Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 145 in total

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  1. Fulltext Dietary sodium intake in a multiethnic Asian population of healthy participants and chronic kidney disease patients
    Teo BW, Bagchi S, Xu H, Toh QC, Li J, Lee EJ
    Singapore Med J, 2014 Dec;55(12):652-5.
    PMID: 25630320
    INTRODUCTION: Clinical practice guidelines recommend using creatinine-based equations to estimate glomerular filtration rates (GFRs). While these equations were formulated for Caucasian-American populations and have adjustment coefficients for African-American populations, they are not validated for other ethnicities. The Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaborative Group (CKD-EPI) recently developed a new equation that uses both creatinine and cystatin C. We aimed to assess the accuracy of this equation in estimating the GFRs of participants (healthy and with chronic kidney disease [CKD]) from a multiethnic Asian population.

    METHODS: Serum samples from the Asian Kidney Disease Study and the Singapore Kidney Function Study were used. GFR was measured using plasma clearance of 99mTc-DTPA. GFR was estimated using the CKD-EPI equations. The performance of GFR estimation equations were examined using median and interquartile range values, and the percentage difference from the measured GFR.

    RESULTS: The study comprised 335 participants (69.3% with CKD; 38.5% Chinese, 29.6% Malays, 23.6% Indians, 8.3% others), with a mean age of 53.5 ± 15.1 years. Mean standardised serum creatinine was 127 ± 86 μmol/L, while mean standardised serum cystatin C and mean measured GFR were 1.43 ± 0.74 mg/L and 67 ± 33 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. The creatinine-cystatin C CKD-EPI equation performed the best, with an estimated GFR of 67 ± 35 mL/min/1.73 m2.

    CONCLUSION: The new creatinine-cystatin C equation estimated GFR with little bias, and had increased precision and accuracy in our multiethnic Asian population. This two-biomarker equation may increase the accuracy of population studies on CKD, without the need to consider ethnicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/ethnology; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/urine*
  2. Fulltext Performance of the CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin C glomerular filtration rate estimation equations in a multiethnic Asian population
    Teo BW, Koh YY, Toh QC, Li J, Sinha AK, Shuter B, et al.
    Singapore Med J, 2014 Dec;55(12):656-9.
    PMID: 25630321
    INTRODUCTION: Clinical practice guidelines recommend using creatinine-based equations to estimate glomerular filtration rates (GFRs). While these equations were formulated for Caucasian-American populations and have adjustment coefficients for African-American populations, they are not validated for other ethnicities. The Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaborative Group (CKD-EPI) recently developed a new equation that uses both creatinine and cystatin C. We aimed to assess the accuracy of this equation in estimating the GFRs of participants (healthy and with chronic kidney disease [CKD]) from a multiethnic Asian population.

    METHODS: Serum samples from the Asian Kidney Disease Study and the Singapore Kidney Function Study were used. GFR was measured using plasma clearance of 99mTc-DTPA. GFR was estimated using the CKD-EPI equations. The performance of GFR estimation equations were examined using median and interquartile range values, and the percentage difference from the measured GFR.

    RESULTS: The study comprised 335 participants (69.3% with CKD; 38.5% Chinese, 29.6% Malays, 23.6% Indians, 8.3% others), with a mean age of 53.5 ± 15.1 years. Mean standardised serum creatinine was 127 ± 86 μmol/L, while mean standardised serum cystatin C and mean measured GFR were 1.43 ± 0.74 mg/L and 67 ± 33 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. The creatinine-cystatin C CKD-EPI equation performed the best, with an estimated GFR of 67 ± 35 mL/min/1.73 m2.

    CONCLUSION: The new creatinine-cystatin C equation estimated GFR with little bias, and had increased precision and accuracy in our multiethnic Asian population. This two-biomarker equation may increase the accuracy of population studies on CKD, without the need to consider ethnicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood*; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/urine*
  3. Fulltext Assessment of muscle mass and its association with protein intake in a multi-ethnic Asian population: relevance in chronic kidney disease
    Teo BW, Toh QC, Chan XW, Xu H, Li JL, Lee EJ
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2014;23(4):619-25.
    PMID: 25516320 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.2014.23.4.01
    Clinical practice guidelines recommend objective nutritional assessments in managing chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients but were developed while referencing to a North-American population. Specific recommendations for assessing muscle mass were suggested (mid-arm circumference, MAC; corrected mid-arm muscle area, cAMA; mid-arm muscle circumference, MAMC). This study aimed to assess correlation and association of these assessments with dietary protein intake in a multi-ethnic Asian population of healthy and CKD patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
  4. Fulltext Prevalence and predictors of resistant hypertension in a primary care setting: a cross-sectional study
    Chia YC, Ching SM
    BMC Fam Pract, 2014;15:131.
    PMID: 24997591 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-15-131
    Patients with resistant hypertension are subjected to a higher risk of getting stroke, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and renal failure. However, the exact prevalence of resistant hypertension in treated hypertensive patients in Malaysia is not known. This paper examines the prevalence and determinants of resistant hypertension in a sample of hypertensive patients.

    Study site: Primary care clinic, Universiti Malaya Medical Centre
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology*
  5. Fulltext Adverse outcomes of anticoagulant use among hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease: a comparison of the rates of major bleeding events between unfractionated heparin and enoxaparin
    Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Syed Sulaiman SA, Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Al Sayed Hussain A, Railey MJ
    PLoS One, 2014;9(9):e106517.
    PMID: 25181525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106517
    Anticoagulation therapy is usually required in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) for treatment or prevention of thromboembolic diseases. However, this benefit could easily be offset by the risk of bleeding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy*
  6. Fulltext Development of an adverse drug reaction risk assessment score among hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease
    Sharif-Askari FS, Syed Sulaiman SA, Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Al Sayed Hussain A
    PLoS One, 2014;9(4):e95991.
    PMID: 24755778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095991
    Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent a major burden on the healthcare system. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are particularly vulnerable to ADRs because they are usually on multiple drug regimens, have multiple comorbidities, and because of alteration in their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic parameters. Therefore, one step towards reducing this burden is to identify patients who are at increased risk of an ADR.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy*; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology
  7. Fulltext Cost analysis of hypertension management in an urban Primary Medical Centre Kuala Lumpur
    Azimatun Noor, A., Amrizal, M.N., Weng Kang, T, Rafidah, A.R., Hong, Y Geok, Adibah, A, et al.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2014;14(3):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Hypertension is one of the commonest health problems in Malaysia and its cases are on a rise. In conjunction with the above statement, it is predictable that the cost of healthcare services will further increase in the future. Therefore, cost study is necessary to estimate the health related economic burden of hypertension in Malaysia. A cross sectional study was carried out to quantify the direct treatment cost of hypertension. Three hundred and ninety one hypertensive patients’ data from Bandar Tasik Selatan Primary Medical Centre in year 2010 were collected and analysed. The direct treatment costs were calculated. The result showed that out of 391 hypertensive patients, 12.5% was diagnosed hypertensive without any co-morbidity, 25.3% with 1 co-morbidity dyslipidemia only; 4.3% with diabetes mellitus type 2 only; 0.5% with chronic kidney disease only and none with ischaemic heart disease. Patients with 2 co-morbidities (dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus type 2) were 42.2%; with 3 co-morbidities (diabetes mellitus type 2, dyslipidemia and chronic kidney disease) was 4.3%. The mean cost of direct treatment of hypertension per visit/ year was RM289.42 ±196.71 with the breakdown costs for each component were medicines 72.2%, salary 14.6%, laboratory tests 5.0%, administration 4.4% and radiology tests 3.8%. Dyslipidemia is by far the commonest co-morbidity among hypertensive patients. Direct costs of treating hypertension are mostly dependent on present of co-morbidity and numbers of drugs used. Thus, the annual budget could be calculated precisely in the future especially for drugs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
  8. The effects of acupressure on depression, anxiety and stress in patients with hemodialysis: a randomized controlled trial
    Hmwe NT, Subramanian P, Tan LP, Chong WK
    Int J Nurs Stud, 2015 Feb;52(2):509-18.
    PMID: 25468282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.11.002
    Patients with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis are affected by physiological and psychological stressors, which contribute to poor quality of life and negative clinical outcomes. Depression, anxiety, and stress are highly prevalent in this population. Effective interventional strategies are required to manage these psychological symptoms. Acupressure has been believed to be one of the complementary therapies that could promote psychological wellbeing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications
  9. Funding renal replacement therapy in southeast Asia: building public-private partnerships in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia
    Morad Z, Choong HL, Tungsanga K, Suhardjono
    Am J Kidney Dis, 2015 May;65(5):799-805.
    PMID: 25736214 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.09.031
    The provision of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in developing economies is limited by lack of financial and other resources. There are no national reimbursement policies for RRT in many countries in Asia. The Southeast Asia countries of Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia have adopted a strategy of encouraging public-private partnerships to increase the RRT rates in their respective countries. The private organizations include both for-profit and philanthropic bodies. The latter raise funds from ordinary citizens, corporations, and faith-based groups, as well as receive subsidies from the government to support RRT for patients in need. The kidney foundations of these countries play a leadership role in this public-private partnership. Many of the private organizations that support RRT are providers of treatment in addition to offering financial assistance to patients, with hemodialysis being the most frequently supported modality. Public-private partnership in funding RRT is sustainable over the long term with proper organization and facilitated by support from the government.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy
  10. Chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease and mortality: A prospective cohort study in a multi-ethnic Asian population
    Lim CC, Teo BW, Ong PG, Cheung CY, Lim SC, Chow KY, et al.
    Eur J Prev Cardiol, 2015 Aug;22(8):1018-26.
    PMID: 24857889 DOI: 10.1177/2047487314536873
    BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on adverse cardiovascular outcomes and deaths in Asian populations. We evaluated the associations of CKD with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in a multi-ethnic Asian population.
    DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of 7098 individuals who participated in two independent population-based studies involving Malay adults (n = 3148) and a multi-ethnic cohort of Chinese, Malay and Indian adults (n = 3950).
    METHODS: CKD was assessed from CKD-EPI estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). Incident CVD (myocardial infarction, stroke and CVD mortality) and all-cause mortality were identified by linkage with national disease/death registries.
    RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 4.3 years, 4.6% developed CVD and 6.1% died. Risks of both CVD and all-cause mortality increased with decreasing eGFR and increasing albuminuria (all p-trend <0.05). Adjusted hazard ratios (HR (95% confidence interval)) of CVD and all-cause mortality were: 1.54 (1.05-2.27) and 2.21 (1.67-2.92) comparing eGFR <45 vs ≥60; 2.81 (1.49-5.29) and 2.34 (1.28-4.28) comparing UACR ≥300 vs <30. The association between eGFR <60 and all-cause mortality was stronger among those with diabetes (p-interaction = 0.02). PAR of incident CVD was greater among those with UACR ≥300 (12.9%) and that of all-cause mortality greater among those with eGFR <45 (16.5%).
    CONCLUSIONS: In multi-ethnic Asian adults, lower eGFR and higher albuminuria were independently associated with incident CVD and all-cause mortality. These findings extend previously reported similar associations in Western populations to Asians and emphasize the need for early detection of CKD and intervention to prevent adverse outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/ethnology*; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/mortality; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology
  11. Renal scarring and chronic kidney disease in children with spina bifida in a multidisciplinary Malaysian centre
    Kanaheswari Y, Mohd Rizal AM
    J Paediatr Child Health, 2015 Dec;51(12):1175-81.
    PMID: 26041512 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12938
    The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of renal cortical scarring and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children with neurogenic bladder secondary to spina bifida (SB) managed at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. The secondary objective was to identify the clinical factors associated with these adverse outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
  12. Fulltext A prospective, multi-centre, observational study to examine kidney disease progression in adults with chronic kidney disease - CKDOD - Study design and preliminary results
    Shah B, Kirpalani A, Sunder S, Gupta A, Khanna U, Chafekar D, et al.
    BMC Nephrol, 2015;16:215.
    PMID: 26696239 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-015-0191-5
    The objective of this article is to describe the organisation of an international, clinical registry, the Chronic Kidney Disease Observational Database (CKDOD), the processes of enrolling patients and entering data and preliminary results to date.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications*
  13. Fulltext Use of chronic kidney disease to enhance prediction of cardiovascular risk in those at medium risk
    Chia YC, Lim HM, Ching SM
    PLoS One, 2015;10(10):e0141344.
    PMID: 26496190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141344
    Based on global cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment for example using the Framingham risk score, it is recommended that those with high risk should be treated and those with low risk should not be treated. The recommendation for those of medium risk is less clear and uncertain. We aimed to determine whether factoring in chronic kidney disease (CKD) will improve CV risk prediction in those with medium risk. This is a 10-year retrospective cohort study of 905 subjects in a primary care clinic setting. Baseline CV risk profile and serum creatinine in 1998 were captured from patients record. Framingham general cardiovascular disease risk score (FRS) for each patient was computed. All cardiovascular disease (CVD) events from 1998-2007 were captured. Overall, patients with CKD had higher FRS risk score (25.9% vs 20%, p = 0.001) and more CVD events (22.3% vs 11.9%, p = 0.002) over a 10-year period compared to patients without CKD. In patients with medium CV risk, there was no significant difference in the FRS score among those with and without CKD (14.4% vs 14.6%, p = 0.84) However, in this same medium risk group, patients with CKD had more CV events compared to those without CKD (26.7% vs 6.6%, p = 0.005). This is in contrast to patients in the low and high risk group where there was no difference in CVD events whether these patients had or did not have CKD. There were more CV events in the Framingham medium risk group when they also had CKD compared those in the same risk group without CKD. Hence factoring in CKD for those with medium risk helps to further stratify and identify those who are actually at greater risk, when treatment may be more likely to be indicated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications*
  14. Optimal Antibiotic Dosage for Chronic Kidney Disease Patient: A Pharmacological Manual for Oral Clinicians
    Chidambaram R
    Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov, 2015;10(2):113-23.
    PMID: 26220069
    Chronic kidney disease, (CKD) a gradual and inevitable deterioration in renal function, is the disease with the most associations in dentistry. Dosage adjustment is one amongst the vital elements to be familiar with during their oral care. CKD patients take extended duration to filter out medications, therefore dosage must always be tailored under the supervision of nephrologist. The relished benefits from antibiotic could transform as anti-microbial resistance on their abuse and nephrotoxic when contraindicated drugs are encouraged. New patented drug belonging to oxazoliodine group has driven the researchers to handle the emerging AMR. The present communication discusses the pharmacological factors influencing in prescribing the antibiotics for CKD patient from the dentist's point of view. The formulas destined for calculating the optimal dosage of antibiotics have been documented to aid oral physicians.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy*
  15. Fulltext A Study of Dielectric Properties of Proteinuria between 0.2 GHz and 50 GHz
    Mun PS, Ting HN, Ong TA, Wong CM, Ng KH, Chong YB
    PLoS One, 2015;10(6):e0130011.
    PMID: 26066351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130011
    This paper investigates the dielectric properties of urine in normal subjects and subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at microwave frequency of between 0.2 GHz and 50 GHz. The measurements were conducted using an open-ended coaxial probe at room temperature (25°C), at 30°C and at human body temperature (37°C). There were statistically significant differences in the dielectric properties of the CKD subjects compared to those of the normal subjects. Statistically significant differences in dielectric properties were observed across the temperatures for normal subjects and CKD subjects. Pearson correlation test showed the significant correlation between proteinuria and dielectric properties. The experimental data closely matched the single-pole Debye model. The relaxation dispersion and relaxation time increased with the proteinuria level, while decreasing with the temperature. As for static conductivity, it increased with proteinuria level and temperature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/urine*
  16. Fulltext The Role of Personality and Social Support in Health-Related Quality of Life in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
    Ibrahim N, Teo SS, Che Din N, Abdul Gafor AH, Ismail R
    PLoS One, 2015;10(7):e0129015.
    PMID: 26131714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129015
    BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly associated with various negative health outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of personality and social support on health-related quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is the quality of life studied in relation to health, and it provides important information of patients' coping with their health issues.

    METHOD: Participants comprised of 200 patients experiencing various stages of chronic kidney disease. All participants completed the Short-Form 36 (SF-36), Big Five Inventory (BFI) and the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Social Support questionnaires.

    RESULTS: Participants consisted of 108 males (54.0%) and 92 females (46.0%) with the mean age of 59.3 years (SD 14.5). Results showed that higher levels of extraversion and lower perceived affectionate social support were associated with higher physical HRQoL, whereas higher levels of neuroticism were associated with poorer mental HRQoL.

    CONCLUSION: The current study found that certain personality traits, namely extraversion and neuroticism, were found to be associated with HRQoL. In addition, affectionate social support was also associated with higher HRQoL. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the personality of CKD patients, as well as the type of social support that they have, in planning interventions to improve their health outcomes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology*
  17. Fulltext The Omega-3 fatty acids (Fish Oils) and Aspirin in Vascular access OUtcomes in REnal Disease (FAVOURED) study: the updated final trial protocol and rationale of post-initiation trial modifications
    Viecelli AK, Pascoe E, Polkinghorne KR, Hawley C, Paul-Brent PA, Badve SV, et al.
    BMC Nephrol, 2015;16:89.
    PMID: 26116581 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-015-0089-2
    The FAVOURED study is an international multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial which commenced recruitment in 2008 and examines whether omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) either alone or in combination with aspirin will effectively reduce primary access failure of de novo arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) in patients with stage 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease. Publication of new evidence derived from additional studies of clopidogrel and a high screen failure rate due to prevalent aspirin usage prompted an updated trial design.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy
  18. Fulltext Chronic kidney disease screening methods and its implication for Malaysia: an in depth review
    Almualm Y, Zaman Huri H
    Glob J Health Sci, 2015;7(4):96-109.
    PMID: 25946939 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v7n4p96
    Chronic Kidney Disease has become a public health problem, imposing heath, social and human cost on societies worldwide. Chronic Kidney Disease remains asymptomatic till late stage when intervention cannot stop the progression of the disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to detect the disease early. Despite the high prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in Malaysia, screening is still lacking behind. This review discusses the strengths and limitations of current screening methods for Chronic Kidney Disease from a Malaysian point of view. Diabetic Kidney Disease was chosen as focal point as Diabetes is the leading cause of Chronic Kidney Disease in Malaysia. Screening for Chronic Kidney Disease in Malaysia includes a urine test for albuminuria and a blood test for serum creatinine. Recent literature indicates that albuminuria is not always present in Diabetic Kidney Disease patients and serum creatinine is only raised after substantial kidney damage has occurred.  Recently, cystatin C was proposed as a potential marker for kidney disease but this has not been studied thoroughly in Malaysia.  Glomerular Filtration Rate is the best method for measuring kidney function and is widely estimated using the Modification of Diet for Renal Disease equation. Another equation, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Creatinine equation was introduced in 2009. The new equation retained the precision and accuracy of the Modification of Diet for Renal Disease equation at GFR < 60ml/min/1.73m2, showed less bias and improved precision at GFR>60ml/min/1.73m2. In Asian countries, adding an ethnic coefficient to the equation enhanced its performance. In Malaysia, a multi-ethnic Asian population, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation should be validated and the Glomerular Filtration Rate should be reported whenever serum creatinine is ordered. Reporting estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate will help diagnose patients who would have been otherwise missed if only albuminuria and serum creatinine are measured.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis*; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/urine
  19. Fulltext Anaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Hospital Putrajaya
    Thambiah CS, Samsudin IN, George E, Ranjit LK, Saat NS, Hussein Z, et al.
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2015;11(1):49-62.
    MyJurnal
    Patients with diabetes have an earlier onset and increased severity of anaemia compared to those with similar degree of renal impairment from other causes. Anaemia is associated with an increased risk of vascular complications. In this study, we determined the prevalence of anaemia in T2DM patients and its association with sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory parameters in an endocrine tertiary hospital in Malaysia. This was a cross-sectional study using retrospective electronic data from January 2011 to December 2013 of 165 T2DM patients in Hospital Putrajaya. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 21.0 for Windows. The prevalence of anaemia was 39.4% and majority had normocytic normochromic (80%), mild (58.5%) anaemia. Majority were Malays (73.9%), aged below 60 with comparable gender percentage and long-standing, poorly-controlled DM [median fasting blood sugar (FBS) 8mmol/L; glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 7.9%]. Using the KDIGO chronic kidney disease (CKD) staging system, 86% of these patients were in stages 3-5. Anaemic patients had a significantly higher serum urea, creatinine and a lower FBS, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) compared to non-anaemic patients. Anaemic patients with diabetic nephropathy had a significantly lower haemoglobin (Hb) compared to those without this complication (p=0.022). The sensitivity and specificity at a cut-off eGFR value of 38.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 (maximum Youden index = 0.462) was 66.7% and 79.5%, respectively to discriminate mild from moderate anaemia. This study shows that anaemia is already present in T2DM patients in Hospital Putrajaya at initial presentation to the specialist outpatient clinic and is significantly associated with CKD. Hence, it emphasises the obligatory need for routine and follow-up full blood count monitoring in T2DM patients in primary care as well as tertiary settings in Malaysia to enable early detection and aggressive correction of anaemia in preventing further complications.

    Study site: endocrine clinic, Hospital Putrajaya
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
  20. Fulltext Polycystic kidney disease in a Persian cat
    Phoon, M.H.E., Khor, K.H., Lau, S.F., Saw, M.H.
    Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia, 2015;27(1):20-23.
    MyJurnal
    A 6-year-old intact Persian cat was presented for the primary complaint of inappetence and weight loss. Irregular surface of
    kidneys was palpated during physical examination. Abdominal radiograph findings were indicative of renomegaly. Ultrasonography
    revealed multiple anaechoic structures within the renal parenchyma. The cortex, medulla and renal pelvis were unable to be
    differentiated. Both radiographic and ultrasonographic findings were suggestive of polycystic kidney disease. Blood test revealed
    normochromic, normocytic anaemia with azotaemia whereas urinalysis findings were hypostenuria and proteinuria, consistent of
    chronic kidney disease due to polycystic kidney. Ultrasound is a useful antemortem diagnostic tool to diagnose polycystic kidney
    disease in cats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
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