Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 309 in total

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  1. Fulltext Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia in advanced chronic periodontitis patients.
    Vaithilingam, R.D., Taiyeb-Ali, T.B., Yusuf, R.
    Ann Dent, 2010;17(1):1-8.
    MyJurnal
    This cross-sectional study was carried out to identify A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. intermedia in the subgingival plaque of three ethnic groups (Malays, Chinese and Indians) in a selected group of adult Malaysians with advanced Chronic Periodontitis and to correlate these findings with their periodontal status. Thirty periodontally diseased adults were age, gender and ethnically matched with 30 healthy individuals. Clinical parameters were assessed for all. Subgingival plaque samples were collected for identification of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. intermedia using polymerase chain reaction. Prevalence for P. intermedia (83.3%) was high and A. actinomycetemcomitans
    (6.7%) low in the total subject population. P. intermedia and A. actinomycetemcomitans were more
    prevalent in diseased (86.7%, 10% respectively) than in healthy (80%, 3.33% respectively) subjects. A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected in 15% Indians, 5% Malays but none of the Chinese subjects whereas P. intermedia was detected in 90% Malays, 85% Indians and 75% Chinese subjects. No significant association between presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans
    and P. intermedia with race and periodontal disease status was found. Only A. actinomycetemcomitans had a significant association with clinical attachment level (CAL) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, in this small subject group, none of the pathogens were associated with race and periodontal disease status and only A. actinomycetemcomitans had a significant association with CAL.
    Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
  2. Alpha-Fetoprotein levels in normal males from seven ethnic groups with different hepatocellular carcinoma risks
    Sizaret P, Tuyns A, Martel N, Jouvenceaux A, Levin A, Ong YW, et al.
    Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1975 Aug 22;259:136-55.
    PMID: 54017
    Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) levels of 1,335 males (15 years and older) of seven ethnic groups (Chinese, Indians, and Malays from Singapore, Caucasians from Lyon, and Blacks from Nairobi, forest, and the savanna region of the Ivory Coast) were determined by radioimmunoassay. A few elevated levels (up to 30 nanounits/ml) were detected in some normal individuals, especially in the older age-groups. In addition, there was a systematic age-dependency of AFP levels particularly evident in the groups from Singapore-Lyon, in which there was a 50% AFP increase between the ages of 20 and 40. Comparison between Africans on the one hand and people from Singapore-Lyon on the other hand revealed highly significant differences (p less than 0.001), especially in the younger groups, whereas Chinese, Malays, and Indians from Singapore had very similar AFP pattern; this suggests an important role for environmental factors in the regulation of AFP levels. The age dependency of the presumed effect of environmental factors is in keeping with experimental data showing that young animals respond more vigorously to AFP-stimulating factors. Although the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) differs in the three Singapore groups (the highest in Chinese and the lowest in Indians), no relationship was observed in this study between mean AFP level and HCC incidence in Singapore.
    Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups*
  3. Alphaviruses in Peninusular Malaysia: I. Virus isolations and animal serology
    Marchette NJ, Rudnick A, Garcia R, MacVean DW
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1978 Sep;9(3):317-29.
    PMID: 34888
    A survey of the activity of three alphaviruses (Sindbis, getah and chikungunya) in Peninsular Malaysia was conducted between 1962 and 1970. Serum samples were examined from 3,917 vertebrates representing a wide variety of wild and domestic animals throughout the peninsula for hemagglutination-inhibiting and neutralizing antibodies. A total of 548,939 mosquitoes were collected from different habitats, including jungle, rural, suburban and urban areas, and the majority of the females taken were examined for the presence of virus. Two strains of Sindbis virus and one strain of getah virus were isolated from pools of Culex mosquitoes collected in and around domestic animal shelters. Analysis of the serological results indicated that, 1) getah virus is associated principally with large domestic animals, particularly swine, 2) Sindbis virus is associated with large domestic animals and birds, especially domestic ducks, and 3) chikungunya virus, which has not yet been isolated in Malaysia, appeared to be present at a very low level of activity, probably with wild monkeys as the vertebrate hosts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Animal Population Groups/immunology*
  4. Amyloidosis in Malaysian aborigines (Orang Asli)
    Looi LM, Prathap K
    Pathology, 1979 Oct;11(4):575-82.
    PMID: 93739
    Material from 334 consecutive autopsies on Orang Asli subjects performed in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur between May 1967 and June 1978 was examined for amyloidosis. Nine positive cases were found, all in patients above 40 years of age, giving an age-corrected incidence of about 9%. In 6 cases, amyloidosis was probably secondary to tuberculosis. The remaining 3 cases exhibited a pericollagenous distribution characteristic of primary amyloidosis. Involvement of the heart and lungs was prominent. However, there were considerable similarities in the distribution and staining properties of the amyloid in the 2 groups. Though both the heart and kidney were frequently affected, the kidney was the most common organ to give rise to clinical symptoms. Infection probably plays a major contributory role in amyloidosis in the Orang Asli.
    Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups*
  5. An assessment of the knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions of pharmacy students regarding HIV/AIDS
    Ahmed SI, Hassali MA, Aziz NA
    Am J Pharm Educ, 2009 Feb 19;73(1):15.
    PMID: 19513153
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions of University Sains Malaysia final-year pharmacy students regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunity deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

    METHOD: A cross-sectional study among pharmacy students. Data were analyzed with Chi-square to find difference at p value < 0.05.

    RESULTS: The majority of students (83.07%) responded showing a difference in gender and race. Students showed low willingness (9.2%) to assist patients and low confidence (36.1%) in their education about HIV/AIDS patients. Students recommended HIV testing for health care professionals (69.4%) and patients (75.9%) before surgical procedures. Students knew little about Post Exposure Prophylaxis (18.5%) or about the time for HIV to develop into AIDS (57.4%). About 40% of students were unaware of the inability of antivirals to treat HIV/AIDS. Students had low awareness for opportunistic infections (18.5%), and low agreement on competency to treat and counsel HIV patients (12.9%).

    CONCLUSION: The study highlighted students' misconceptions, negative attitudes, and risk perceptions towards HIV/AIDS.

    Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups/psychology
  6. An epidemiologic study of osteogenic sarcoma in Malaysia. Incidence in urban as compared with rural environments and in each of three separate racial groups, 1969-1972
    Silva JF, Subramanian N
    Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1975 Nov-Dec;?(113):119-27.
    PMID: 1059509
    To explore the possibility that environmental and/or genetic factors may yield clues to the etiology of osteogenic sarcoma, an epidemiologic retrospective study of all cases of osteogenic sarcoma in a country with clear geographic and racial variables (Malaysia) was conducted covering a 4-year period. Sixty-eight cases were identified (+85% of the predicted total). The incidence (cases per 100,000 population per year) was 0.11 in Malay, 0.23 in the Chinese, and 0.23 in the Indian. The urban versus rural incidence in the Malay was 0.22 versus 0.09, and in the Chinese 0.31 versus 0.18. The Indian population was too small when dividied into urban and rural segments to be significant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
  7. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by tribal and native people of Madhupur forest area, Bangladesh
    Islam MK, Saha S, Mahmud I, Mohamad K, Awang K, Jamal Uddin S, et al.
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2014 Feb 3;151(2):921-30.
    PMID: 24342778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.056
    Madhupur forest area, Tangail is one of early human settlements in Bangladesh. Having abode in the vicinity of the forest, a strong ethnobotanical practice has prevailed in this area since ancient time. Due to the rapid deforestation during the last few decades, many plants have already disappeared or are facing extinction. Thus we attempted to document the medicinal plant use of Madhupur forest area with a view to preserve the ethnobotanical knowledge and in order to protect the biodiversity of this area.
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Groups
  8. An outbreak of acute conjunctivitis caused by coxsackievirus A24 in Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia, 1978
    Tan DS, Yin-Murphy M, Kandiah S
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1980 Mar;11(1):24-7.
    PMID: 6250226
    An investigation of an outbreak of acute conjunctivitis in Kuala Lumpur from May to August 1978 was made. A total of 2,133 cases was involved, most of whom were adult Malay males of low income status from the surrounding villages and low-cost flats. The majority of cases had bilateral conjunctivitis with clear discharge. Pain and subconjunctival haemorrhage were not common and recovery, mostly without complications, occurred within 1 week. Eye scrapings and paired sera specimens were examined and the causal agent was found to be Coxsackievirus A24 (CA24).
    Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
  9. An update of the general health status in the indigenous populations of Malaysia
    Jinam TA, Phipps ME, Indran M, Kuppusamy UR, Mahmood AA, Hong LC, et al.
    Ethn Health, 2008 Jun;13(3):277-87.
    PMID: 18568977 DOI: 10.1080/13557850801930478
    Health scenarios are constantly evolving, particularly in developing countries but little is known regarding the health status of indigenous groups in Malaysia. This study aims to elucidate the current health status in four indigenous populations in the country, who by and large been left out of mainstream healthcare developments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Groups*
  10. Anaemia and folate status in late pregnancy in a mixed Asiatic population
    Hibbard BM, Hibbard ED
    J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw, 1972 Jul;79(7):584-91.
    PMID: 5043421
    Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups*
  11. Fulltext Anaplastic squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth - a report on 100 consecutive cases
    Ramanathan K, Ng KH, Ramanathan J, Chelvanayagam PI
    Med J Malaysia, 1981 Sep;36(3):174-6.
    PMID: 7329375
    Squamous cell carcinoma is the commonest malignant tumour of the mouth (91 percent) in people living in Peninsular Malaysia. Since the histological grading of oral carcinoma ·is one of the several important factors to be considered in the long term survival of patients a more detailed study of anaplastic carcinoma of the mouth in 100 patients is made in this study. As reported in an earlier study the Chinese seem to be more prone to develop anaplastic carcinoma of the mouth. In contrast although oral carcinoma occurs most commonly in the Indians, the development of anaplastic carcinoma seems to be the least in them. The Indians seem to have a better host immune response to oral carcinoma than the Chinese and the Malays occupy an intermediary position. The peak age incidence was between 51-70 years (50 percent). In descending order of frequency anaplastic carcinoma involved the gingiva (29 percent), buccal mucosa (22 percent), palate (20 percent), and tongue (16 percent). Further studies may help to formulate a more effective tailor-made regime of treatment for each individual oral carcinoma patient.
    Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
  12. Angiotensin-1 converting enzyme I/D gene polymorphism: scenario in Malaysia
    Jayapalan JJ, Muniandy S, Chan SP
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2008 Sep;39(5):917-21.
    PMID: 19058590
    Discrepancies in angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE) allele genetic susceptibility with disease etiology have been attributed to ethnic differences. We investigated ACE gene polymorphism of the multiethnic Malaysian population by utilizing nested polymerase chain reaction. Allelic frequency of 0.65 and 0.35 for I and D allele, respectively in the pooled population was comparable with other Asian populations. A significant association was found between the Malaysian ethnic groups and ACE I/D genotype. The II genotype was found at higher frequency among the Malays but a greater frequency of DD genotype among Indians.
    Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
  13. Anochetus Maryatiae, a new Species of ponerinae (hymenoptera: formicidae)
    Nuril Aida K, Idris A
    Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40.
    Anochetus maryatiae, a new species of Formicidae from the subfamily Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini from Ulu Gombak is described and illustrated. This ant genus was last studied in Malaysia by Brown in 1978. Observations were made on morphometric characters which included parameter measurements of total length, head length, head width, mandible length, scape length, antenna length, maximum eye length, oculomandibular distance, funicular length segment 1 to 4, pronotum width, propodeum height, petiole length, petiole height, dorsal petiole width, cephalix index and mandibular index. It was followed by a brief diagnosis, description of morphological structure, microsculpture, pilosity and discussion. Although it has resemblance with Anochetus tua, it could be easily distinguished from other species in having reticulate pronotum. This is the only species from Malaysia with such microsculpture on the pronotum. In addition to that, A. maryatie varies with A. tua in having smaller total length, less than 7.5 mm and lighter colour.
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Groups
  14. Antenatal scoring system in predicting the success of planned vaginal birth following one previous caesarean section
    Kalok A, Zabil SA, Jamil MA, Lim PS, Shafiee MN, Kampan N, et al.
    J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018 Apr;38(3):339-343.
    PMID: 29017359 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2017.1355896
    This was a prospective observational study to determine the predictive factors for a successful vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) and to develop a relevant antenatal scoring system. Patients with one previous caesarean section were included in this study. All data including maternal demographics, obstetric history, pregnancy progress and outcomes were collected and analysed. A total of 142 out of the 186 women (76.3%) had successful VBAC. History of previous vaginal delivery and non-recurrent indications for previous caesarean section were the significant predictive factors for a successful VBAC. Five variables for our scoring tool were selected. By using a proposed mean score of 4 out of 7, the scoring system had a sensitivity of 81.0%, specificity of 52.3% and a positive predictive value of 84.6%. VBAC antenatal scoring system was potentially a useful predictive tool in antenatal counselling. Impact statement What is already known on this subject: Planned vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) is an important strategy to limit the overall caesarean section rate, which is related to maternal morbidities. However, trial of vaginal delivery does involve potential complications including scar dehiscence, postpartum haemorrhage and emergency hysterectomy. What the results of this study add: Clinical predictors of a successful VBAC include non-recurrent indications for the previous caesarean section, previous vaginal delivery, spontaneous onset of labour and birthweight less than 4kg. There were multiple screening tools developed to predict the likelihood of successful VBAC. These scoring systems involved various variables such as age, ethnicity, Bishop's score and previous caesarean indication. We had prospectively developed an antenatal scoring system based on five variables. Our result showed that patient with a score of four and above will have around 85% chance of successful VBAC. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research: We have also found that, estimated foetal weight based on ultrasound scan is a potential predictor for successful VBAC. This simple scoring method will be useful in-patient counselling regarding mode of delivery after one previous caesarean section. A multicentre study involving large cohort of patients is ideal to validate our scoring system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
  15. Antibodies to Sarcocystis in Malaysians
    Thomas V, Dissanaike AS
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1978;72(3):303-6.
    PMID: 97821
    Sera from 243 donors belonging to the four main ethnic groups in West Malaysia (Orang Asli, Malays, Chinese and Indians) were tested, using the indirect fluorescent antibody technique for the prevalence of antibodies to Sarcocystis. Almost 20% reacted positively at dilutions of 1:64 or higher and eight among the Orang Asli and Malays gave the highest titres of 1:256. Prevalence was highest in the Orang Asli and lowest in Chinese. 22 sera also reacted positively to Toxoplasma, whether due to polyparasitism or cross-reaction is, as yet, unknown.
    Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
  16. Anticoagulation control in different ethnic groups receiving vitamin K antagonist therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation
    Zulkifly H, Cheli P, Lutchman I, Bai Y, Lip GYH, Lane DA
    Thromb Res, 2020 08;192:12-20.
    PMID: 32416364 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.001
    BACKGROUND: Efficacy and safety of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) is optimised in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients when the International Normalised Ratio (INR) is 2.0-3.0. Anticoagulation control comparing different ethnic groups is limited, although epidemiological studies suggest poorer INR control in non-white cohorts.

    METHODS: VKA control was assessed retrospectively by time-in-the-therapeutic range (TTR) (Rosendaal method) and percentage INR-in-range (PINRR) in 991 White, Afro-Caribbean and South-Asian AF patients [overall mean (SD) age 71.6 (9.4) years; 55% male; mean (SD) CHA2DS2-VASc score 3.4 (1.6)] over a median (IQR) follow-up of 5.2 (3.2-7.0) years.

    RESULTS: Compared to Whites, mean (SD) TTR and PINRR were significantly lower in South-Asians [TTR 67.9% vs. 60.5%; PINRR 58.8% vs. 51.6%, respectively] and Afro-Caribbeans [TTR 67.9% vs. 61.3%; PINRR 58.8% vs. 53.1%, respectively], despite similar INR monitoring intensity. Logistic regression revealed non-white ethnicity [OR 2.62; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] (1.67-4.10) and OR 3.47 (1.44-8.34)] and anaemia [OR 1.65 (1.00-2.70) and OR 6.27 (1.89-20.94)] as independent predictors of both TTR and PINRR 

    Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
  17. Are speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR) outcomes influenced by ethnicity?
    Zakaria MN, Jalaei B, Aw CL, Sidek D
    Neurol Sci, 2016 Jun;37(6):943-8.
    PMID: 26921173 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-016-2522-0
    Due to its objective nature, auditory brainstem response (ABR) evoked by complex stimuli has been gaining attention lately. The present study aimed to compare the speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR) results between two ethnic groups: Malay and Chinese. In addition, it was also of interest to compare the speech-ABR outcomes obtained from the present study with the published Caucasian data. Thirty healthy male adults (15 Malay and 15 Chinese) were enrolled in this comparative study. Speech syllable/da/presented at 80 dBnHL was used to record speech-ABR waveforms from the right ear of each subject. Amplitudes and latencies of speech-ABR peaks (V, A, C, D, E, F and O), as well as composite onset measures (V/A duration, V/A amplitude and V/A slope) were computed and analyzed. When the two ethnic groups were compared, all speech-ABR results were not statistically different from each other (p > 0.05). When the data from the present study were compared with the published Caucasian data, most of the statistical analyses were significant (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
  18. Fulltext Ascariasis among orang asli children at pos lenjang, Pahang, malaysia
    Hartini, Y., Mohamed Kamel, A.G.
    Medicine & Health, 2010;5(2):60-65.
    MyJurnal
    A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2006 to determine the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides infection among Orang Asli (aborigines) children in Pos Lenjang, Pahang. A total of 71 faecal samples were collected from the children (40 girls and 31 boys) aged between 1-12 years. The samples were examined for the presence of the ova of A. lumbricoides using direct faecal smear and formalin-ether concentration techniques. 42.3%. The prevalence of A. lumbricoides infection was found to be slightly higher in males (45.2%) compared to females (40%) (p>0.05). The school-aged children showed higher prevalence of infection (48.6%) as compared to the preschool children (35.3%) (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Groups
  19. Fulltext Association of Genetic Ancestry With the Molecular Subtypes and Prognosis of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
    Lee SHR, Antillon-Klussmann F, Pei D, Yang W, Roberts KG, Li Z, et al.
    JAMA Oncol, 2022 Mar 01;8(3):354-363.
    PMID: 35084434 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.6826
    IMPORTANCE: Racial and ethnic disparities persist in the incidence and treatment outcomes of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, there is a paucity of data describing the genetic basis of these disparities, especially in association with modern ALL molecular taxonomy and in the context of contemporary treatment regimens.

    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of genetic ancestry with childhood ALL molecular subtypes and outcomes of modern ALL therapy.

    DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This multinational, multicenter genetic association study was conducted from March 1, 2000, to November 20, 2020, among 2428 children and adolescents with ALL enrolled in frontline trials from the United States, South East Asia (Singapore and Malaysia), and Latin America (Guatemala), representing diverse populations of European, African, Native American, East Asian, and South Asian descent. Statistical analysis was conducted from February 3, 2020, to April 19, 2021.

    MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Molecular subtypes of ALL and genetic ancestry were comprehensively characterized by performing RNA sequencing. Associations of genetic ancestries with ALL molecular subtypes and treatment outcomes were then evaluated.

    RESULTS: Among the participants in the study, 1340 of 2318 (57.8%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 7.8 (5.3) years. Of 21 ALL subtypes identified, 8 were associated with ancestry. East Asian ancestry was positively associated with the frequency of somatic DUX4 (odds ratio [OR], 1.30 [95% CI, 1.16-1.45]; P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
  20. Attitudes toward epilepsy in East Malaysia using the Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE) scale
    Chia ZJ, Lim KS, Fong SL, Sim RS, Rajahram GS, Narayanan V, et al.
    Epilepsy Behav, 2020 09;110:107158.
    PMID: 32512367 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107158
    BACKGROUND: Epilepsy stigma is an important issue affecting people with epilepsy (PWE) in various social aspects of life. Most studies on stigma were among the metropolitan population but rarely on indigenous people. Hence, this study aimed to understand the attitudes toward epilepsy of the East Malaysians, comparing with the West Malaysians previously reported.

    METHOD: This study was performed among the indigenous people in Kuching and Sibu (Sarawak) and Kota Kinabalu (Sabah) using the Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE) scale. A higher score indicates poorer attitude.

    RESULT: A total of 360 respondents (41.7% Kadazan-Dusun, 30.6% Bidayuh, and 24.7% Iban) aged 34.6 ± 12.6 years completed the questionnaire. They were predominantly females and had lower education level and income compared with the West Malaysians. The Sabah population had significantly lower mean scores (better attitudes) than those in Sarawak, in both personal and general domains (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Population Groups/ethnology*; Population Groups/psychology
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