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Fulltext Early functional and radiological outcomes between plaster cast and fiberglass cast in stable thoracolumbar burst fracture

Zamzuri Z., Ariff M.S., Mohd Fairuz Ad., Mohd Shukrimi A., Nazri My.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(1):121-126.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Burst fracture results from compression failure of both the anterior and middle columns under
substantial axial loads. Conservative treatment was a method of treatment for fractures without
neurological deficit. This cross sectional study was designed to evaluate the functional and radiological
outcome of patient with thoracolumbar burst fracture treated conservatively. Methods: 40 cases were
recruited from January 2013 till December 2015. They were followed-up with minimum period of 1 year and
evaluated for the functional (Oswetry Disbility Index) and radiological outcomes (kyphotic angle deformity
and anterior body compression). Results: 20 patients were treated with body cast made form plaster of
Paris and remaining 20 patients with fiberglass cast. In plaster of Paris group, mean kyphotic angle
deformity at last follow up was 16.60 ± 2.95 with a mean improvement 4.45 degree and anterior body
compression at last follow up was 30.35% ± 10.2 with mean improvement of 9.30%. In fiberglass group, mean
kyphotic angle deformity at last follow up was 15.55 ± 3.38 with a mean improvement 7.25 degree and
anterior body compression at last follow up was 25.90% ± 7.81 with mean improvement of 3.45%. The
functional outcome showed Oswetry Disability Index (ODI) score in plaster of Paris group was 23.70 (SD =
7.82) and in fiberglass group was 18.50 (SD = 5.94). Conclusions: Application of body cast using a fiberglass
material give better radiological outcome hence less pain, more functional and higher patient’s satisfaction
as compared to plaster of Paris.

Matched MeSH terms: Pain
Fulltext Congenital insensitivity to pain with recurrent septic arthritis of the left knee

Zamzuri Z, Goh KL, Aminuddin CA, Mohamed Azril MA, Shukrimi A

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2011;10(1):51-52.
MyJurnal

A 15-year–old Malay male with congenital insensitivity to pain presented with recurrent septic arthritis of the left knee complicated by osteomylitis. Repeated arthrotomy and wound debridement was done, however, the condition was not resolved. Amputation was suggested as the best method of treatment to eradicate the infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Pain Insensitivity, Congenital
Fulltext Predictors of low back pain among secondary school teachers in Malaysia: a longitudinal study

Zamri EN, Hoe VCW, Moy FM

Ind Health, 2020 Jun 09;58(3):254-264.
PMID: 31666460 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2019-0106

Low back pain (LBP) is prevalent among workers both in developed and developing countries. School teachers represent a high proportion of the working population in Malaysia. However, there is a lack of longitudinal study on predictors and course of LBP among teachers. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the predictors and course of LBP among secondary school teachers. Longitudinal data of 701 teachers in Selangor, Malaysia were collected from May 2015 to October 2016. Associations between predictors and LBP were analysed using logistic regression and reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). At 12-month of follow-up, 44% (95%CI: 40.6%, 48.0%) of the participants reported having LBP. In the regression model that included all risk factors, only LBP at baseline (OR 10.43, 95%CI: 6.19, 17.58) was associated with LBP at 12-month follow-up. When LBP at baseline was removed from the model, anxiety symptom (OR 2.51, 95%CI: 1.19, 5.30) and lifting heavy weights (OR 4.16, 95%CI: 1.40, 12.30) were found to be significantly associated with LBP at 12-month follow-up. In conclusion, issues on anxiety and lifting heavy weights should be addressed to reduce the occurrence of LBP despite the presence of health condition itself (LBP at baseline).

Matched MeSH terms: Low Back Pain/epidemiology*; Low Back Pain/psychology
Fulltext Association of psychological distress and work psychosocial factors with self-reported musculoskeletal pain among secondary school teachers in Malaysia

Zamri EN, Moy FM, Hoe VC

PLoS One, 2017;12(2):e0172195.
PMID: 28234933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172195

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal pain is common among teachers. Work-related psychosocial factors are found to be associated with the development of musculoskeletal pain, however psychological distress may also play an important role.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of self-reported low back pain (LBP), and neck and/or shoulder pain (NSP) among secondary school teachers; and to evaluate the association of LBP and NSP with psychological distress and work-related psychosocial factors.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among teachers in the state of Penang, Malaysia. The participants were recruited via a two stage sampling method. Information on demographic, psychological distress, work-related psychosocial factors, and musculoskeletal pain (LBP and NSP) in the past 12 months was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) for the associations between psychological distress and work-related psychosocial factors with LBP and NSP.
RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported LBP and NSP among 1482 teachers in the past 12 months was 48.0% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 45.2%, 50.9%) and 60.1% (95% CI 57.4%, 62.9%) respectively. From the multivariate analysis, self-reported LBP was associated with teachers who reported severe to extremely severe depression (PR: 1.71, 95% CI 1.25, 2.32), severe to extremely severe anxiety (1.46, 95% CI 1.22, 1.75), high psychological job demand (1.29, 95% CI 1.06, 1.57), low skill discretion (1.28, 95% CI 1.13, 1.47) and poorer mental health (0.98, 95% CI 0.97, 0.99). Self-reported NSP was associated with mild to moderate anxiety (1.18, 95% CI 1.06, 1.33), severe to extremely severe anxiety (1.25, 95% CI 1.09, 1.43), low supervisory support (1.13, 95% CI 1.03, 1.25) and poorer mental health (0.98, 95% CI 0.97, 0.99).
CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported LBP and NSP were common among secondary school teachers. Interventions targeting psychological distress and work-related psychosocial characteristics may reduce musculoskeletal pain among school teachers.

Matched MeSH terms: Low Back Pain; Shoulder Pain; Musculoskeletal Pain/complications; Musculoskeletal Pain/psychology*
Correlates of low back pain among Filipino caregivers of children with disability: A preliminary study

Zamora MAL, Labao HC

Enferm Clin, 2020 02;30 Suppl 1:120-123.
PMID: 32115158 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.09.033

The caregiver's role in rearing a child with disability requires huge physical demands which may lead to development of musculoskeletal disorders such as low back pain (LBP). This study aims to determine the factors associated with low back pain among caregivers of children with disability. A quantitative, correlational research design was used. Data were gathered among caregivers of children with disabilities enrolled in a specialized educational and pediatric rehabilitation unit in Valenzuela City. A personal information sheet was used to gather relevant demographic data while Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was used to measure low back pain and disability. Pearson's correlation and Chi-square were used to determine the relationship and association among demographic factors and low back pain and disability. Majority of the respondents are mothers (59.09%) caring for children with autism spectrum disorder (31.82%), married (68.18%), and living in an extended family (36.36%). Chi-squared revealed a statistically significant association between caregivers' gender (p=0.003), relationship to child (p=0.000), and marital status (p=0.000) to low back pain and disability. Results imply that married mothers who are the primary caregivers to children with disability are prone to develop low back pain and disability. Preventive and restorative physical interventions, such as caring rotation, is recommended. Future studies should focus on other factors such as psychosocial, physical, and emotional aspects of low back pain and disability among caregivers of children with disability.

Matched MeSH terms: Low Back Pain*
Fulltext Risk perception of childhood immunisation among the public in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah

Zaki, R.A., Roffeei, S.N., Hazwan, A.E., Musa, N.

JUMMEC, 2018;21(2):38-44.
MyJurnal

Objective: The study was designed to determine the risk perception of the public population in Kota Kinabalu towards childhood immunisation.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study where self-administered questionnaires were distributed to the public in Kota Kinabalu. The respondents who consented were 18 years old and older. The illiterate persons and the foreigners were excluded. The calculated sample size was 400. Only 313 samples collected were suitable for analysis using SPSS v21.0.
Results: Fever, pain swelling and allergic reaction were correctly identified as risks of immunisation. Autism, mental retardation and even death could also result from vaccination. Of the total respondents, 76.7% agreed with the practice of childhood vaccination, 70.0% thought that childhood vaccinations were safe and effective and 58.1% felt that its benefit outweighed the risk. Other than that, 32.0% refused childhood vaccination from fear of its risks, and this fear was the main reason for the refusal of childhood vaccination. Age, marital status, race and income were the factors which influenced parental willingness to vaccinate their children (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Most participants understood the risks of childhood vaccination, but few agreed to the practice of childhood immunisation for herd immunity. Public health campaigns are needed, to increase the understanding and acceptance of childhood vaccination especially in the rural community.
Keywords: Childhood Immunisation, Parental Risk, Perception, Public Acceptance

Matched MeSH terms: Pain
Fulltext Antinociceptive activity of methanolic extract of Muntingia calabura leaves: further elucidation of the possible mechanisms

Zakaria ZA, Mohd Sani MH, Cheema MS, Kader AA, Kek TL, Salleh MZ

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2014;14:63.
PMID: 24555641 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-63

Muntingia calabura (Elaecoparceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used, particularly, by the Peruvian people to alleviate headache and cold, pain associated with gastric ulcers or to reduce the prostate gland swelling. Following the recent establishment of antinociceptive activity of M. calabura leaf, the present study was performed to further elucidate on the possible mechanisms of antinociception involved.

Matched MeSH terms: Pain/chemically induced; Pain/drug therapy; Pain/metabolism*
In vivo antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of dried and fermented processed virgin coconut oil

Zakaria ZA, Somchit MN, Mat Jais AM, Teh LK, Salleh MZ, Long K

Med Princ Pract, 2011;20(3):231-6.
PMID: 21454992 DOI: 10.1159/000323756

The present study was carried out to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of virgin coconut oil (VCO) produced by the Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI) using various in vivo models.

Matched MeSH terms: Pain/drug therapy*; Pain Measurement/methods
Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of Solanum nigrum aqueous extract in animal models

Zakaria ZA, Sulaiman MR, Morsid NA, Aris A, Zainal H, Pojan NH, et al.

Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol, 2009 Mar;31(2):81-8.
PMID: 19455262 DOI: 10.1358/mf.2009.31.2.1353876

The present study was carried out to evaluate the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of the aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum leaves using various animal models. The extract, at concentrations of 10, 50 and 100%, was prepared by soaking (1:20; w/v) air-dried powdered leaves (20 g) in distilled water (dH2O) for 72 h. The extract solutions were administered subcutaneously in mice/rats 30 min prior to the tests. The extract exhibited significant (P < 0.05) antinociceptive activity when assessed using the abdominal constriction, hot plate and formalin tests. The extract also produced significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities when assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema and brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia tests, respectively. Overall, these activities occurred in a concentration-dependent manner, except for the 50% concentration of the extract, which was not effective in the abdominal constriction test. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that S. nigrum leaves possessed antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects and thus supported traditional claims of its medicinal uses.

Matched MeSH terms: Pain/drug therapy; Pain Measurement
Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties of an aqueous extract of Dicranopteris linearis leaves in experimental animal models

Zakaria ZA, Ghani ZD, Nor RN, Gopalan HK, Sulaiman MR, Jais AM, et al.

J Nat Med, 2008 Apr;62(2):179-87.
PMID: 18404320 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-007-0224-x

This study was performed out to establish the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties of an aqueous extract of Dicranopteris linearis leaves in experimental animals. The antinociceptive activity was measured using the abdominal constriction, hot plate, and formalin tests. The anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities were measured using the carrageenan-induced paw edema and brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia tests, respectively. The extract, obtained after 72 h soaking of the air-dried leaves in distilled water and then prepared in the doses of 13.2, 66.0, 132.0, and 660.0 mg/kg, was administered subcutaneously 30 min before subjecting the animals to the assays mentioned above. Generally, the extract, at all doses used, was found to have significant (P < 0.05) concentration-independent antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyretic activity. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of D. linearis has antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activity, supporting previous claims of its traditional use by the Malays to treat various ailments, particularly fever.

Matched MeSH terms: Pain Measurement
Antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic properties of Channa striatus fillet aqueous and lipid-based extracts in rats

Zakaria ZA, Kumar GH, Mat Jais AM, Sulaiman MR, Somchit MN

Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol, 2008 Jun;30(5):355-62.
PMID: 18806894 DOI: 10.1358/mf.2008.30.5.1186084

The present study was carried out to elucidate the antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic properties of the aqueous and lipid-based extracts of Channa striatus fillet in rats. The antinociceptive activity was assessed using the formalin test, and the antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities were assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema and brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia tests, respectively. Both types of extracts were prepared in concentrations of 10%, 50% and 100% by serial dilution in distilled water or dimethyl sulfoxide, respectively, and were administered subcutaneously 30 min prior to each test. Except for the 10% aqueous extract which exhibits activity only in the early phase, the extracts were found to exhibit significant (P < 0.05) activity in the early and late phases of the formalin test. Furthermore, the aqueous and lipid-based extracts were also found to show significant (P < 0.05) antiinflammatory activity, with the former showing a greater effect at the lowest concentration used. The lipidbased, but not the aqueous, extract was found to have significant (P < 0.05) activity in the pyrexia test. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that C. striatus extracts possess antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities.

Matched MeSH terms: Pain Measurement/drug effects
Effects of various nonopioid receptor antagonists on the antinociceptive activity of Muntingia calabura extracts in mice

Zakaria ZA, Hassan MH, Nurul Aqmar MN, Abd Ghani M, Mohd Zaid SN, Sulaiman MR, et al.

Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol, 2007 Oct;29(8):515-20.
PMID: 18040526

This study was carried out in mice to determine the nonopioid receptor signaling pathway(s) that might modulate the antinociceptive activity of the aqueous and chloroform extracts of Muntingia calabura (M. calabura) leaves, using the hot-plate test. The leaves of M. calabura were sequentially soaked [1:2 (w/v); 72 h] in distilled water (dH(2)O) and chloroform. The 50% concentration extracts were selected for this study based on the plant's previously established antinociceptive profiles. The mice (n = 7) were pretreated (s.c.) for 10 min with the selected nonopioid receptor antagonists, followed by the (s.c.) administration of the respective extract. The latency of discomfort was recorded at the interval time of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 h after the extract administration. The 5 mg/kg atropine, 10 mg/kg phenoxybenzamine, 10 mg/kg yohimbine, 10 mg/kg pindolol, 1 mg/kg haloperidol and 10 mg/kg bicuculline caused significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the aqueous extract-induced antinociceptive activity. The 10 mg/kg phenoxybenzamine, 10 mg/kg yohimbine, 10 mg/kg pindolol and 10 mg/kg bicuculline caused significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the chloroform extract-induced antinociceptive activity. In conclusion, the central antinociceptive activity of M. calabura leaves appears to be involved in the modulation of various nonopioid receptor signaling pathways. Its aqueous extract antinociceptive activity is mediated via modulation of the muscarinic, alpha(1)-adrenergic, alpha(2)-adrenergic, beta-adrenergic, dopaminergic and GABAergic receptors, while its chloroform extract activity is mediated via modulation of the alpha(1)-adrenergic, alpha(2)-adrenergic, beta-adrenergic and GABAergic receptors.

Matched MeSH terms: Pain/drug therapy*; Pain Measurement
Fulltext Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of the aqueous extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaves in experimental animals

Zakaria ZA, Wen LY, Abdul Rahman NI, Abdul Ayub AH, Sulaiman MR, Gopalan HK

Med Princ Pract, 2007;16(6):443-9.
PMID: 17917444

The present study was carried out to determine the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of the aqueous extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaves using animal models.

Matched MeSH terms: Pain/drug therapy*
Fulltext The antinociceptive action of aqueous extract from Muntingia calabura leaves: the role of opioid receptors

Zakaria ZA, Mustapha S, Sulaiman MR, Mat Jais AM, Somchit MN, Abdullah FC

Med Princ Pract, 2007;16(2):130-6.
PMID: 17303949

The present study was carried out to investigate the antinociceptive activity of the aqueous extract of Muntingia calabura (MCAE) leaves and to determine the effect of temperature and the involvement of the opioid receptor on the said activity using the abdominal constriction test (ACT) and hot-plate test (HPT) in mice.

Matched MeSH terms: Pain/prevention & control*; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold/drug effects
Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Corchorus capsularis leaves chloroform extract in experimental animal models

Zakaria ZA, Sulaiman MR, Gopalan HK, Abdul Ghani ZD, Raden Mohd Nor RN, Mat Jais AM, et al.

Yakugaku Zasshi, 2007 Feb;127(2):359-65.
PMID: 17268156

The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Corchorus capsularis leaves chloroform extract were investigated in experimental animal models. The antinociceptive activity was measured using the writhing, hot plate and formalin tests, while the anti-inflammatory activity was measured using the carrageenan-induced paw edema test. The extract, obtained after 72 h soaking of the air-dried leaves in chloroform followed by in vacuo evaporation to dryness, was weighed and prepared by serial dilution in DMSO in the doses of 20, 100 and 200 mg/kg. The extract was administered (s.c.) 30 min prior to subjection to the respective assays. The extract was found to exhibit significant (p < 0.05) antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. As a conclusion, the present study confirmed the traditional claims of using C. capsularis to treat various ailments related to inflammation and pain.

Matched MeSH terms: Pain/prevention & control*
The antinociceptive activity of Muntingia calabura aqueous extract and the involvement of L-arginine/nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway in its observed activity in mice

Zakaria ZA, Sulaiman MR, Jais AM, Somchit MN, Jayaraman KV, Balakhrisnan G, et al.

Fundam Clin Pharmacol, 2006 Aug;20(4):365-72.
PMID: 16867020

The present study was carried out to investigate on the possible involvement of L-arginine/nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (L-arginine/NO/cGMP) pathway in the aqueous extract of Muntingia calabura (AEMC) leaves antinociception in mice assessed by abdominal constriction test. The AEMC, obtained by soaking the dried leaves in distilled water (DH(2)O) (1 : 2; w/v) for 24 h, was prepared in concentrations of 10%, 50% and 100% that were approximately equivalent to doses of 27, 135 and 270 mg/kg, and administered subcutaneously (s.c.) 5 min after pre-treatment (s.c.) of mice with DH(2)O, L-arginine (20 mg/kg), N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA; 20 mg/kg), N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl esters (L-NAME; 20 mg/kg), methylene blue (MB) (20 mg/kg), respectively. The AEMC was found to exhibit a concentration-dependent antinociception after pre-challenge with DH(2)O. Interestingly, pre-treatment with L-arginine was found to block significantly (P < 0.05) the AEMC antinociception but only at the highest concentration (100%) of AEMC used. On the other hand, pre-treatment with L-NAME was found to significantly (P < 0.05) enhance the low concentration but inhibit the high concentration AEMC antinociception. MB was found to significantly (P < 0.05) enhance AEMC antinociception at all concentrations used. Except for the higher concentration of AEMC used, co-treatment with L-NAME was found to insignificantly and significantly (P < 0.05) reverse the L-arginine effect when given alone or with low concentration AEMC, respectively. In addition, co-treatment with MB significantly (P < 0.05) reversed the L-arginine effect when given alone or with 10% concentration AEMC but failed to affect the activity of the rest of concentrations used. As a conclusion, this study has demonstrated the involvement of L-arginine/NO/cGMP pathway in AEMC antinociception.

Matched MeSH terms: Pain/chemically induced; Pain/metabolism; Pain/prevention & control*; Pain Measurement
Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Dicranopteris linearis leaves chloroform extract in experimental animals

Zakaria ZA, Abdul Ghani ZD, Raden Mohd Nor RN, Gopalan HK, Sulaiman MR, Abdullah FC

Yakugaku Zasshi, 2006 Nov;126(11):1197-203.
PMID: 17077622

The present study was carried out to establish the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Dicranopteris linearis leaves chloroform extract in experimental animals. The antinociceptive activity was measured using the abdominal constriction, formalin and hot plate tests, while the anti-inflammatory activity was measured using the carrageenan-induced paw edema. The extract, obtained after 72 h soaking of the air-dried leaves in chloroform followed by evaporation under vacuo (40 degrees C) to dryness, was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to the doses of 20, 100 and 200 mg/kg and administered subcutaneously 30 min prior to subjection to the above mentioned assays. The extract, at all doses used, was found to exhibit significant (p<0.05) antinociceptive activity in a dose-dependent manner. However, the significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory activity observed occur in a dose-independent manner. As a conclusion, the chloroform extract of D. linearis possesses antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity and thus justify its traditional uses by the Malays to treat various ailments.

Matched MeSH terms: Pain/drug therapy*
Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of Solanum nigrum chloroform extract in animal models

Zakaria ZA, Gopalan HK, Zainal H, Mohd Pojan NH, Morsid NA, Aris A, et al.

Yakugaku Zasshi, 2006 Nov;126(11):1171-8.
PMID: 17077618

AIM: The present study was carried out to evaluate the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of chloroform extract of Solanum nigrum leaves using various animal models.
METHODS: The extract was prepared by soaking (1:20; w/v) the air-dried powdered leaves (20 g) in chloroform for 72 hrs followed by evaporation (40 degrees C) under reduced pressure to dryness (1.26 g) and then dissolved (1:50; w/v) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The supernatant, considered as the stock solution with dose of 200 mg/kg, was diluted using DMSO to 20 and 100 mg/kg, and all doses were administered (s.c.; 10 ml/kg) in mice/rats 30 min prior to tests.
RESULTS: The extract exhibited significant (p<0.05) antinociceptive activity when assessed using the abdominal constriction, hot plate and formalin tests. The extract also produced significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities when assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema and brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia tests. Overall, the activities occurred in a dose-independent manner.
CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that the lipid-soluble extract of S. nigrum leaves possessed antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties and confirmed the traditional claims.

Matched MeSH terms: Pain/drug therapy*
The influences of temperature and naloxone on the antinociceptive activity of Corchorus olitorius L. in mice

Zakaria ZA, Safarul M, Valsala R, Sulaiman MR, Fatimah CA, Somchit MN, et al.

Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 2005 Jul;372(1):55-62.
PMID: 16133487

A series of preliminary studies was carried out to evaluate the antinociceptive (pain relief) activity of the aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorius L. leaves (COAE) and to determine the influence of temperature and opioid receptors on COAE activity using the abdominal constriction and hot plate tests in mice. COAE, at concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100%, showed both peripheral and central antinociception that are non-concentration- and concentration-dependent respectively. The peripheral activity was clearly observed at a concentration of 25% and diminished at a concentration of 100%, while the central activity was observed at all the concentrations of COAE used. Furthermore, the insignificant results obtained indicated that this peripheral activity (at concentrations of 25 and 50%) was comparable to that of morphine (0.8 mg/kg). Pre-heating COAE at a temperature of 80 degrees C and 100 degrees C, or 60 degrees C and 80 degrees C was found to enhance its peripheral and central antinociception respectively. Pre-treatment with naloxone (10 mg/kg), a general opioid receptor antagonist, for 5 min, followed by COAE, was found to completely block its peripheral, but not central, antinociceptive activity. Based on this observation, we conclude that the antinociceptive activity exhibited by C. olitorius is enhanced by the increase in temperature and may be mediated peripherally, but not centrally, at least in part, via an opioid receptor.

Matched MeSH terms: Pain/prevention & control*; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold/drug effects
The effects of L-arginine, D-arginine, L-name and methylene blue on channa striatus-induced peripheral antinociception in mice

Zakaria ZA, Sulaiman MR, Somchit MN, Jais AM, Ali DI

J Pharm Pharm Sci, 2005;8(2):199-206.
PMID: 16124931

To determine the involvement of nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) pathway in aqueous supernatant of haruan (Channa striatus) fillet (ASH) antinociception using the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction test.

Matched MeSH terms: Pain Measurement/drug effects*; Pain Measurement/methods

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