDA and AGE levels while SOD and GPx activities were significantly elevated.
CONCLUSION: Regular Tai Chi exercise stimulated endogenous antioxidant enzymes and reduced oxidative damage markers.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress*
The oxidative stress of hyperglycemia and the inflammatory process in endothelial cells

Muniandy S, Qvist R, Yan GO, Bee CJ, Chu YK, Rayappan AV

J. Med. Invest., 2009 Feb;56(1-2):6-10.
PMID: 19262007

Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are common in many critically ill patients. Hyperglycemia increases the production of reactive oxygen species in cells, stimulates the production of the potent proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-alpha, and enhances the expression of haem oxygenase-1, an inducible stress protein. It has been shown that administration of insulin and the semi-essential amino acid glutamine have been beneficial to the septic patient. The aim of our study is to test whether these two molecules, glutamine and insulin used in combination attenuate the proinflammatory responses in endothelial cells which have been triggered by hyperglycaemia. Our results demonstrate that a combination of insulin and glutamine are significantly more effective in reducing the expression of IL-8, TNF-alpha and HO-1 than insulin or glutamine alone.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/drug effects; Oxidative Stress/physiology*
Comparative assessment of urinary oxidative indices in breast and colorectal cancer patients

Chandramathi S, Suresh K, Anita ZB, Kuppusamy UR

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2009 Feb;135(2):319-23.
PMID: 18758816 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-008-0462-7

PURPOSE: This study aimed to use non-invasive methods to assess and compare the levels of oxidative indices and non-enzymatic antioxidants in breast and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Various studies have reported on lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) levels in the serum of cancer patients but this is the first report that highlights the significance of urinary-advanced oxidative protein product (AOPP) in cancer patients.
METHODS: The levels of advanced oxidative protein product (AOPP), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), malondialdehyde (MDA) which is a marker for lipid peroxidation and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were measured in urine samples of breast (n = 101) and colorectal cancer (n = 49) patients attending the Oncology Clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur and were compared with 95 age-matched healthy individuals.
RESULTS: AOPP, H(2)O(2) and MDA levels in the urine were significantly higher in the CRC patients compared to the control subjects and breast cancer patients. In breast cancer patients, only AOPP level was elevated. FRAP level did not differ between breast and colorectal cancer patients but the levels were significantly lower compared to control subjects.
CONCLUSION: Urinary oxidative indices such as AOPP, H(2)O(2), and MDA as well as FRAP could serve as useful non-invasive oxidative stress markers in colorectal cancer but only AOPP serves as a useful urinary oxidative biomarker in breast cancer.
Study site: Oncology clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress*
Modulation of lipid metabolism by Centella asiatica in oxidative stress rats

Hussin M, Hamid AA, Mohamad S, Saari N, Bakar F, Dek SP

J Food Sci, 2009 Mar;74(2):H72-8.
PMID: 19323754 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01045.x

A study was carried out to investigate the effects of Centella asiatica leaf on lipid metabolism of oxidative stress rats. The rats were fed 0.1% hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) with either 0.3% (w/w) C. asiatica extract, 5%C. asiatica powder (w/w), or 0.3% (w/w) alpha-tocopherol for 25 wk. Results of the study showed that C. asiatica powder significantly (P < 0.05) lowered serum low-density lipoprotein compared to that of control rats (rats fed H(2)O(2) only). At the end of the study C. asiatica-fed rats were also found to have significantly (P < 0.05) higher high-density lipoprotein and lower triglyceride level compared to rats fed only normal diet. However, cholesterol level of rats fed both C. asiatica extract and powder was found to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher compared to that of control rats. It was interesting to note that consumption of C. asiatica significantly decreased body and liver weights of the rats. Histological examinations revealed no obvious changes in all rats studied. Quantitative analysis of C. asiatica leaf revealed high concentration of total phenolic compounds, in particular, catechin, quercetin, and rutin.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/drug effects; Oxidative Stress/physiology*
Elevated levels of urinary hydrogen peroxide, advanced oxidative protein product (AOPP) and malondialdehyde in humans infected with intestinal parasites

Chandramathi S, Suresh K, Anita ZB, Kuppusamy UR

Parasitology, 2009 Mar;136(3):359-63.
PMID: 19154644 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182008005465

Oxidative stress has been implicated as an important pathogenic factor in the pathophysiology of various life-threatening diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. It occurs when the production of free radicals (generated during aerobic metabolism, inflammation, and infections) overcome the antioxidant defences in the body. Although previous studies have implied that oxidative stress is present in serum of patients with parasitic infection there have been no studies confirming oxidative stress levels in the Malaysian population infected with intestinal parasites. Three biochemical assays namely hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation (LP) and advanced oxidative protein product (AOPP) assays were carried out to measure oxidative stress levels in the urine of human subjects whose stools were infected with parasites such as Blastocystis hominis, Ascaris, Trichuris, hookworm and microsporidia. The levels of H2O2, AOPP and LP were significantly higher (P<0.001, P<0.05 and P<0.05 respectively) in the parasite-infected subjects (n=75) compared to the controls (n=95). In conclusion, the study provides evidence that oxidative stress is elevated in humans infected by intestinal parasites. This study may influence future researchers to consider free radical-related pathways to be a target in the interventions of new drugs against parasitic infection and related diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress*
Curcumin attenuates oxidative damage in animals treated with a renal carcinogen, ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA): implications for cancer prevention

Iqbal M, Okazaki Y, Okada S

Mol Cell Biochem, 2009 Apr;324(1-2):157-64.
PMID: 19165575 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9994-z

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a biologically active ingredient derived from rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa, has potent anticancer properties as demonstrated in a plethora of human cancer cell lines/animal carcinogenesis model and also acts as a biological response modifier in various disorders. We have reported previously that dietary supplementation of curcumin suppresses renal ornithine decarboxylase (Okazaki et al. Biochim Biophys Acta 1740:357-366, 2005) and enhances activities of antioxidant and phase II metabolizing enzymes in mice (Iqbal et al. Pharmacol Toxicol 92:33-38, 2003) and also inhibits Fe-NTA-induced oxidative injury of lipids and DNA in vitro (Iqbal et al. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 1:151-160, 2003). This study was designed to examine whether curcumin possess the potential to suppress the oxidative damage caused by kidney-specific carcinogen, Fe-NTA, in animals. In accord with previous report, at 1 h after Fe-NTA treatment (9.0 mg Fe/kg body weight intraperitoneally), a substantial increased formation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-modified protein adducts in renal proximal tubules of animals was observed. Likewise, the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and protein reactive carbonyl, an indicator of protein oxidation, were also increased at 1 h after Fe-NTA treatment in the kidneys of animals. The prophylactic feeding of animals with 1.0% curcumin in diet for 4 weeks completely abolished the formation of (i) HNE-modified protein adducts, (ii) 8-OHdG, and (iii) protein reactive carbonyl in the kidneys of Fe-NTA-treated animals. Taken together, our results suggest that curcumin may afford substantial protection against oxidative damage caused by Fe-NTA, and these protective effects may be mediated via its antioxidant properties. These properties of curcumin strongly suggest that it could be used as a cancer chemopreventive agent.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/drug effects*
Fulltext Attenuation of hydrogen peroxide and ferric reducing/antioxidant power serum levels in colorectal cancer patients with intestinal parasitic infection

Chandramathi S, Suresh KG, Anita ZB, Kuppusamy UR

Malays J Med Sci, 2009 Apr;16(2):15-20.
PMID: 22589653 MyJurnal

This study assessed several common oxidative indices in subjects infected with intestinal parasites, as well as in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients both with and without intestinal parasites.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress
Effect of alpha-tocopherol supplementation on renal oxidative stress and Na+/K+ -adenosine triphosphatase in ethanol treated Wistar rats

Mailankot M, Jayalekshmi H, Chakrabarti A, Alang N, Vasudevan DM

Indian J Exp Biol, 2009 Jul;47(7):608-10.
PMID: 19761047

Ethanol intoxication resulted in high extent of lipid peroxidation, and reduction in antioxidant defenses (decreased GSH, GSH/GSSG ratio, and catalase, SOD and GPx activities) and (Na+/K+)-ATPase activity in kidney. Alpha-tocopherol treatment effectively protected kidney from ethanol induced oxidative challenge and improved renal (Na+/K+)-ATPase activity. Ethanol induced oxidative stress in the kidney and decreased (Na+/K+)-ATPase activity could be reversed by treatment with ascorbic acid.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/drug effects
Chlorella vulgaris modulates hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage and telomere shortening of human fibroblasts derived from different aged individuals

Makpol S, Yaacob N, Zainuddin A, Yusof YA, Ngah WZ

Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 2009 Jul 03;6(4):560-72.
PMID: 20606778

The objective of this study was to investigate the modulatory effect of Chlorella vulgaris on cultured fibroblast cells derived from young and old aged individuals focusing on DNA damage, telomere length and telomerase activity. Dose-response test of the algal extract on cells in both age groups revealed that optimum viability was observed at a concentration of 50 microg/ml. Results obtained showed that Chlorella vulgaris exhibited protective effects against H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress as shown by the reduction in damaged DNA caused by H(2)O(2) treatment (p<0.05) in Chlorella vulgaris pre- and post-treated groups (p<0.05). Pre-treatment of Chlorella vulgaris resulted in a significant decrease in DNA damage suggesting a bioprotective effect against free radical attacks. A decline in DNA damage was observed in post-treated cells which proves Chlorella vulgaris to present bioremediative properties. In cells induced with oxidative stress, telomere length decreased significantly coupled with a concomitant decline of telomerase activity (p<0.05). However, these reductions were prevented with prior and post treatment of Chlorella vulgaris. Therefore, we concluded that Chlorella vulgaris exhibited bioprotective effects especially in cells obtained from young donor but were more bioremediative for cells obtained from old donor as indicated by DNA damage, telomere shortening and reduction in telomerase activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/genetics
Absorption of andrographolides from Andrographis paniculata and its effect on CCl(4)-induced oxidative stress in rats

Akowuah GA, Zhari I, Mariam A, Yam MF

Food Chem Toxicol, 2009 Sep;47(9):2321-6.
PMID: 19540299 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.06.022

A simple and validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with UV detection has been used to determine the content of andrographolide (AP) and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DIAP) in rat plasma after oral dose of methanol extract (1 g/kg body weight) of Andrographis paniculata leaf. An increase in plasma concentration of AP and DIAP was observed from 30 min to 3 h after oral administration of the extract. The maximum plasma concentrations of AP and DIAP were 1.42+/-0.09 microg/ml and 1.31+/-0.04 microg/ml, respectively. Fourteen days oral treatment of rats with the methanol extract (1 g/kg body weight) followed by CCl(4) administration preserved catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in erythrocytes, whereas plasma lipid peroxidation, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities were restored to values comparable with control values. Treatment of rats with CCl(4) did not showed significant alteration (p>0.05) in plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) as compare to values of control group.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/drug effects*
Flavonoid quercetin protects against swimming stress-induced changes in oxidative biomarkers in the hypothalamus of rats

Haleagrahara N, Radhakrishnan A, Lee N, Kumar P

Eur J Pharmacol, 2009 Oct 25;621(1-3):46-52.
PMID: 19744476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.08.030

Quercetin is a bioflavonoid abundant in onions, apples, tea and red wine and one of the most studied flavonoids. Dietary quercetin intake is suggested to be health promoting, but this assumption is mainly based on mechanistic studies performed in vitro. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of quercetin on stress-induced changes in oxidative biomarkers in the hypothalamus of rats. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to forced swimming stress for 45 min daily for 14 days. Effect of quercetin at three different doses (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg body weight) on serum corticosterone and oxidative biomarkers (lipid hydroperoxides, antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidants) was estimated. Swimming stress significantly increased the serum corticosterone and lipid hydroperoxide levels. A significant decrease in total antioxidant levels and super oxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase levels was seen in the hypothalamus after stress and treatment with quercetin significantly increased these oxidative parameters and there was a significant decrease in lipid hydroperoxide levels. These data demonstrate that forced swimming stress produced a severe oxidative damage in the hypothalamus and treatment with quercetin markedly attenuated these stress-induced changes. Antioxidant action of quercetin may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of stress-induced oxidative damage in the brain.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/drug effects*

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